Myrothecium leaf spot of cotton
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Myrothecium leaf spot is a fungal disease first observed in cotton fields in Brazil, causing up to 60% yield reduction. It presents as reddish spots on leaf margins that develop into lesions with concentric necrotic rings. The pathogen, Myrothecium roridum, was isolated from infected cotton and soybean leaves. Studies found the maximum disease development at 25°C with 84.7% average humidity. Spread occurs from conidia in infected fallen leaves. Management includes removing infected plant parts, applying biocontrol agents like Trichoderma harzianum and Pseudomonas fluorescens, and spraying fungicides like mancozeb, propiconazole, or salicylic
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2. It describes the symptoms, etiology, disease cycle and favorable conditions for each disease. Management strategies provided for each include using disease-free seeds, removing weed hosts, proper fertilizer use, crop rotation, resistant varieties,
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This document summarizes several diseases that affect greater yam, including anthracnose caused by Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, various viruses transmitted by aphids such as yam mosaic virus, and the storage disease dry rot caused by Botryodiplodia theobromae. It provides details on the symptoms, pathogens, and management strategies for these important diseases of greater yam.
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This document summarizes the major diseases that affect aonla (Indian gooseberry) plants. It discusses 6 key diseases: 1) Rust caused by fungi that form rust-colored pustules on leaves and fruits, 2) Sooty mold which is a black fungal growth on plant surfaces fueled by insect honeydew, 3) Blue mold caused by Penicillium citrinum that rots fruits, 4) Anthracnose caused by Colletotrichum gloeosporioides that forms lesions on leaves and fruits, 5) Soft rot caused by Phomopsis phyllanthi that causes brown lesions and deforms fruits, and 6) Black soft rot caused by Syncephalastrum
Bacterial leaf blight of rice
bacterial leaf blight of rice
Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae.
epidemiology, Symptoms and management.
Post harvest diseases of citrus and garlic
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ANTHRACNOSE OF POMEGRANATE
Pomegranate anthracnose is caused by the fungus Colletotrichum gleosporioides. It causes spotting and rotting of pomegranate fruits, reducing both price and quality. The fungus is found worldwide in tropical regions and spreads via infected leaves and wind-borne spores. High temperatures and humidity provide favorable conditions for growth of the pathogen. Chemical management includes fungicide sprays while biological control uses competitive fungi.
Cotton sucking Insect pests and Integrated management.pdf
Cotton sucking pests are a group of insects that feed on the sap of cotton plants, causing damage to the crops and reducing yield. These pests can include aphids, whiteflies, and leafhoppers, among others. They use their piercing-sucking mouthparts to extract nutrients from the plant tissues, particularly from the leaves, stems, and buds of cotton plants.
Aphids are small, soft-bodied insects that can be green, black, brown, or pink in color. They reproduce rapidly, and their populations can quickly build up on cotton plants, leading to stunted growth and distorted leaves. Whiteflies are tiny insects with white wings that resemble tiny moths. They often gather on the undersides of leaves and can cause yellowing, wilting, and premature leaf drop. Leafhoppers are small, wedge-shaped insects that can transmit diseases to cotton plants while feeding.
These pests not only directly damage the cotton plants by feeding on them but can also transmit viruses and diseases, further compromising the health and yield of the crop.
Anthracnose of green gram
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Sheath Rot of Rice
This PPT describes about the Sheath Rot disease of Rice,it's Symptoms, pathogenic organisms, disease cycle, Management strategies(preventive, cultural, botanical and chemical methods) and a Self evaluation questions.
Cowpea diseases Sanag University
This document lists and describes 10 common cowpea diseases: seedling mortality, anthracnose, pythium stem rot, sclerotium stem rot, fusarium wilt, brown rust, black spot, powdery mildew, bacterial blight, and cowpea mosaic virus. It provides details on the causal agents, symptoms, spread, and potential controls for each disease.
Diseases of Sugarcane
1. The document describes 6 major diseases that affect sugarcane: red rot, smut, wilt, grassy shoot, ratoon stunting, and Pokkah Boeng.
