This study examined the effects of psyllium husk on HDL-cholesterol levels. Forty hyperlipidemic patients were divided into two groups - one group took 3 grams of psyllium husk daily for 3 months, while the other group took a placebo. The results showed that psyllium husk significantly increased HDL-cholesterol levels on average from 34.61 mg/dl to 36.77 mg/dl. In contrast, the placebo group showed a non-significant average increase from 35.50 mg/dl to 35.75 mg/dl. Therefore, this placebo-controlled study suggests that psyllium husk can effectively increase HDL-cholesterol levels and potentially reduce heart disease risk.
IOSR Journal of Pharmacy and Biological Sciences(IOSR-JPBS) is an open access international journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of Pharmacy and Biological Science. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications in Pharmacy and Biological Science. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications.
The effects of dietary fats on the risk of coronary artery disease (CAD) have traditionally
been estimated from their effects on LDL cholesterol. Fats, however, also affect HDL
cholesterol, and the ratio of total to HDL cholesterol is a more specific marker of CAD than is
LDL cholesterol. Hypolipidemic drugs and fruits can play a part to reduce LDL particles
decreasing chances of CAD development. This study was conducted to compare
hypolipidemic effects of Niacin and Jujube fruit in primary as well as secondary
hyperlipidemic patients. Study was conducted from November 2018 to February 2019 at
Jinnah Hospital Lahore. Sixty participants were enrolled of both gender male and female
patients age range from 20 to 70 years. Consent was taken from all patients. They were
divided in two groups. Group-I was advised to take 2 grams Niacin in divided doses for the
period of two months. Group-II was advised to take 500 grams of fruit Jujube daily for the
period of two months. Their baseline LDL and HDL cholesterol was determined by
conventional method of measuring Lipid Profile. After two months therapy, their post
treatment lipid profile was measured and mean values with ± SEM were analyzed
biostatistically. Group-I which was on Niacin their LDL cholesterol decreased significantly and
HDL cholesterol was increased significantly. In group-II patients LDL cholesterol was
decreased significantly but HDL increase was not significant with p-value of >0.05. It was
concluded from the research work that Niacin is potent in lowering LDL and increasing HDL
cholesterol, while Jujube has significant effect as LDL cholesterol lowering potential, but it
does not increase HDL cholesterol significantly.
Heart diseases due to hyperlipidemia (primary or secondary) can lead to cause chest pain, heart attacks,
strokes, cardiac arrhythmias, cardiac failure. Because of these risks, treatment is often recommended for people with
hyperlipidemia, because it is well known factor to increase incidence of heart diseases. This may lead to
development of atherosclerotic plaques which is major etiological factor for establishing coronary artery disease
(CAD). Hypolipidemic drugs used in allopathy include Statins, Fibric acids, Niacin, and Resins but all have their
low compliance due to frequent side effects. Medicinal herbs like Onion and Ginger are hypolipidemic agents
commonly used as flavoring agents and making foods spicy and tasty. We have compared hypolipidemic potential
between these two medicinal herbs. The study was conducted at Ghurki Trust teaching hospital, Lahore from
January to June 2018. Eighty secondary hyperlipidemic patients were enrolled after getting written consent which
was approved by Ethics committee of the hospital. They were divided in two equal groups comprising 40 patients in
each group. Group-I was treated by Ginger 10 grams daily in three divided doses for 2 months. Group-II was
advised to take Onion 200 grams daily in divided amount with each meal i.e.; breakfast, lunch, and dinner for two
months. After two months therapy it was observed by statistical analysis that 10 grams ginger reduced TC (total
cholesterol) of 38 hyperlipidemic patients 12.4 gm/dl and LDL-C (low density lipoprotein cholesterol) 27.3 mg/dl.
In group-II, onion reduced TC in 35 patients 17.9 mg/dl and LDL-C 14.8 mg/dl. Changes in tested parameters are
significant biostatistically with p-values <0.01 to <0.001. We concluded from this research work that Onion and
Ginger reduces risk of CAD by decreasing plasma total cholesterol and LDL cholesterol.
Project poweHypolipidemic activity of ethanolic and methanolic extracts of ec...kondamudiharikumar123
powerpoint regarding hypolipidemia and review of literature of echinochloa crus-galli and triton wr 1339 mode of action regarding hyperlipidemic levels
IOSR Journal of Pharmacy and Biological Sciences(IOSR-JPBS) is an open access international journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of Pharmacy and Biological Science. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications in Pharmacy and Biological Science. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications.
The effects of dietary fats on the risk of coronary artery disease (CAD) have traditionally
been estimated from their effects on LDL cholesterol. Fats, however, also affect HDL
cholesterol, and the ratio of total to HDL cholesterol is a more specific marker of CAD than is
LDL cholesterol. Hypolipidemic drugs and fruits can play a part to reduce LDL particles
decreasing chances of CAD development. This study was conducted to compare
hypolipidemic effects of Niacin and Jujube fruit in primary as well as secondary
hyperlipidemic patients. Study was conducted from November 2018 to February 2019 at
Jinnah Hospital Lahore. Sixty participants were enrolled of both gender male and female
patients age range from 20 to 70 years. Consent was taken from all patients. They were
divided in two groups. Group-I was advised to take 2 grams Niacin in divided doses for the
period of two months. Group-II was advised to take 500 grams of fruit Jujube daily for the
period of two months. Their baseline LDL and HDL cholesterol was determined by
conventional method of measuring Lipid Profile. After two months therapy, their post
treatment lipid profile was measured and mean values with ± SEM were analyzed
biostatistically. Group-I which was on Niacin their LDL cholesterol decreased significantly and
HDL cholesterol was increased significantly. In group-II patients LDL cholesterol was
decreased significantly but HDL increase was not significant with p-value of >0.05. It was
concluded from the research work that Niacin is potent in lowering LDL and increasing HDL
cholesterol, while Jujube has significant effect as LDL cholesterol lowering potential, but it
does not increase HDL cholesterol significantly.
Heart diseases due to hyperlipidemia (primary or secondary) can lead to cause chest pain, heart attacks,
strokes, cardiac arrhythmias, cardiac failure. Because of these risks, treatment is often recommended for people with
hyperlipidemia, because it is well known factor to increase incidence of heart diseases. This may lead to
development of atherosclerotic plaques which is major etiological factor for establishing coronary artery disease
(CAD). Hypolipidemic drugs used in allopathy include Statins, Fibric acids, Niacin, and Resins but all have their
low compliance due to frequent side effects. Medicinal herbs like Onion and Ginger are hypolipidemic agents
commonly used as flavoring agents and making foods spicy and tasty. We have compared hypolipidemic potential
between these two medicinal herbs. The study was conducted at Ghurki Trust teaching hospital, Lahore from
January to June 2018. Eighty secondary hyperlipidemic patients were enrolled after getting written consent which
was approved by Ethics committee of the hospital. They were divided in two equal groups comprising 40 patients in
each group. Group-I was treated by Ginger 10 grams daily in three divided doses for 2 months. Group-II was
advised to take Onion 200 grams daily in divided amount with each meal i.e.; breakfast, lunch, and dinner for two
months. After two months therapy it was observed by statistical analysis that 10 grams ginger reduced TC (total
cholesterol) of 38 hyperlipidemic patients 12.4 gm/dl and LDL-C (low density lipoprotein cholesterol) 27.3 mg/dl.
