인공적인 공간에서 삶을 영위하는 인간, 과연 건축과 공간은 인간의 인지사고과정에 어떤 영향을 미칠까? 이 질문에 대해, 21세기 들어 새롭게 등장한 신경건축학이 어떤 대답을 해주고 있는지 소개하고, 지난 10년의 지적 도전을 조망한다.

1. Neuroscience + Architecture:
What happens in the Brain
in Space and Architecture?
KAIST
바이오 및 뇌공학과
정재승

2. [Case Report I]
Leon Festinger: MIT dorm analysis
• Social Psychologist ‘Leon
Festinger’ investigated MIT
students lived in campus Dorm.
• He investigated ‘the
relationship between the
structure of the dorm building
(the location of room and
distance between rooms) and
the friendship of the students.’

3. Proximity was ‘the best predictor of friendship’
[friendships of couples in students housing at MIT]
• 65% of friends lived in the same building
44% next door, 22% two doors apart,
10% on opposite ends of the hall
• Near stairwells on the 1st floor reported more 2nd floor friends
that other 1st floor residents.

4. [Case Report II]
Sanatorium for Alzheimer patients
• It is here that the overall design can have a significant effect on
our moods and by extension, our health. In fact, attention to
these details has been found to have a positive impact on patients
suffering from Alzheimer's disease.

5. • We need to explain how Alzheimer’s patients need visual
clues like pictures and objects to connect them with their
lives, and the same clues aid the average homeowner in
feeling grounded.
• Rearranging one’s decor is actually a healthy habit that keeps
your environs from going stale.

6. Deep Understanding of Humans
Clues and Insight from human brain

7. What is NeuroArchitecture?
• Neuroarchitecture is a discipline that seeks to explore ‘the
relationship between neuroscience and the design of
buildings and other man made structures’ that make up
the artificially created environment that most human
beings live within.

8. The premise of Neuroarchitecture
• Neuroarchitecture is based on the premise that artificial
elements added by humanity have a significant impact on
the function of the brain and nervous system.
• The impact may not be overt at first, and could in fact
affect changes to the way the nervous system functions
over an extended period of time.

10. Neurotransmitter monitoring

11. Eye-tracking technique
• Eye tracking is the process of measuring either the point of
gaze ("where we are looking") or the motion of an eye
relative to the head.
• An eye tracker is a device for measuring eye positions and
eye movement, particularly rotations of the eyes.

14. Academy of Neuroscience for Architecture (ANFA)

15. Jonas Salk (1914 – 1995):
The discovery of
vaccine for poliomyelitis

20. For more creativity, Raise the roof
• Meyers-Levy et al. The Influence of Ceiling Height: The Effect of
Priming on the Type of Processing People Use, Journal of
Consumer Behavior (2007)

21. NIH-supported Neuroarchitecture studies
• In 2003, AIA (American Institute of Architects) helped two
unprecedented research initiatives, one with the Salk Institute
and the other with the U.S. General Services Administration and
the National Institutes of Health.
• They are intended to show empirically that different physical
environments affect brain activity and even change brain
structure.
• The projects, though in their infancy, could have a major impact
on how the workplace, buildings and even towns and cities are
planned, designed and retrofitted, say sources.

22. What we could learn from
Neuroscience for Architecture?

23. The Influence of Ceiling Height
• When people are in a room with high ceilings, it activates sections
of ‘the right brain’ associated with freedom and abstract thinking.
• In low-ceilinged rooms, ‘more constrained thinking’ is brought to
the fore.
• “There’s a preference in terms of real estate for high ceilings and
it‚ and not only the sense of power and wealth that conveys but
also vertical space could have a beneficial mental influence,” she
says.

24. • Many experiments have been made demonstrating that ‘colored walls’
impact on physiology and specially in stress mechanisms (Nicholas
Humphrey, Colour and brightness preferences in monkeys. Nature,
229, 615-617, 1971.)

25. Neuroarchitecture: Blue Engenders Creativity
• The New York Times reports on how color can influence
creativity based on a Science article about researchers at
the University of British Columbia who conducted tests with
600 people to see how cognitive performance varies
when people see red or blue.

26. Sharp Corners
• Neuroscientist Moshe Bar provided some support for this theory in
his 2007 study in which subjects again viewed a series of neutral
objects this time, while their brains were scanned using functional
magnetic resonance imaging.
• They found that the amygdala, which is involved in fear processing
and emotional arousal, was more active when people were looking at
objects with sharp angles.

27. Green design: Biophilia hypothesis
• The “biophilia hypothesis” suggests that humans are
predisposed to function better in green spaces.

28. • In most, the person preparing the food at the sink, stove or
counter has to face away from his or her family or guests,
decreasing sociability in what should be a social zone.
• “As a result the brain continues to produce adrenalin and cortisol,
the hormones associated with fear and anxiety,”
• “Whereas if they are facing into the room then oxytocin, the
bonding hormone, and serotonin, associated with relaxation and
enjoyment, are released.”

30. Nudge
• ([nudged], [nudging]) to poke or push someone gently, especially
with the elbow, to get attention, etc.
• By a nudge we mean anything that influences our choices.

31. 신경건축학연구회
(Neuroscience + Architecture)

32. Neuroscience + Architecture
= Humans