Plant based foods for a better tomorrow, Sustainable Foods Summit, San Franci...Givaudan
In a world with a growing population, scarce resources, and strong effects from climate change, there is an increasing focus on plant-based proteins. Givaudan’s mission is to bridge the gap between animal and plant protein by providing flavours with a real meaty taste.
Plant based foods for a better tomorrow, Sustainable Foods Summit, San Franci...Givaudan
In a world with a growing population, scarce resources, and strong effects from climate change, there is an increasing focus on plant-based proteins. Givaudan’s mission is to bridge the gap between animal and plant protein by providing flavours with a real meaty taste.
- Employed primary research, secondary research, and marketing skills to come up with the most effective way to generate awareness about the Impossible Foods burger to college students
What Is Complete And Balanced Nutrition For DogsHilary Watson
Presentation describing the 36 essential nutrients for dogs and the research and regulatory bodies that define them. Explains why complete and balanced nutrition should be the goal of all dog owners.
Impact.tech: Opportunities in Plant-based Food Technologies by Liz SpechtImpact.Tech
Slides from the Impact.tech seminar on Opportunities in Plant-based Food Technologies. The seminar was taught by Liz Specht, a Senior Scientist with the Good Food Institute. The Good Food Institute is a non-profit organization advancing plant-based and clean meat food technology.
The plant-based foods sector has experienced tremendous growth and innovation as plant-based alternatives to animal products are increasingly adopted into the diets of mainstream consumers seeking healthier or more sustainable options. These products have come a long way in replicating the taste, texture, and mouthfeel of their animal-based counterparts. However, there is still ample room for food technology and product development to enable greater inroads into mainstream markets. The seminar discussed opportunities all across the product development pipeline - from genetic mapping to develop better plant protein crop strains, to novel protein isolation and functionalization methods, to mechanical processing and formulation to better replicate the structure and flavor of meat.
Alternative proteins could substitute traditional proteins, if production cost can be substantially reduced. Cell-based protein production replicates the processes that occur inside a living animal to produce meat. In precision fermentation, gene-edited microbes can make a wide range of organic molecules, such as protein. Swine and ruminants are more susceptible to disruption than poultry, as their easy-to-substitute mince products make up a higher share of value, while substitution of animal-based proteins also opens up new growth platforms, as growing world population still need proteins, albeit from different sources
Kraft spent $540 million on domestic ads last year, and Heinz spent more than $40 million. The combined figure is expected to drop—and be spread among fewer agencies—as the conglomerate strives for greater efficiency.
Indian Veterinary Market Current Situation & Future Prospects:_The Indian animal healthcare market, which is valued at approximately Rs.35500 million in FY2015 and showed a strong growth of 9 percent over 2014, at a CAGR of 8 percent from the period FY’2011 to FY’2015 on account of improving high yielding cattle, pet’s owner’s awareness and professionalization of poultry industry in the country. Indian veterinary pharmaceutical market is growing at 8 per cent to 11 per cent, a faster rate than the global veterinary market.
Pharmaceuticals represent the leading category and encompass anti-invectives, parasitic ides and other drugs which constitute 46 percent of market share followed by medicinal feed additive is 26 percent, biological and bio-security (preventive products) constitute 28 percent, major share of these products from poultry sector, Products emphasizing prevention continue to record strong market growth, including biological. There are currently no statutory guidelines and stringent regulations for manufacturing the medicinal feed additives in India.
The animal health care market in the world has grown remarkably over the past few years due to the growth in the emerging markets such as China, India, Indonesia, Thailand, Malaysia and Taiwan followed by US and Europe. The animal health industry’s SWOT analysis provides animal health solutions to society depends on its in-depth knowledge of both cutting-edge technologies and classical veterinary science to innovate and keep up with the animal and human health challenges of new and emerging diseases. The main finding of this project indicates India is one of the important markets and can be seen as a key growth area in global animal health care industry.