In group-II, onion reduced TC in 35 patients 17.9 mg/dl and LDL-C 14.8 mg/dl. Changes in tested parameters are
significant biostatistically with p-values <0.01 to <0.001. We concluded from this research work that Onion and
Ginger reduces risk of CAD by decreasing plasma total cholesterol and LDL cholesterol.
Project poweHypolipidemic activity of ethanolic and methanolic extracts of ec...kondamudiharikumar123
powerpoint regarding hypolipidemia and review of literature of echinochloa crus-galli and triton wr 1339 mode of action regarding hyperlipidemic levels
The global prevalence of obesity is increasing rapidly and high dietary fat intake is major risk factor for the development of obesity. The present study was taken undertaken to evaluate the effect of Argyreia Nervosa Burn.F leaf ethanol extract on serum lipid profile in Wistar male albino rat fed with high fat diet and to compare it with a standard hyperlipidemic drug Sibutramine (10mg/kg). Fifty four health Wistar albino male rats were randomized in to 9 groups of 6 animals each. The groups were followed as follows Group I: Sham operated Normal (Normal Diet), Group II: Control (High fat diet), Group III: Sibutramine 10 mg/kg + HFD, Group IV: EEAN (100mg/kg) + HFD, Group V: EEAN (200mg/kg) +HFD, Group VI: EEAN
(400mg/kg) + HFD, Remaining groups have received different types of extracts at various doses. Lipid profile in serum with high triglyceride (TG) and cholesterol levels were significantly reduced by treatment of 0.5g/day A. nervosa. The A. nervosa markedly lowers the levels of serum cholesterol and VLDL. The present investigation shows that all triton induced rats
displayed hyperlipidemia as shown by their elevated levels of serum and liver cholesterol, triglyceride, PL, VLDL, LDL and the reduction in the HDL level. It can be concluded that 0.5g/day of A. nervosa treatment was effective in reduction of cholesterol, PL, TG, VLDL, LDL and HDL in a dose dependant manner.
Quality of Life, Clinical Effectiveness and Satisfaction in Patient with Beta...Sunil Vadithya
Quality of Life, Clinical Effectiveness and Satisfaction in Patient with Beta Thalassemia Major and Sickel Cell Anemia Receiver Deferasirox Chelation Therapy
The IOSR Journal of Pharmacy (IOSRPHR) is an open access online & offline peer reviewed international journal, which publishes innovative research papers, reviews, mini-reviews, short communications and notes dealing with Pharmaceutical Sciences( Pharmaceutical Technology, Pharmaceutics, Biopharmaceutics, Pharmacokinetics, Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry, Computational Chemistry and Molecular Drug Design, Pharmacognosy & Phytochemistry, Pharmacology, Pharmaceutical Analysis, Pharmacy Practice, Clinical and Hospital Pharmacy, Cell Biology, Genomics and Proteomics, Pharmacogenomics, Bioinformatics and Biotechnology of Pharmaceutical Interest........more details on Aim & Scope).
All manuscripts are subject to rapid peer review. Those of high quality (not previously published and not under consideration for publication in another journal) will be published without delay.
ABSTRACT- This study was undertaken to evaluate the serum levels of Oxidant (MDA) & antioxidant (SOD & Vitamin E) and compare oxidative stress (MDA) level among normotensive and hypertensive subjects. Oxidative stress has been relationship with mechanisms of EH (essential hypertension). A total number of 70 subjects were taken including both sex (Men and Women) between the ages of 35-70 years taken in this study. Exclusion criteria were chronic diseases, alcohol consumer, obesity, smoking/tobacco consumer and current use of any medication. Antioxidant enzymes activity and lipid peroxidation (malondialdehyde) were determined in serum. In 70 subjects out of 35 were found as an controls normotensive individuals and the cases 35 hypertensive patients. Serum MDA levels were highly significantly elevated in hypertensive patients in compared to normotensive individuals (4.39±0.98 µmol/l vs 1.51±0.70µmol/l and p < 0.0001). SOD acts as an antioxidant was highly significantly decrease in hypertensive patients in compared to normotensive individuals (0.44±0.06U/mg protein/min vs 0.96±0.04 U/mg protein/min and p <0.0001).>< 0.001). These findings demonstrate the strong association of SOD and Vitamin E level decrease in hypertensive patients and by MDA level increase in hypertensive patients. Oxidative stress in hypertensive patients increasing over time may play a role in the improvement of atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease, should be considered in further research.
Key Words: Hypertensive, Normotensive individuals, MDA, SOD, Vitamin E
ANTIDIABETIC POTENTIAL OF MEMECYLON TERMINALE DALZ EXTRACTS IN ALLOXAN INDUCE...Jing Zang
Memecylon terminale Dalz is an endemic plant that is exclusively present in the Western Ghat region of Southern India. The traditional healers in this region have been using this plant extract to cure disorders such as dysentery, diabetes, diarrhea, piles, haemoptysis, menorrhagia and shown to possess carminative stomachic astringent property. The present study was carried out to evaluate the hypoglycemic activity of different extracts of M. terminale Dalz in alloxan induced diabetic rats. Chloroform and methanolic extracts of M. terminale Dalz leaves were screened for hypoglycemic activity in alloxan induced diabetes in Swiss albino rats. The lipid profile was also examined in diabetic rats administered with these extracts. The efficacy of these extracts was also analyzed for their ability to inhibit α-glucosidase and α-amylase. Of the two extracts, chloroform extract (500 mg/kg body weight) showed dose dependent decrease in blood glucose level which was comparable to that of control after 24 h of extract administration. On the other hand, chloroform extract also showed good lipid profile that was comparable with standard drug. As compared to chloroform extract, the methanolic extract showed good inhibition of α-amylase and α-glucosidase enzyme activity. The results of our study indicate that M. terminale Dalz plant possesses significant protective effects against alloxan induced diabetes. However, detailed structure function analysis of active ingredients of the extract is needed to be validated.
Antihyperglycemic and Anti-hyperlipidemic Effect of Herbamed, A Herbal Formul...CrimsonPublishersIOD
Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycemia and its occurrence is increasing fast in most of the countries. Herbal medicine derived from plant extracts have been utilized increasingly for the treatment of various disorders like diabetes mellitus. The present study was designed to evaluate the anti diabetic activity of ‘Herbamed’, a herbal formulation composed of Vernonia amygdalina, Ocimum gratissimum, Zingiber officinale and Allium sativum in alloxan-induced diabetic rats model.