2. It provides details on the causal organisms, symptoms, disease cycle, and management strategies for each disease.
3. The management strategies discussed include cultural practices like using disease-free seed, crop rotation and resistant varieties, physical practices like rogueing of infected plants, and chemical control using pesticides and fungicides.
Brinjal pathology
This document provides information on several diseases that affect brinjal crops including: Phomopsis blight caused by Phomopsis vexans, damping off caused by Phytophthera and Alternaria species, Alternaria leaf spot caused by Alternaria melongenae, bacterial wilt caused by Pseudomonas solanacearum, little leaf of brinjal caused by Candidatus Phytoplasma trifoli, Cercospora leaf spot caused by Cercospora solani-melongenae, and collar rot caused by Sclerotium rolfsii. It describes the symptoms, causal organisms, mode of spread and survival, and management practices for each disease.
Diseases of Guava
This document provides information on diseases that affect guava plants. It discusses the symptoms, characteristics, and management of major diseases like Fusarium wilt caused by the fungus Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. psidii. It also covers other diseases such as fruit canker caused by Pestalotiopsis psidii, stem canker from Physalospora psidii, anthracnose from Gloeosporium psidii, and red rust from Cephaleuros virescens. It details the identification and environmental conditions that promote each disease, as well as cultural, biological and chemical control methods.
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Myrothecium leaf spot of cotton
- 1. Presented by Miss. SRUTHI A B B.Sc Agriculture
- 2. Name of the disease Myrothecium leaf spot ©http://:cotton.ces.ncsu.edu
- 3. Occurrence:© Brazil, Ecuador, Columbia, India, Pakistan, China. History: Myrothecium leaf spot was first observed on the fields in Maranhao State, Brazil, causing yield reduction upto 60%.
- 4. Symptoms: o Initially, reddish spots of 0.5mm to 1cm diameter may appear on the margin of the leaves. o Disease symptoms are lesions with concentric necrotic rings, with salient structures(sporodochia) irregularly distributed. o The affected portions fall off leaving irregular shot holes on the leaves. o The symptoms are observed on the petioles, bracts, leaves and bolls.
- 6. Isolation: o The pathogen was isolated and extracted in Potato- dextrose-agar medium. o Thirteen isolates of M. roridum were tested, which includes 8 from cotton and 5 from soyabean. o Fungal structures were evaluated by using light microscope with ocular micrometer. o The MA-75 was the most aggressive strain. o Spores from cotton isolates are 5,1µm × 1,5µm. o This is the first report on Myrothecium leaf spot from Brazilian cotton fields.
- 7. Pathogen: o Myrothecium roridum Tode ex Fr. o Conidia are hyalines due to dilute olivaceous, single- celled, abundantly produced in a dark green to black aggregate mass. o Spores from cotton isolates are 5,1µm × 1,5µm.
- 8. Systematic position: Kingdom: Fungi Division: Ascomycota Class: Sordariomycetes Order: Hypocreales Family: incertae sedis Genus: Myrothecium Species: M. roridum
- 9. Spread: Spread by the presence of conidia present in the infected fallen leaves.
- 10. Favourable condition: o In vitro studies show that the maximum disease development was reported at 25ºC±1 in both Bt cotton and non Bt cotton crops. o Average humidity: 84.7%. o Rain: 11.4mm. o pH : 6. o Heavy during June – October. o Dense crop canopy. o The leaf spot incidence increased with delay in sowing date at 15 days interval from 1-April to 1- june.
- 11. Disease management: Resistant varieties: No varieties released yet. Cultural management: Remove and destroy infected plant parts.
- 12. Biological management: By medicinal plant extract: Maximum inhibition ia obtained at 5% solvent extract of Datura metal followed by Alium sativum and Eucalyptus citriodora. By bioagent: Apply Trichoderma harzianum, Pseudomonas fluorescens.
- 13. Chemical management: o Spray Mancozeb or Copper oxychloride at 2kg/ha at the intimation of the disease. o Two to three sprays may be given at 15 days interval. o In vitro studies indicated that propiconazole and cobalt chloride at 100 and 1000 ppm conc gave 100 and 87.9% growth inhibotion of M. roridum. o Foliar spray of propiconazole and salicylic acid at 0.1% and 0.01 % effectively controls disease.