- The Indian animal healthcare industry is responsible for maintaining the health and productivity of the over 640 million livestock and 2 billion poultry in India and ensuring the wholesomeness and abundance of the food they produce. Apart from, the industry must also cater to the health and well being of companion animals. Despite this, the global animal healthcare market is 50 times larger than the Indian animal healthcare combined market for all nonhuman species. In spite of this India’s largest milk and 3rd largest meat producer, and blessed with largest cattle population 20% of the world population, and largest buffalo more than 50% of the world. Veterinary Pharmaceutical is yet not considered as big industry as compared to Human Pharmaceutical. The reality is that the global animal health market is very complex, operating under stringent and increasingly strict regulations similar to those for human health, yet the market opportunities are considerably smaller. In an increasingly risky environment for new product development and innovation, the difference between success and failure in the future usually lies in successfully identifying the next growth segment, developing the right product candidates and being the first to market. The situation in developing countries like India is varied and economic and institutional framework of the live stock is often quite different in several respects to that encounter in developed world.
A challenging aspect of the overall market is within the animal food industry as consumers continue to express concern about the conditions under which their daily food is produced. Indian consumers are becoming more health conscious, willing to pay any amount and demanding healthy and balanced diets. By implementing a feeding plan that provides vitamins and supplements, consumers enjoy additional nutritional benefits. Additionally, healthy feeding results in minimized impact on the environment.
Worked in a team of five to design an advertising campaign for Bare Snacks. Conducted primary and secondary research to develop a big idea for our campaign based off our marketing objectives and goals. Designed creative executions for print advertisements and adaptations for television, Internet, social media, and out-of-home.
- Employed primary research, secondary research, and marketing skills to come up with the most effective way to generate awareness about the Impossible Foods burger to college students
What Is Complete And Balanced Nutrition For DogsHilary Watson
Presentation describing the 36 essential nutrients for dogs and the research and regulatory bodies that define them. Explains why complete and balanced nutrition should be the goal of all dog owners.
Impact.tech: Opportunities in Plant-based Food Technologies by Liz SpechtImpact.Tech
Slides from the Impact.tech seminar on Opportunities in Plant-based Food Technologies. The seminar was taught by Liz Specht, a Senior Scientist with the Good Food Institute. The Good Food Institute is a non-profit organization advancing plant-based and clean meat food technology.
The plant-based foods sector has experienced tremendous growth and innovation as plant-based alternatives to animal products are increasingly adopted into the diets of mainstream consumers seeking healthier or more sustainable options. These products have come a long way in replicating the taste, texture, and mouthfeel of their animal-based counterparts. However, there is still ample room for food technology and product development to enable greater inroads into mainstream markets. The seminar discussed opportunities all across the product development pipeline - from genetic mapping to develop better plant protein crop strains, to novel protein isolation and functionalization methods, to mechanical processing and formulation to better replicate the structure and flavor of meat.
Alternative proteins could substitute traditional proteins, if production cost can be substantially reduced. Cell-based protein production replicates the processes that occur inside a living animal to produce meat. In precision fermentation, gene-edited microbes can make a wide range of organic molecules, such as protein. Swine and ruminants are more susceptible to disruption than poultry, as their easy-to-substitute mince products make up a higher share of value, while substitution of animal-based proteins also opens up new growth platforms, as growing world population still need proteins, albeit from different sources
Kraft spent $540 million on domestic ads last year, and Heinz spent more than $40 million. The combined figure is expected to drop—and be spread among fewer agencies—as the conglomerate strives for greater efficiency.
Indian Veterinary Market Current Situation & Future Prospects:_The Indian animal healthcare market, which is valued at approximately Rs.35500 million in FY2015 and showed a strong growth of 9 percent over 2014, at a CAGR of 8 percent from the period FY’2011 to FY’2015 on account of improving high yielding cattle, pet’s owner’s awareness and professionalization of poultry industry in the country. Indian veterinary pharmaceutical market is growing at 8 per cent to 11 per cent, a faster rate than the global veterinary market.