Abstract Background: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) can cause insulin resistance (IR) and diabetes. Our previous studies have demonstrated that Jian-Gan-Xiao-Zhi decoction (JGXZ) could be effective for the treatment of NAFLD and IR. However, the possible mechanism underlying the effects of JGXZ on NAFLD and IR remains unknown. Methods: Fifty rats received a high-fat high-carbohydrate (HFHC) diet for 12 weeks to induce NAFLD. After 4 weeks of HFHC treatment, rats were orally treated with JGXZ (8, 16, and 32 g/kg weight) for 8 weeks. Ten rats in the control group received standard chow. In the positive control group, rats were orally treated with metformin (90 mg/kg weight) for 8 weeks. After JGXZ and metformin treatment, H&E staining was conducted on rat livers and serum biochemical markers, including alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), triglyceride (TG), and total cholesterol (TC), were measured using test kits. Moreover, a fasting blood glucose test and an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) were conducted. Serum levels of insulin were determined using ELISA kit, and the homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) was calculated. The levels of total insulin receptor substrate-1 (IRS1), AMP-activated protein kinase-α (AMPKα) and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) as well as the levels of phosphorylation of IRS1 (p-IRS1), phosphorylation of AMPK (p-AMPK) and phosphorylation of JNK (p-JNK) were measured using western blotting. Results: The body weights in JGXZ low-, middle-, and high-dose groups were lower than those in the model group (P < 0.05, P < 0.01, P < 0.01, respectively). The serum levels of AST (P < 0.05 in JGXZ middle- and high-dose groups), ALT (P < 0.01 in JGXZ middle-dose group and P < 0.05 in JGXZ high-dose group), TG (P < 0.01 in JGXZ middle- and high-dose groups), and TC (P < 0.01) upon JGXZ treatment were lower those than in NAFLD model rats. H&E staining showed that JGXZ treatment reduced steatosis of the hepatocytes in NAFLD model rats. JGXZ decreased the levels of fasting blood glucose (P < 0.01), HOMA-IR (P < 0.01), AUC (area under the curve) of the OGTT (P < 0.05) and p-IRS1 (P < 0.01 in JGXZ middle- and high-dose groups, P < 0.05 in JGXZ low-dose groups). Moreover, JGXZ regulated the hepatic AMPKα/JNK pathway in NAFLD model rats, which reflected the induction of p-AMPKα and inhibition of p-JNK. Conclusion: This study showed that JGXZ improved liver function and reduced steatosis of the hepatocytes in NAFLD model rats. Moreover, JGXZ improved IR in NAFLD model rats. The possible mechanism underlying the effects of JGXZ on NAFLD and IR involves the modulation of the AMPK/JNK pathway.
The IOSR Journal of Pharmacy (IOSRPHR) is an open access online & offline peer reviewed international journal, which publishes innovative research papers, reviews, mini-reviews, short communications and notes dealing with Pharmaceutical Sciences( Pharmaceutical Technology, Pharmaceutics, Biopharmaceutics, Pharmacokinetics, Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry, Computational Chemistry and Molecular Drug Design, Pharmacognosy & Phytochemistry, Pharmacology, Pharmaceutical Analysis, Pharmacy Practice, Clinical and Hospital Pharmacy, Cell Biology, Genomics and Proteomics, Pharmacogenomics, Bioinformatics and Biotechnology of Pharmaceutical Interest........more details on Aim & Scope).
All manuscripts are subject to rapid peer review. Those of high quality (not previously published and not under consideration for publication in another journal) will be published without delay.
The IOSR Journal of Pharmacy (IOSRPHR) is an open access online & offline peer reviewed international journal, which publishes innovative research papers, reviews, mini-reviews, short communications and notes dealing with Pharmaceutical Sciences( Pharmaceutical Technology, Pharmaceutics, Biopharmaceutics, Pharmacokinetics, Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry, Computational Chemistry and Molecular Drug Design, Pharmacognosy & Phytochemistry, Pharmacology, Pharmaceutical Analysis, Pharmacy Practice, Clinical and Hospital Pharmacy, Cell Biology, Genomics and Proteomics, Pharmacogenomics, Bioinformatics and Biotechnology of Pharmaceutical Interest........more details on Aim & Scope).
All manuscripts are subject to rapid peer review. Those of high quality (not previously published and not under consideration for publication in another journal) will be published without delay.
Obesity and hyperlipidemia is international /worldwide problem causing heart disease leading to major predisposing factor for morbidity and death. Conventional medicine used in allopathy include statins, fibrates, niacin and resins but are going to defame due to their adverse effects. Herbal medicine ginger has proved itself as one of the potent anti hyperlipidemic and anti obesity herb with least adverse effects. We did try to compare its hypolipidemic effects with placebo effects when used in mild to moderate hyperlipidemic patients. It was placebo-controlled single blind research study. Research was conducted at National hospital, Lahore, from July to November 2016. Consent was taken from sixty hyperlipidemic patients age range from 25 to 60 years. Both gender male and female patients were enrolled. Patients were randomly divided in two groups, 30 patients were on drug ginger pasted-powder advised to take 5 grams in divided doses with their normal diet for the period of three months. Thirty patients were on placebo pasted-wheat powder, with same color as of ginger powder, advised to take 5 grams in divided doses with their normal diet for the period of three months. Their base line lipid profile and body weight was recorded at start of treatment and were advised to come for check-up, fortnightly.
International Journal of Medical Science in Clinical Research and Review Vol 03, Issue 02,April – 2020 Page |
229
When duration of study was over, their lipid profile and body weight was measured and compared statistically with pre-treatment values. Three months treatment with 5 grams of ginger decreased total cholesterol from 233.11±1.53 mg/dl to 198.44±1.23 mg/dl, LDL cholesterol reduced from 202.21±1.88 mg/dl to 187.72± 1.98 mg/dl, reduced body weight from 76.01±2.66 kg to 72.80±1.87 kg. Both plasma total cholesterol and LDL cholesterol reduction was statistically significant, but body weight decrease was non-significant when analyzed biostatistically.
In Pakistan, the overall prevalence of dyslipidemia in adolescents aged 10–18 years is 21.7~25.2%; prevalence is reported to be two times higher (53.1~56.1%) in obese adolescents. However, few studies have been conducted on the relationship between height and blood lipid concentrations in children and adolescents The recent emphasis on treatment of the dyslipidemia of the metabolic syndrome (hypertriglyceridemia, reduced high-density lipoprotein, and increased small, dense low-density lipoprotein particle number) has compelled practitioners to consider lipid-lowering therapy in a greater number of their patients, as one in two individuals over age 50 has the metabolic syndrome. Individuals with the metabolic syndrome typically have normal low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels, and current lipid-lowering guidelines may underestimate their cardiovascular risk. Two subgroups of patients with the metabolic syndrome are at particularly high risk for premature CAD. One, individuals with type 2 diabetes, accounts for 20-30% of early cardiovascular disease. The second, familial combined hyperlipidemia, accounts for an additional 10-20% of premature CAD. Familial combined hyperlipidemia is characterized by the metabolic syndrome in addition to a disproportionate elevation of apolipoprotein B levels. The measurement of fasting glucose and apolipoprotein B, in addition to the fasting lipid profile, can help to estimate CAD risk in patients with the metabolic syndrome. In this research we compared allopathic medication and medicinal herb in treating hyperlipidemia.