Pharmaceuticals represent the leading category and encompass anti-invectives, parasitic ides and other drugs which constitute 46 percent of market share followed by medicinal feed additive is 26 percent, biological and bio-security (preventive products) constitute 28 percent, major share of these products from poultry sector, Products emphasizing prevention continue to record strong market growth, including biological. There are currently no statutory guidelines and stringent regulations for manufacturing the medicinal feed additives in India.
The animal health care market in the world has grown remarkably over the past few years due to the growth in the emerging markets such as China, India, Indonesia, Thailand, Malaysia and Taiwan followed by US and Europe. The animal health industry’s SWOT analysis provides animal health solutions to society depends on its in-depth knowledge of both cutting-edge technologies and classical veterinary science to innovate and keep up with the animal and human health challenges of new and emerging diseases. The main finding of this project indicates India is one of the important markets and can be seen as a key growth area in global animal health care industry.
- The Indian animal healthcare industry is responsible for maintaining the health and productivity of the over 640 million livestock and 2 billion poultry in India and ensuring the wholesomeness and abundance of the food they produce. Apart from, the industry must also cater to the health and well being of companion animals. Despite this, the global animal healthcare market is 50 times larger than the Indian animal healthcare combined market for all nonhuman species. In spite of this India’s largest milk and 3rd largest meat producer, and blessed with largest cattle population 20% of the world population, and largest buffalo more than 50% of the world. Veterinary Pharmaceutical is yet not considered as big industry as compared to Human Pharmaceutical. The reality is that the global animal health market is very complex, operating under stringent and increasingly strict regulations similar to those for human health, yet the market opportunities are considerably smaller. In an increasingly risky environment for new product development and innovation, the difference between success and failure in the future usually lies in successfully identifying the next growth segment, developing the right product candidates and being the first to market. The situation in developing countries like India is varied and economic and institutional framework of the live stock is often quite different in several respects to that encounter in developed world.
A challenging aspect of the overall market is within the animal food industry as consumers continue to express concern about the conditions under which their daily food is produced. Indian consumers are becoming more health conscious, willing to pay any amount and demanding healthy and balanced diets. By implementing a feeding plan that provides vitamins and supplements, consumers enjoy additional nutritional benefits. Additionally, healthy feeding results in minimized impact on the environment.
Worked in a team of five to design an advertising campaign for Bare Snacks. Conducted primary and secondary research to develop a big idea for our campaign based off our marketing objectives and goals. Designed creative executions for print advertisements and adaptations for television, Internet, social media, and out-of-home.
Pet owners are often confused by the scientific jargon that is on the pet food labels. In this presentation,Ken Lambrecht, an AAHA veterinarian from Madison, Wisconsin helps make it easier to pick the good foods from the not as good (and sometimes the bad!)
Top 10 pet food safety & quality concerns in 2012Ken Lambrecht
Pet owners and their veterinarians need to work together and be better informed now more than ever in light of recent Diamond (and co-brands) salmonella recalls to keep our pets healthy & safe. We need better pet food, treat & supplement labeling so we can all make better decisions for our beloved pets.
5 myths you should know about dog and cat foodsTom Musbach
Webinar on dog and cat nutrition featuring Dr. Roger Welton, a veterinarian on Pearl.com.
The slide show addresses common myths and offers tips for selecting the right pet food.
Advance Protein Powder (APP), created by Advance International, Inc., is a high quality, all natural, marine-based protein powder, which is highly stable, virtually odorless and tasteless and has a nutritional profile superior to other quality protein powders on the market. APP is made using a patent-pending manufacturing process that is both green and sustainable. This report presents an overview of the health benefits of Advance Protein Powder with a comparison of the two most common protein supplement products available: whey and soy.
Foods are essential for living. In this modern world,the consumption of processed foods are increasing day by day and nutritious natural foods are going down.We all know,the adulteration involved with foods nowadays and there are numerous controversies related to foods that are consumed everyday. Here,I have discussed few of such controversies regarding foods especially "Meats" being highly consumed all over the world. I hope this presentation enlightens you with new informations.
nutrient requirement of dogs
vegetable diet of dogs
non veg diet for dogs
care and management of dogs
dogs Calculation of Energy requirements in Dogs
Dog protein requirement depends on stage of life and activity of dogs.
Puppies need more protein than adult dogs.
Protein needs of a puppy can be met by a high quality protein providing 20 to 25% of dietary calories.
Severe protein deficiency in dogs results in poor food intake, growth retardation or weight loss, muscle wasting, emaciation & death.
Less severe deficiency, causes a rough & dull hair coat, compromised immune system & poor milk production in reproducing bitches.
During periods of stress, the protein requirement may be increased.
If diets containing more protein than required, extra protein metabolized & used for energy.
COMMON FEEDSTUFF USED FOR DOGS
Meat and meat by-products
Raw lean meat: Contain water 70-67%, protein 20-22% & fat 2-9%, it is also a good source of minerals.
Offal meat: Include liver, kidney and spleen, meat but nutrient content is variable, low in calcium, adverse Ca:P ratio (1:15 to 1:30) however, liver is a good source of Vitamin A, D & B Complex with good quality protein.
Fish: fish has 5-18% fat & has good quality protein, high iodine content & better Ca:P ratio.
Green leafy vegetables: Like Cabbage, cauliflower have high water and
fibre content, are good source of B vitamin, however cooking destroys it.
Roots and tubers: Includes potatoes, carrots, turnip, tapioca, rich in starch and can be cooked and fed.
Leguminous vegetables: Rich in protein, good source of B complex vitamin but anti nutritional factors like Trypsin inhibitors, Heamagglutinin are present in some of them but are destroyed by heat treatment.
Dry foods (biscuits, mixtures & meal or flakes) are available for different physiological status.
May be complete food or complementary food, formulated as mixers intended for feeding as part of the diet with protein rich foods such as fish meats, fish.
They are generally rich in carbohydrates.
Crude fat content is 5-10% on dry basis.
Mixtures are generally cereal based with very little protein concentrates may or may not be supplemented with minerals / vitamins.
Have long shelf- life provided properly stored.
The concentration of nutrients is high and feed intake is less.
Digestibility is acceptable but less than semi-moist or canned foods.
The main disadvantage of the dry food is that they are much less palatable than moist foods.
Cats may accept extruded biscuit forms but not meals or flakes.
Feeding of companion animals with commercial foods are not popular for economic reasons in developing countries.
Pets are fed with home made foods or left overs of food consumed in a family.
So, essential to ensure that the dietary nutrient requirements are met through such feeding practice.
Judicious inclusion of supplemental nutrients, deficit in the home made or
left over food can over come nutritional deficiency disorders & support healthier.
Our DNA: Private Labels for All Pets including dry dog and cat food, wild bir...Annemette Reinholt Skou
Visit Vital Petfood Group:
At PLMA in Amsterdam on 24-25 May 2016: Food Section, Hall 1, Stand 4901.
At Interzoo in Nürnberg on 26-29 May 2016: Hall 4A stand 320.
Determine your personal energy needs by understanding the components of nutrition, learn to make healthier meal choices, and ensure you are getting the proper amounts of nutrients in your diet.
Similar to Myths and Misperceptions- Pet Food Ingredients (20)
This pdf is about the Schizophrenia.
For more details visit on YouTube; @SELF-EXPLANATORY;
https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCAiarMZDNhe1A3Rnpr_WkzA/videos
Thanks...!