The global prevalence of obesity is increasing rapidly and high dietary fat intake is major risk factor for the development of obesity. The present study was taken undertaken to evaluate the effect of Argyreia Nervosa Burn.F leaf ethanol extract on serum lipid profile in Wistar male albino rat fed with high fat diet and to compare it with a standard hyperlipidemic drug Sibutramine (10mg/kg). Fifty four health Wistar albino male rats were randomized in to 9 groups of 6 animals each. The groups were followed as follows Group I: Sham operated Normal (Normal Diet), Group II: Control (High fat diet), Group III: Sibutramine 10 mg/kg + HFD, Group IV: EEAN (100mg/kg) + HFD, Group V: EEAN (200mg/kg) +HFD, Group VI: EEAN
(400mg/kg) + HFD, Remaining groups have received different types of extracts at various doses. Lipid profile in serum with high triglyceride (TG) and cholesterol levels were significantly reduced by treatment of 0.5g/day A. nervosa. The A. nervosa markedly lowers the levels of serum cholesterol and VLDL. The present investigation shows that all triton induced rats
displayed hyperlipidemia as shown by their elevated levels of serum and liver cholesterol, triglyceride, PL, VLDL, LDL and the reduction in the HDL level. It can be concluded that 0.5g/day of A. nervosa treatment was effective in reduction of cholesterol, PL, TG, VLDL, LDL and HDL in a dose dependant manner.
Quality of Life, Clinical Effectiveness and Satisfaction in Patient with Beta...Sunil Vadithya
Quality of Life, Clinical Effectiveness and Satisfaction in Patient with Beta Thalassemia Major and Sickel Cell Anemia Receiver Deferasirox Chelation Therapy
The IOSR Journal of Pharmacy (IOSRPHR) is an open access online & offline peer reviewed international journal, which publishes innovative research papers, reviews, mini-reviews, short communications and notes dealing with Pharmaceutical Sciences( Pharmaceutical Technology, Pharmaceutics, Biopharmaceutics, Pharmacokinetics, Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry, Computational Chemistry and Molecular Drug Design, Pharmacognosy & Phytochemistry, Pharmacology, Pharmaceutical Analysis, Pharmacy Practice, Clinical and Hospital Pharmacy, Cell Biology, Genomics and Proteomics, Pharmacogenomics, Bioinformatics and Biotechnology of Pharmaceutical Interest........more details on Aim & Scope).
All manuscripts are subject to rapid peer review. Those of high quality (not previously published and not under consideration for publication in another journal) will be published without delay.
ABSTRACT- This study was undertaken to evaluate the serum levels of Oxidant (MDA) & antioxidant (SOD & Vitamin E) and compare oxidative stress (MDA) level among normotensive and hypertensive subjects. Oxidative stress has been relationship with mechanisms of EH (essential hypertension). A total number of 70 subjects were taken including both sex (Men and Women) between the ages of 35-70 years taken in this study. Exclusion criteria were chronic diseases, alcohol consumer, obesity, smoking/tobacco consumer and current use of any medication. Antioxidant enzymes activity and lipid peroxidation (malondialdehyde) were determined in serum. In 70 subjects out of 35 were found as an controls normotensive individuals and the cases 35 hypertensive patients. Serum MDA levels were highly significantly elevated in hypertensive patients in compared to normotensive individuals (4.39±0.98 µmol/l vs 1.51±0.70µmol/l and p < 0.0001). SOD acts as an antioxidant was highly significantly decrease in hypertensive patients in compared to normotensive individuals (0.44±0.06U/mg protein/min vs 0.96±0.04 U/mg protein/min and p <0.0001).>< 0.001). These findings demonstrate the strong association of SOD and Vitamin E level decrease in hypertensive patients and by MDA level increase in hypertensive patients. Oxidative stress in hypertensive patients increasing over time may play a role in the improvement of atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease, should be considered in further research.
Key Words: Hypertensive, Normotensive individuals, MDA, SOD, Vitamin E
ANTIDIABETIC POTENTIAL OF MEMECYLON TERMINALE DALZ EXTRACTS IN ALLOXAN INDUCE...Jing Zang
Memecylon terminale Dalz is an endemic plant that is exclusively present in the Western Ghat region of Southern India. The traditional healers in this region have been using this plant extract to cure disorders such as dysentery, diabetes, diarrhea, piles, haemoptysis, menorrhagia and shown to possess carminative stomachic astringent property. The present study was carried out to evaluate the hypoglycemic activity of different extracts of M. terminale Dalz in alloxan induced diabetic rats. Chloroform and methanolic extracts of M. terminale Dalz leaves were screened for hypoglycemic activity in alloxan induced diabetes in Swiss albino rats. The lipid profile was also examined in diabetic rats administered with these extracts. The efficacy of these extracts was also analyzed for their ability to inhibit α-glucosidase and α-amylase. Of the two extracts, chloroform extract (500 mg/kg body weight) showed dose dependent decrease in blood glucose level which was comparable to that of control after 24 h of extract administration. On the other hand, chloroform extract also showed good lipid profile that was comparable with standard drug. As compared to chloroform extract, the methanolic extract showed good inhibition of α-amylase and α-glucosidase enzyme activity. The results of our study indicate that M. terminale Dalz plant possesses significant protective effects against alloxan induced diabetes. However, detailed structure function analysis of active ingredients of the extract is needed to be validated.
Antihyperglycemic and Anti-hyperlipidemic Effect of Herbamed, A Herbal Formul...CrimsonPublishersIOD
Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycemia and its occurrence is increasing fast in most of the countries. Herbal medicine derived from plant extracts have been utilized increasingly for the treatment of various disorders like diabetes mellitus. The present study was designed to evaluate the anti diabetic activity of ‘Herbamed’, a herbal formulation composed of Vernonia amygdalina, Ocimum gratissimum, Zingiber officinale and Allium sativum in alloxan-induced diabetic rats model.
Abstract Background: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) can cause insulin resistance (IR) and diabetes. Our previous studies have demonstrated that Jian-Gan-Xiao-Zhi decoction (JGXZ) could be effective for the treatment of NAFLD and IR. However, the possible mechanism underlying the effects of JGXZ on NAFLD and IR remains unknown. Methods: Fifty rats received a high-fat high-carbohydrate (HFHC) diet for 12 weeks to induce NAFLD. After 4 weeks of HFHC treatment, rats were orally treated with JGXZ (8, 16, and 32 g/kg weight) for 8 weeks. Ten rats in the control group received standard chow. In the positive control group, rats were orally treated with metformin (90 mg/kg weight) for 8 weeks. After JGXZ and metformin treatment, H&E staining was conducted on rat livers and serum biochemical markers, including alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), triglyceride (TG), and total cholesterol (TC), were measured using test kits. Moreover, a fasting blood glucose test and an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) were conducted. Serum levels of insulin were determined using ELISA kit, and the homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) was calculated. The levels of total insulin receptor substrate-1 (IRS1), AMP-activated protein kinase-α (AMPKα) and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) as well as the levels of phosphorylation of IRS1 (p-IRS1), phosphorylation of AMPK (p-AMPK) and phosphorylation of JNK (p-JNK) were measured using western blotting. Results: The body weights in JGXZ low-, middle-, and high-dose groups were lower than those in the model group (P < 0.05, P < 0.01, P < 0.01, respectively). The serum levels of AST (P < 0.05 in JGXZ middle- and high-dose groups), ALT (P < 0.01 in JGXZ middle-dose group and P < 0.05 in JGXZ high-dose group), TG (P < 0.01 in JGXZ middle- and high-dose groups), and TC (P < 0.01) upon JGXZ treatment were lower those than in NAFLD model rats. H&E staining showed that JGXZ treatment reduced steatosis of the hepatocytes in NAFLD model rats. JGXZ decreased the levels of fasting blood glucose (P < 0.01), HOMA-IR (P < 0.01), AUC (area under the curve) of the OGTT (P < 0.05) and p-IRS1 (P < 0.01 in JGXZ middle- and high-dose groups, P < 0.05 in JGXZ low-dose groups). Moreover, JGXZ regulated the hepatic AMPKα/JNK pathway in NAFLD model rats, which reflected the induction of p-AMPKα and inhibition of p-JNK. Conclusion: This study showed that JGXZ improved liver function and reduced steatosis of the hepatocytes in NAFLD model rats. Moreover, JGXZ improved IR in NAFLD model rats. The possible mechanism underlying the effects of JGXZ on NAFLD and IR involves the modulation of the AMPK/JNK pathway.