Richard's entangled aventures in wonderlandRichard Gill
Since the loophole-free Bell experiments of 2020 and the Nobel prizes in physics of 2022, critics of Bell's work have retreated to the fortress of super-determinism. Now, super-determinism is a derogatory word - it just means "determinism". Palmer, Hance and Hossenfelder argue that quantum mechanics and determinism are not incompatible, using a sophisticated mathematical construction based on a subtle thinning of allowed states and measurements in quantum mechanics, such that what is left appears to make Bell's argument fail, without altering the empirical predictions of quantum mechanics. I think however that it is a smoke screen, and the slogan "lost in math" comes to my mind. I will discuss some other recent disproofs of Bell's theorem using the language of causality based on causal graphs. Causal thinking is also central to law and justice. I will mention surprising connections to my work on serial killer nurse cases, in particular the Dutch case of Lucia de Berk and the current UK case of Lucy Letby.
Professional air quality monitoring systems provide immediate, on-site data for analysis, compliance, and decision-making.
Monitor common gases, weather parameters, particulates.
Multi-source connectivity as the driver of solar wind variability in the heli...Sérgio Sacani
The ambient solar wind that flls the heliosphere originates from multiple
sources in the solar corona and is highly structured. It is often described
as high-speed, relatively homogeneous, plasma streams from coronal
holes and slow-speed, highly variable, streams whose source regions are
under debate. A key goal of ESA/NASA’s Solar Orbiter mission is to identify
solar wind sources and understand what drives the complexity seen in the
heliosphere. By combining magnetic feld modelling and spectroscopic
techniques with high-resolution observations and measurements, we show
that the solar wind variability detected in situ by Solar Orbiter in March
2022 is driven by spatio-temporal changes in the magnetic connectivity to
multiple sources in the solar atmosphere. The magnetic feld footpoints
connected to the spacecraft moved from the boundaries of a coronal hole
to one active region (12961) and then across to another region (12957). This
is refected in the in situ measurements, which show the transition from fast
to highly Alfvénic then to slow solar wind that is disrupted by the arrival of
a coronal mass ejection. Our results describe solar wind variability at 0.5 au
but are applicable to near-Earth observatories.
Observation of Io’s Resurfacing via Plume Deposition Using Ground-based Adapt...Sérgio Sacani
Since volcanic activity was first discovered on Io from Voyager images in 1979, changes
on Io’s surface have been monitored from both spacecraft and ground-based telescopes.
Here, we present the highest spatial resolution images of Io ever obtained from a groundbased telescope. These images, acquired by the SHARK-VIS instrument on the Large
Binocular Telescope, show evidence of a major resurfacing event on Io’s trailing hemisphere. When compared to the most recent spacecraft images, the SHARK-VIS images
show that a plume deposit from a powerful eruption at Pillan Patera has covered part
of the long-lived Pele plume deposit. Although this type of resurfacing event may be common on Io, few have been detected due to the rarity of spacecraft visits and the previously low spatial resolution available from Earth-based telescopes. The SHARK-VIS instrument ushers in a new era of high resolution imaging of Io’s surface using adaptive
optics at visible wavelengths.
Slide 1: Title Slide
Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Slide 2: Introduction to Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Definition: Extrachromosomal inheritance refers to the transmission of genetic material that is not found within the nucleus.
Key Components: Involves genes located in mitochondria, chloroplasts, and plasmids.
Slide 3: Mitochondrial Inheritance
Mitochondria: Organelles responsible for energy production.
Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA): Circular DNA molecule found in mitochondria.
Inheritance Pattern: Maternally inherited, meaning it is passed from mothers to all their offspring.
Diseases: Examples include Leber’s hereditary optic neuropathy (LHON) and mitochondrial myopathy.
Slide 4: Chloroplast Inheritance
Chloroplasts: Organelles responsible for photosynthesis in plants.
Chloroplast DNA (cpDNA): Circular DNA molecule found in chloroplasts.
Inheritance Pattern: Often maternally inherited in most plants, but can vary in some species.
Examples: Variegation in plants, where leaf color patterns are determined by chloroplast DNA.
Slide 5: Plasmid Inheritance
Plasmids: Small, circular DNA molecules found in bacteria and some eukaryotes.
Features: Can carry antibiotic resistance genes and can be transferred between cells through processes like conjugation.
Significance: Important in biotechnology for gene cloning and genetic engineering.
Slide 6: Mechanisms of Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Non-Mendelian Patterns: Do not follow Mendel’s laws of inheritance.
Cytoplasmic Segregation: During cell division, organelles like mitochondria and chloroplasts are randomly distributed to daughter cells.
Heteroplasmy: Presence of more than one type of organellar genome within a cell, leading to variation in expression.
Slide 7: Examples of Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Four O’clock Plant (Mirabilis jalapa): Shows variegated leaves due to different cpDNA in leaf cells.
Petite Mutants in Yeast: Result from mutations in mitochondrial DNA affecting respiration.
Slide 8: Importance of Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Evolution: Provides insight into the evolution of eukaryotic cells.
Medicine: Understanding mitochondrial inheritance helps in diagnosing and treating mitochondrial diseases.
Agriculture: Chloroplast inheritance can be used in plant breeding and genetic modification.
Slide 9: Recent Research and Advances
Gene Editing: Techniques like CRISPR-Cas9 are being used to edit mitochondrial and chloroplast DNA.
Therapies: Development of mitochondrial replacement therapy (MRT) for preventing mitochondrial diseases.
Slide 10: Conclusion
Summary: Extrachromosomal inheritance involves the transmission of genetic material outside the nucleus and plays a crucial role in genetics, medicine, and biotechnology.
Future Directions: Continued research and technological advancements hold promise for new treatments and applications.
Slide 11: Questions and Discussion
Invite Audience: Open the floor for any questions or further discussion on the topic.
A brief information about the SCOP protein database used in bioinformatics.
The Structural Classification of Proteins (SCOP) database is a comprehensive and authoritative resource for the structural and evolutionary relationships of proteins. It provides a detailed and curated classification of protein structures, grouping them into families, superfamilies, and folds based on their structural and sequence similarities.
Comparing Evolved Extractive Text Summary Scores of Bidirectional Encoder Rep...University of Maribor
Slides from:
11th International Conference on Electrical, Electronics and Computer Engineering (IcETRAN), Niš, 3-6 June 2024
Track: Artificial Intelligence
https://www.etran.rs/2024/en/home-english/
Cancer cell metabolism: special Reference to Lactate PathwayAADYARAJPANDEY1
Normal Cell Metabolism:
Cellular respiration describes the series of steps that cells use to break down sugar and other chemicals to get the energy we need to function.
Energy is stored in the bonds of glucose and when glucose is broken down, much of that energy is released.
Cell utilize energy in the form of ATP.
The first step of respiration is called glycolysis. In a series of steps, glycolysis breaks glucose into two smaller molecules - a chemical called pyruvate. A small amount of ATP is formed during this process.
Most healthy cells continue the breakdown in a second process, called the Kreb's cycle. The Kreb's cycle allows cells to “burn” the pyruvates made in glycolysis to get more ATP.
The last step in the breakdown of glucose is called oxidative phosphorylation (Ox-Phos).
It takes place in specialized cell structures called mitochondria. This process produces a large amount of ATP. Importantly, cells need oxygen to complete oxidative phosphorylation.
If a cell completes only glycolysis, only 2 molecules of ATP are made per glucose. However, if the cell completes the entire respiration process (glycolysis - Kreb's - oxidative phosphorylation), about 36 molecules of ATP are created, giving it much more energy to use.
IN CANCER CELL:
Unlike healthy cells that "burn" the entire molecule of sugar to capture a large amount of energy as ATP, cancer cells are wasteful.
Cancer cells only partially break down sugar molecules. They overuse the first step of respiration, glycolysis. They frequently do not complete the second step, oxidative phosphorylation.