The IOSR Journal of Pharmacy (IOSRPHR) is an open access online & offline peer reviewed international journal, which publishes innovative research papers, reviews, mini-reviews, short communications and notes dealing with Pharmaceutical Sciences( Pharmaceutical Technology, Pharmaceutics, Biopharmaceutics, Pharmacokinetics, Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry, Computational Chemistry and Molecular Drug Design, Pharmacognosy & Phytochemistry, Pharmacology, Pharmaceutical Analysis, Pharmacy Practice, Clinical and Hospital Pharmacy, Cell Biology, Genomics and Proteomics, Pharmacogenomics, Bioinformatics and Biotechnology of Pharmaceutical Interest........more details on Aim & Scope).
All manuscripts are subject to rapid peer review. Those of high quality (not previously published and not under consideration for publication in another journal) will be published without delay.
The IOSR Journal of Pharmacy (IOSRPHR) is an open access online & offline peer reviewed international journal, which publishes innovative research papers, reviews, mini-reviews, short communications and notes dealing with Pharmaceutical Sciences( Pharmaceutical Technology, Pharmaceutics, Biopharmaceutics, Pharmacokinetics, Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry, Computational Chemistry and Molecular Drug Design, Pharmacognosy & Phytochemistry, Pharmacology, Pharmaceutical Analysis, Pharmacy Practice, Clinical and Hospital Pharmacy, Cell Biology, Genomics and Proteomics, Pharmacogenomics, Bioinformatics and Biotechnology of Pharmaceutical Interest........more details on Aim & Scope).
All manuscripts are subject to rapid peer review. Those of high quality (not previously published and not under consideration for publication in another journal) will be published without delay.
Obesity and hyperlipidemia is international /worldwide problem causing heart disease leading to major predisposing factor for morbidity and death. Conventional medicine used in allopathy include statins, fibrates, niacin and resins but are going to defame due to their adverse effects. Herbal medicine ginger has proved itself as one of the potent anti hyperlipidemic and anti obesity herb with least adverse effects. We did try to compare its hypolipidemic effects with placebo effects when used in mild to moderate hyperlipidemic patients. It was placebo-controlled single blind research study. Research was conducted at National hospital, Lahore, from July to November 2016. Consent was taken from sixty hyperlipidemic patients age range from 25 to 60 years. Both gender male and female patients were enrolled. Patients were randomly divided in two groups, 30 patients were on drug ginger pasted-powder advised to take 5 grams in divided doses with their normal diet for the period of three months. Thirty patients were on placebo pasted-wheat powder, with same color as of ginger powder, advised to take 5 grams in divided doses with their normal diet for the period of three months. Their base line lipid profile and body weight was recorded at start of treatment and were advised to come for check-up, fortnightly.
International Journal of Medical Science in Clinical Research and Review Vol 03, Issue 02,April – 2020 Page |
229
When duration of study was over, their lipid profile and body weight was measured and compared statistically with pre-treatment values. Three months treatment with 5 grams of ginger decreased total cholesterol from 233.11±1.53 mg/dl to 198.44±1.23 mg/dl, LDL cholesterol reduced from 202.21±1.88 mg/dl to 187.72± 1.98 mg/dl, reduced body weight from 76.01±2.66 kg to 72.80±1.87 kg. Both plasma total cholesterol and LDL cholesterol reduction was statistically significant, but body weight decrease was non-significant when analyzed biostatistically.
In Pakistan, the overall prevalence of dyslipidemia in adolescents aged 10–18 years is 21.7~25.2%; prevalence is reported to be two times higher (53.1~56.1%) in obese adolescents. However, few studies have been conducted on the relationship between height and blood lipid concentrations in children and adolescents The recent emphasis on treatment of the dyslipidemia of the metabolic syndrome (hypertriglyceridemia, reduced high-density lipoprotein, and increased small, dense low-density lipoprotein particle number) has compelled practitioners to consider lipid-lowering therapy in a greater number of their patients, as one in two individuals over age 50 has the metabolic syndrome. Individuals with the metabolic syndrome typically have normal low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels, and current lipid-lowering guidelines may underestimate their cardiovascular risk. Two subgroups of patients with the metabolic syndrome are at particularly high risk for premature CAD. One, individuals with type 2 diabetes, accounts for 20-30% of early cardiovascular disease. The second, familial combined hyperlipidemia, accounts for an additional 10-20% of premature CAD. Familial combined hyperlipidemia is characterized by the metabolic syndrome in addition to a disproportionate elevation of apolipoprotein B levels. The measurement of fasting glucose and apolipoprotein B, in addition to the fasting lipid profile, can help to estimate CAD risk in patients with the metabolic syndrome. In this research we compared allopathic medication and medicinal herb in treating hyperlipidemia.
ABSTRACT- Background: Several studies demonstrated relationship between dyslipidemia and various
antipsychotic drugs after treatment of psychotic disorders. Our study aimed to compare the effects of commonly
prescribed antipsychotic drugs Risperidone and Olanzapine on serum lipid profile of psychiatric patients.
Materials and Methods: This current study was conducted on 30 psychiatric patients, divided in to two groups
according to the antipsychotic drug prescribed by doctor Risperidone or Olanzapine. All the patients were assessed for
changes in serum lipid profile Total cholesterol (TC), Triglycerides (TG), High Density Lipoprotein (HDL-C), Low
Density Lipoprotein (LDL-C), Very Low Density Lipoprotein (VLDL-C) & Risk Factors for coronary artery
disease (CAD Risk Factor I &II) after 16 weeks of treatment.
Results: Patients taking Olanzapine therapy were showed significant (p<0.05) increase in all lipid parameters, whereas
Risperidone treated patients were showed significant increase in serum triglyceride and VLDL-C only.
Conclusion: Olanzapine therapy is strongly associated with dyslipidemia than Risperidone.
Key-words- Dyslipidemia, Lipid profile, Coronary artery disease, Risk factors, Schizophrenia
A Study to Assess the Effectiveness of Hibiscus Sabdariffa on Hypertensive Pa...ijtsrd
The present study aim was the assess the effectiveness of hibiscus sabdariffa on hypertensive patients in rural area. A Quantitaive research approach and Quasi experimental pre test and post test control group design have adopted for the present study. 60 participants were selected who are satisfied with inclusion criteria whereas 30 samples in experimental group other 30 sample were in control group, they were selected by convenient sampling technique. A structured questionnaire method to collect the demographic variables and clinical variables, blood pressure is assessed by the sphygmomanometer. Among 60 patient, 30 hypertensive patient participated in the reveals the pretest mean score was 1.83±0.36 and the post test mean score was 1.23±0.66 in systolic blood pressure and the pretest mean score was 1.4±0.48 and post test mean score was 0.5±0.40 in diastolic blood pressure. Paired t test to compare the pre and posttest level of blood pressure among experimental group. The present study regard to the pre and post test level of systolic blood pressure among experimental group it was found that the t value was5.86, With regard to the pre and post test level of diastolic blood pressure among experimental group it was found that the t value was 12.3, indicating that the rewash a highly significant reduction in post test level of blood pressure among the experimental group at p 0.05level. The present study reveals the pretest mean score was 1.83±0.53 and the post test mean score was 1.96 ±1.6 in systolic blood pressure and the pretest mean score was 1.26 ±0.49 and post test mean score was 0.22 ±0.71 in diastolic blood pressure. paired t test to compare the pre and post test level of blood pressure among control group. With regard to the pre and post test level of systolic blood pressure among control group it was found that the t value was 2.35, With regard to the pre and post test level of diastolic blood pressure among control group it was found that the t value was 2.48, indicating that there was no significant reduction in post test level of blood pressure among the control group at p 0.05 level. Sathiyabama. G | Narmadha K | Nivetha. S "A Study to Assess the Effectiveness of Hibiscus Sabdariffa on Hypertensive Patients in Rural Area" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-6 | Issue-6 , October 2022, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd52202.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/medicine/nursing/52202/a-study-to-assess-the-effectiveness-of-hibiscus-sabdariffa-on-hypertensive-patients-in-rural-area/sathiyabama-g
Rice bran is fabricated from the rice milling enterprise and contains about 10% of the entire weight of rough rice. It is especially composed of aleurone, pericarp, subaleurone layer, and germ. Rice bran is a fertile supply of nutrients, minerals, vital fatty acids, dietary fiber, and different sterols. The quantification of γ-oryzanol in rice bran can be conducted by many methods that require drawing out of rice bran oil (RBO) from the bran, accompanied by way of evaluation of the quantity of γ-oryzanol in the RBO with the aid of high-performance liquid chromatography. RBO is the oil drain out of the outer rigid surface of rice called chaff (rice husk). It is identified for its excessive smoke factor of 232°C (450°F) and soft taste, making it pleasant for excessive-temperature cooking strategies such as blend and deep frying. It is healthy for human expenditure, which is employed in the system of vegetable ghee. Wax was drawn out of RBO and palpanese extract, which is employed for carnauba wax in makeup, confectionery, shoe lotions, and sharpening compounds. It is accepted as a food preparation oil in numerous Asian countries, along with Bangladesh, Japan, India, and China. Regarding the importance of RBO, this overview intends to pay attention at the phytochemistry and therapeutic functions of RBO.
efficacy and safety of Sulfad tablets in the management of NASH
patients: A randomized ,prospective, open label, multi-center,
controlled, phase III clinical trial.
If you need medical assistance for surgery to remove high cholesterol, please get in touch with us. Healthy Life Bariatrics is one of the leading high cholesterol surgery facilities in the United States. If you need more information, please visit our website.
Satish K. Gupta, Ramesh C. Sawhney, Lajpat Rai , V. D. Chavan, Sameer Dani, Ramesh C. Arora,
W. Selvamurthy, H. K. Chopra, Navin C. Nanda
Indian Heart Journal 2011; 63:461-469
This cross sectional study was conducted at Department of Biochemistry, Govt. Medical College Srinagar Kashmir. A total of 120 Kashmiri Type 2 diabetic patients and 30 normal controls were randomly selected. Diabetic dyslipidaemia is characterized by raised triglycerides, low high density lipoprotein and raised low density lipoprotein. Determination of serum lipid levels in people with diabetes is considered a standard of care because detection and treatment of dyslipidaemia is one means of reducing cardiovascular disease risk. The lipid profiles and lipoprotein levels of 120 known diabetic patients were studied. Total cholesterol (TC), Triacylglycerol’s (TG) Low density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C), and high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) levels were assayed for each group using standard biochemical methods. Dyslipidaemia was defined using the national cholesterol education programme – adult treatment panel III (NCEP-AT III) criteria. BMI and waist and hip circumferences were measured.
ABSTRACT- Previous studies have suggested an association between vegetarian persons and non-vegetarian persons, although this relationship
positive correlation significant. The present study was designed to investigate comparative study of lipid profile levels in vegetarian and nonvegetarian
person. The lipid profile is used to determine the risk of obesity, heart disease in myocardial infarction, atherosclerosis and help in deciding
treatment has borderline or high risk. the present study was undertaken to compare case and control produce effect on individuals lipid profile, the
parameters of lipid metabolism i.e. cholesterol, tri-glyceride, high density lipoprotein, low density lipoprotein of the age of 20-85 years and early
aged 50 years and above males and females, divided categories i.e. vegetarian and non- vegetarian persons. the study was done on 20 cases in 10
control (non-vegetarians) and 10 cases (vegetarians) diet was significantly found to reduce the values of all the parameter lipid metabolism except
HDL-Cholesterol(45.02± 9.595; p<0.0001).when><0.0001 ) from this study, it can be concluded
that along with diet, sex and age factor also influence parameters of lipid metabolism.
Key words- Vegetarian persons, non-Vegetarian, Lipid profile
Basavarajeeyam is an important text for ayurvedic physician belonging to andhra pradehs. It is a popular compendium in various parts of our country as well as in andhra pradesh. The content of the text was presented in sanskrit and telugu language (Bilingual). One of the most famous book in ayurvedic pharmaceutics and therapeutics. This book contains 25 chapters called as prakaranas. Many rasaoushadis were explained, pioneer of dhatu druti, nadi pareeksha, mutra pareeksha etc. Belongs to the period of 15-16 century. New diseases like upadamsha, phiranga rogas are explained.
The Gram stain is a fundamental technique in microbiology used to classify bacteria based on their cell wall structure. It provides a quick and simple method to distinguish between Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, which have different susceptibilities to antibiotics
Basavarajeeyam is a Sreshta Sangraha grantha (Compiled book ), written by Neelkanta kotturu Basavaraja Virachita. It contains 25 Prakaranas, First 24 Chapters related to Rogas& 25th to Rasadravyas.
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN HEALTHCARE.pdfAnujkumaranit
Artificial intelligence (AI) refers to the simulation of human intelligence processes by machines, especially computer systems. It encompasses tasks such as learning, reasoning, problem-solving, perception, and language understanding. AI technologies are revolutionizing various fields, from healthcare to finance, by enabling machines to perform tasks that typically require human intelligence.
Title: Sense of Smell
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the primary categories of smells and the concept of odor blindness.