This results in only 2 molecules of ATP per each glucose molecule instead of the 36 or so ATPs healthy cells gain. As a result, cancer cells need to use a lot more sugar molecules to get enough energy to survive.
Unlike healthy cells that "burn" the entire molecule of sugar to capture a large amount of energy as ATP, cancer cells are wasteful.
Cancer cells only partially break down sugar molecules. They overuse the first step of respiration, glycolysis. They frequently do not complete the second step, oxidative phosphorylation.
This results in only 2 molecules of ATP per each glucose molecule instead of the 36 or so ATPs healthy cells gain. As a result, cancer cells need to use a lot more sugar molecules to get enough energy to survive.
introduction to WARBERG PHENOMENA:
WARBURG EFFECT Usually, cancer cells are highly glycolytic (glucose addiction) and take up more glucose than do normal cells from outside.
Otto Heinrich Warburg (; 8 October 1883 – 1 August 1970) In 1931 was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology for his "discovery of the nature and mode of action of the respiratory enzyme.
WARNBURG EFFECT : cancer cells under aerobic (well-oxygenated) conditions to metabolize glucose to lactate (aerobic glycolysis) is known as the Warburg effect. Warburg made the observation that tumor slices consume glucose and secrete lactate at a higher rate than normal tissues.
2. 1. Pet owners are concerned about the ingredients.
2. Ingredients should be selected for their nutrient content
3. Finished product also depends on processing and cooking
KEY POINTS
3. Lots of folks think, “Oh my gosh there’s chemicals in my food!
I’m here to tell you that food is made of chemicals, that’s the
way it’s made here on planet earth. Everything is a chemical”-
Dr. Nathan Myhrvold
Why are chemicals included?
Are actually essential vitamins and minerals
Meat byproducts are scary
Organs and other nutritious parts
Too many believe what they read on the internet despite peer
reviewed published data
PET OWNERS DO NOT WANT CHEMICALS
4. AAFCO- Voluntary charged by law to regulate the sale and
distribution of animal feed
Nutritional claims, acceptable ingredients
Animal digest- highly palatable protein
BHA- Butylated Hydroxyanisole Antioxidant
Brewer rice- broken grains
Meat byproducts- protein source of organ meats, scrap meat,
bone, blood, and fatty tissue----which do not include hair, hide,
horns, hooves, teeth, or intestinal content!
Menadione Sodium- Vitamin K
Tocopherols- Natural source Vitamin E
TBHQ- Tertiary butyl hydroquinone
Whole Grain- bran, germ, and endosperm
COMMONLY USED INGREDIENT TERMS
5. Why?
1. Often called a “filler”
2. Quality of grains are questioned
3. Grain can manifest as allergies
GRAIN FREE PET FOOD
6. Good carbohydrate source
75% starch
6-10% protein
4% fat
7% fiber
Legal definition of filler is little to no nutritional value
WHOLE CORN
7. Abnormal reaction to a normal food or ingredient
Signs:
GI or dermatologic or both
Vast majority are to the proteins or glycoproteins
ALLERGIES AND GRAINS
8. MOST COMMON FOOD ALLERGENS FOR
DOGS AND CATS
Beef- 36% Beef- 20%
Dairy-28% Dairy -14.6%
Wheat- 15% Fish- 13%
Egg-10% Lamb- 6.7%
Chicken 9.6% Poultry- 4.5%
Lamb 6.6% Barley/Wheat- 4.5%
Soy 6%
Dog Cat
Verlinden A, Hesta M, Millet S, et al. Food allergy in dogs and cats: a review.
9. Needed in a form of glucose for the brain, nervous tissues,
and RBC.
If not provided you have de novo gluconeogenesis from amino
acids and glycerol backbone of triglycerides.
ARE CARBOHYDRATES A DIETARY
REQUIREMENT FOR CATS AND DOGS?
10. Not necessarily low in dietary carbohydrates
Other sources of carbohydrates
Potatoes
Beans
Tapioca
Peas
GRAIN FREE DIETS
11. Can they digest carbohydrates?
Both cats and dogs lack salivary amylase
Both have pancreatic amylase, and have intestinal
disaccharides
Dietary carbohydrates/simple sugars, starches, fiber
Proper processing is crucial
Poorly digestible carbohydrates or an overload of simple sugars may
induce adverse changes in intestinal metabolism. True for cats given
25-40% sugar or starches
CATS ARE CARNIVORES
12. Pet owners are concerned about the meaning, content, and
source
Lack of understanding may confuse pet owners, and they
perceive that these are poor quality ingredients
Consists of edible parts and organs such as; heart, lungs, liver, meat
trimmings, and bone
Do not include hair, hide, horns, hooves, teeth, or intestinal content
May actually provide more nutritional benefits
Many are considered a delicacy in other cultures
MEAT AND POULTRY BY PRODUCTS
13. May greatly influence the quality of protein produced
Can affect protein digestibility of finished pet food
Pet food companies contract with specific supplier for
consistent quality
Those affiliated with USDA inspected plants receive animal
products only from those facilities
Urban legend is that pet foods contain rendered remains of pets
RENDERING
14. Rendering is recycling
A secret no more
Good for animal health
Rendering is sustainable
Clean and safe
Consumers can have confidence
Volume in/quality out 56B # raw10B # fats and 9B#protein
RENDERING FACTS
15. Quality is determined
By amino acid composition
Digestibility
Ability to meet amino acid requirements
Example- Soy protein provides 100% of essential amino acids,
but is deficient in methionine and scores lower.
By mixing proteins in a diet, the finished product can provide
excellent protein quality, even though individual components
have limitations
ANIMAL VS VEGETABLE PROTEIN
16. Raw food diets suggests that cooking decreases nutritional
value and destroying inherent enzymes.
Natural enzymes add little, if any, value to digestibility
Are not specialized and do not help digestion
Grains benefit from cooking
Cooking increases digestibility between 14-208%
Carmody RN, Wrangham RW. The energetic significance of cooking.
EFFECT COOKING HAS ON QUALITY AND
DIGESTIBILITY
17. Effect on nutrient quality and digestibility can vary with type
of cooking method, temperature, time, and moisture.
Extrusion uses a combination of:
Moisture (25-35%)
Temperature between 100 and 150C
Pressure 20-30 bars
Mechanical sheer (0.5- 5 minutes)
Correct extrusion favors higher retention of amino acids,
protein and starch digestibility, decreased lipid oxidation,
higher retention of vitamins.
Extrusion denatures undesirable enzymes such as: trypsin
inhibitors and phytates. Sterilizes the finished product
EXTRUSION COOKING
18. Pyridoxine hydrochloride- Vitamin B6
Menadione sodium bisulfite- Vitamin K
Copper Proteinate- Dietary copper
40+ essential nutrients that dogs and cats need
Tocopherols or vitamin E- natural antioxidant
BHA, TBHQ or ethoxyquin- synthetic antioxidant
Without antioxidants essential fatty acids become oxidized or
rancid and nutritional value is destroyed
PET OWNERS MAY NOT RECOGNIZE
19. Pet parents want transparency and trust
Pet specialty rules:
3278 new pet food products introduced in to the US in 2015, Maria
Lange Business Group Director for GFK
Sustainability is a main concept
Pet food purchasing patterns are related to the type and
amount of protein content
TRANSPARENCY
21. Pets require specific nutrients not specific ingredients
Pet food manufacturers formulate diets to be complete and
balanced
Ingredients should be selected for nutrient content, as well as
impact for palatability, digestibility, and consumer
preferences.
Finished product also depends on processing and cooking
SUMMARY
Editor's Notes
Fatty acids, protein, essential amino acids, fiber, and minerals