Explain the structure and location of the olfactory membrane and mucosa, including the types and roles of cells involved in olfaction.
Describe the pathway and mechanisms of olfactory signal transmission from the olfactory receptors to the brain.
Illustrate the biochemical cascade triggered by odorant binding to olfactory receptors, including the role of G-proteins and second messengers in generating an action potential.
Identify different types of olfactory disorders such as anosmia, hyposmia, hyperosmia, and dysosmia, including their potential causes.
Key Topics:
Olfactory Genes:
3% of the human genome accounts for olfactory genes.
400 genes for odorant receptors.
Olfactory Membrane:
Located in the superior part of the nasal cavity.
Medially: Folds downward along the superior septum.
Laterally: Folds over the superior turbinate and upper surface of the middle turbinate.
Total surface area: 5-10 square centimeters.
Olfactory Mucosa:
Olfactory Cells: Bipolar nerve cells derived from the CNS (100 million), with 4-25 olfactory cilia per cell.
Sustentacular Cells: Produce mucus and maintain ionic and molecular environment.
Basal Cells: Replace worn-out olfactory cells with an average lifespan of 1-2 months.
Bowman’s Gland: Secretes mucus.
Stimulation of Olfactory Cells:
Odorant dissolves in mucus and attaches to receptors on olfactory cilia.
Involves a cascade effect through G-proteins and second messengers, leading to depolarization and action potential generation in the olfactory nerve.
Quality of a Good Odorant:
Small (3-20 Carbon atoms), volatile, water-soluble, and lipid-soluble.
Facilitated by odorant-binding proteins in mucus.
Membrane Potential and Action Potential:
Resting membrane potential: -55mV.
Action potential frequency in the olfactory nerve increases with odorant strength.
Adaptation Towards the Sense of Smell:
Rapid adaptation within the first second, with further slow adaptation.
Psychological adaptation greater than receptor adaptation, involving feedback inhibition from the central nervous system.
Primary Sensations of Smell:
Camphoraceous, Musky, Floral, Pepperminty, Ethereal, Pungent, Putrid.
Odor Detection Threshold:
Examples: Hydrogen sulfide (0.0005 ppm), Methyl-mercaptan (0.002 ppm).
Some toxic substances are odorless at lethal concentrations.
Characteristics of Smell:
Odor blindness for single substances due to lack of appropriate receptor protein.
Behavioral and emotional influences of smell.
Transmission of Olfactory Signals:
From olfactory cells to glomeruli in the olfactory bulb, involving lateral inhibition.
Primitive, less old, and new olfactory systems with different path
- Video recording of this lecture in English language: https://youtu.be/lK81BzxMqdo
- Video recording of this lecture in Arabic language: https://youtu.be/Ve4P0COk9OI
- Link to download the book free: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/nephrotube-nephrology-books.html
- Link to NephroTube website: www.NephroTube.com
- Link to NephroTube social media accounts: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/join-nephrotube-on-social-media.html
New Drug Discovery and Development .....NEHA GUPTA
The "New Drug Discovery and Development" process involves the identification, design, testing, and manufacturing of novel pharmaceutical compounds with the aim of introducing new and improved treatments for various medical conditions. This comprehensive endeavor encompasses various stages, including target identification, preclinical studies, clinical trials, regulatory approval, and post-market surveillance. It involves multidisciplinary collaboration among scientists, researchers, clinicians, regulatory experts, and pharmaceutical companies to bring innovative therapies to market and address unmet medical needs.
1. ORIGINAL
PROF-1626
PSYLLIUM HUSK TO INCREASE HDL-CHOLESTEROL;
PLACEBO CONTROLLED STUDY
DR. SAMINA KARIM Dr. Ghazi Mahmood
Associate Professor, Pharmacology, Senior Registrar, ENT Department
Services Institute of Medical Sciences, Ghurki Trust Teaching Hospital,
Lahore Lahore
DR. SHAH MURAD Dr. Moosa Khan
Professor, Pharmacology Assistant Professor, Pharmacology
Lahore Medical & Dental College, BMSI, JPMC,
Lahore Karachi
DR. MANZOOR AHMED UNAR Dr. Amar Lal Ghurbakhshani
Assistant Professor, Pharmacology Assistant Professor, Physiology
Chandka Medical College, Chandka Medical College,
Larkana Larkana
ABSTRACT... Objectives: To examine the effects of Psyllium husk on HDL-Cholesterol. Design: Single blind placebo controlled study. Place
and Duration of Study: Study was conducted at department of Pharmacology and therapeutics at Basic Medical Sciences Institute (BMSI),
Jinnah Postgraduate Medical Centre (JPMC), Karachi, from January 2006 to July 2006. Patient and Methods: Forty hyperlipidemic patients
were included, among which 20 patients were on placebo as control group, and 20 were on Psyllium husk, 3 gram daily, in divided doses for the
period of three months. Patients with peptic ulcer, renal disease, hepatic disease, hypothyroidism, diabetes mellitus, and alcoholism were
excluded from the study. HDL- Cholesterol was determined by using kit Cat. # 303210040 by Eli Tech Diagnostic, France. Data were expressed
as the mean ± SD and “t” test was applied to determine statistical significance as the difference. A probability value of <0.05 was the limit of
significance. Results: Two patients were dropped from the study due to low compliance of metallic taste of psyllium husk. Psyllium husk has
increased HDL-Cholesterol, in 90 days of treatment, from 34.61±1.85 to 36.77±1.96 (mg/dl), which was highly significant statistically when
paired “t” test was applied for results. Percentage change was +6.24. Conclusions: It is concluded from this study that Psyllium husk decreases
the risk of CHD by increasing HDL-Cholesterol.
Key words:Psyllium Husk. HDL-Cholesterol. Atherosclerosis. Heart Attack
INTRODUCTION providers to prescribe cholesterol-lowering drugs until
"Heart attack" is the single largest killer in United States. other; simpler measures have been taken and failed. The
Every 20 seconds, an American will suffer a heart attack. exception to this would be if you are in imminent danger
Every 34 seconds, an American will die of cardiovascular of having a heart attack and need to take extreme
disease. One in every 2.6 deaths in United States is measures3. HDL, which is famously known as “good”
1
caused by cardiovascular disease .The American Heart cholesterol, can be further categorized into specific
Association recognizes both LDL-Cholesterol (Bad subtypes. (1) HDL2 is a larger form, produced when
Cholesterol) and HDL- Cholesterol (Good Cholesterol) cholesterol carried by HDL-3 is chemically modified
as strong and independent risk factors of heart disease. (esterified). It transports cholesterol to liver for
However, raising good cholesterol levels is thought to processing and elimination. (2) HDL3 is a smaller form,
provide greater protection than lowering bad cholesterol. synthesized by the liver and intestine. HDL-2 moves
Every 1% increase in HDL-Cholesterol decreases the cholesterol away from the arterial wall so it may provide
2
risk for heart disease by 2% in men and 3% in women . It greater cardiovascular protection. HDL possess
is easy for nearly everyone to significantly lower LDL antioxidant activity and it helps balancing the body's
cholesterol and raise HDL levels with diet, exercise and natural anti-inflammatory response, both of which are
supplements, that it seems extreme for health care important forcardiovascular health.
Professional Med J Dec 2010;17(4): 711-714. (www.theprofesional.com) 711
2. PSYLLIUM HUSK TO INCREASE HDL-CHOLESTEROL 2
Its most important function is the role it plays in control and exercise for 40-60 minutes (brisk walk). This
cholesterol transport. High levels of HDL cholesterol are regimen was followed for 12 weeks. Twenty
associated with reduced platelet activity, another key hyperlipidemic patients of drug-2 group were taken as
4
indicator of arterial and venous health . Many drug control, and were advised to continue on isocaloric
groups increase HDL-Cholesterol, including psyllium weight maintaing diet, i.e. step-1 diet and brisk walk for
hydrophilic mucilloid5. Psyllium by decreasing LDL- next three months. Patients of this group were provided
Cholesterol change the LDL-C/HDL-C ratio to normalize capsules containing equal amount of partly grinded
the arterial and venous health6. Bile acid sequestrants, wheat and orange flavor, taken one capsule thrice daily
like psyllium are the only hypocholesterolemic drugs after meal for three months.
currently recommended for children of 11 to 12 years of
age, although data now are emerging that document the Patients were advised to come in OPD, every two weeks
safety of statin therapy of children in this age range7. for follow up to check blood pressure, weight, pulse rate
and general appearance of the individual. Drug
PATIENTS & METHOD compliance to the regimen was monitored by interview
Research study was conducted in Jinnah Postgraduate and counseling at each clinical visits. HDL- Cholesterol
Medical Centre, Karachi, from January to July was determined by using kit Cat. # 303210040 by Eli
2006.Forty patients of primary hyperlipidemia were Tech Diagnostic, France. Data were expressed as the
enrolled in the study, selected from ward and OPD of mean ± SD and “t” test was applied to determine
National Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases (NICVD), statistical significance as the difference. A probability
Karachi. Previously diagnosed and untreated primary value of <0.05 was the limit of significance.
hyperlipidemic patients of either sex, age range from 21
to 60 years were randomly selected. RESULTS
Out of 40 patients, 38 completed the over all study
Patients with peptic ulcer, cigarette smoking, hepatic period. Two patients of drug-1 group discontinued to take
disease, alcoholism, hypothyroidism, diabetes mellitus, medicine due to metallic taste of Psyllium husk. Tables
and renal disease were excluded from the study as these showing base line and post treatment values are self
pathological conditions can mask hyperlipidemic explanatory. When results were summed up and test
abnormality of the patient8. After explaining the parameters were compared, it was seen that, after 90
limitations, written consent was obtained from all days of treatment with Psyllium, HDL-Cholesterol
participants. The study period consisted of 90 days with increased from 34.61±1.85 mg/dl to 36.77±1.96 mg/dl,
fortnightly follow up visits. Name, age, sex, occupation, which is highly significant statistically (P<0.001). The
address, previous medication, date of follow up visit and overall percentage change from day-0 to day-90 was
laboratory investigations, etc of each patient was +6.24, as shown in table-I. In placebo group at day-0,
recorded on a Performa, especially designed for the HDL-Cholesterol level was 35.50±1.13 mg/dl, which
study. All the base line assessments were taken on the increased to 35.75±1.07 mg/dl, which is non significant
day of inclusion (Day-0) in the study and a similar statistically (P>0.05).The overall percentage increase in
assessment was taken on Day-90 of research design. the parameter was +0.70, as shown in table-II. When
After fulfilling the inclusion criteria patients were divided compared difference in percentage change in two
in two groups, i.e.Drug-1 (3 gram of Psyllium husk) and groups, it was 5.54, as shown in table-III.
Drug-2 (placebo capsules, containing equal amounts of
partly grinded wheat) groups. DISCUSSION
There are various groups of drugs which are used for the
Twenty hyperlipidemic patients of group-1 were provided treatment of hyperlipidemia. HMG-Co reductase
packets containing 3 gram of Psyllium husk and were inhibitors (Statins), fibric acids, Niacin and psyllium
advised to take one packet thrice daily along with diet hydrophilic mucilloids are important lipid lowering drugs9.
Psyllium is also used as fiber in many nutrients, to
Professional Med J Dec 2010;17(4): 711-714. (www.theprofesional.com) 712
3. PSYLLIUM HUSK TO INCREASE HDL-CHOLESTEROL 3
four months. He does not describe the mechanism by
which HDL-Cholesterol is increased. Results of our study
also match with results of research study conducted by
11
Jenkins DJA et al who observed 4.90 % increase in
HDL-Cholesterol, when 3 gram of psyllium was used
thrice daily in 90 primary hyperlipidemic patients, for the
period of four months. He described that bile acids,
metabolites of cholesterol, are normally reabsorbed in
the jejunum with about 95 % efficiency. Their excretion is
increased up to tenfold when the resins are given. The
increased catabolism of cholesterol reflects its enhanced
conversion to bile acids in liver via 7 alpha hydroxylation,
normally controlled by negative feedback by bile acids.
Cholesterogenesis is inhibited, an effect that persists
when bile acid-binding resins are given. By this way
decreased synthesis of cholesterol in liver can increase
hepatic uptake of LDL in support of increased bile acid
synthesis induced by the resins. The catabolic rate for
HDL is decreased, with an associatedincrease in the
HDL2 subfraction and high levels of HDL-Cholesterol in
blood. Results of our study do not match with the study of
Anderson JW12 who observed that no significant change
was there in HDL when 2 gram of psyllium husk, twice
daily was given to 20 hyperlipidemic patients for the
period of three months, in double blind placebo
controlled study. HDL-Cholesterol was increased up to
1.9 % only. He also included other parameters in his
study, like systolic and diastolic blood pressure.
Difference in his and our study results may be due to less
concentration (dose) of the psyllium administered and
regulate gastrointestinal motility. Since long, its use as different design of research study. Our results do not
hypolipidemic agent is well known to health care match with results of research study conducted by Bell
personals. It reduces serum total cholesterol, LDL- LP et al13 who observed that psyllium has increased 1.79
Cholesterol, VLDL, triglycerides. It’s HDL-C raising % HDL-Cholesterol with 4 gram of psyllium
mechanism is not known, but LDL-C/HDL-C ratio is administration for the period of two months in 80
changed to normal, which helps to keep arterial and hyperlipidemic patients. Difference in results may be less
venous health in norm10. duration of drug used and exclusion criteria, in which they
did not excluded diabetic, alcoholic and chain smoker
In our study, psyllium increased HDL-Cholesterol by 6.24 patients. In our study design exact exclusion criteria was
% in three months. In placebo group, HDL-Cholesterol followed, in which diabetic, alcoholic, cigarette smokers,
was raised by 0.70 %. Our study matches with Alan T. hypothyroidism, renal and hepatic diseased patients
11
Remaley et al who observed almost same changes in were excluded from the study.
HDL-Cholesterol, i.e. 5 % increase in HDL-Cholesterol
when 4.4 gram of psyllium husk was used by patients for Our results are in contrast with results of research study
14
of Turley SC et al who observed only 0.78 % increase in
Professional Med J Dec 2010;17(4): 711-714. (www.theprofesional.com) 713