This document discusses Howard Gardner's theory of multiple intelligences, which asserts that intelligence consists of various domains. It outlines eight types of intelligence: linguistic, logical-mathematical, spatial, bodily-kinesthetic, musical, interpersonal, intrapersonal, and naturalist. Each person possesses different levels of ability across these intelligences. The document also discusses factors that contribute to intelligence like heredity and environment, theories of motivation including cognitive approaches, emotional intelligence, and different types of reasoning like deductive and inductive.

1. UNDERSTANDING THE
SELF
MODULE # 9

2. MY COMMITMENT TO LIFELONG
GROWTH
 GARDNER’S THEORY OF MULTIPLE INTELLIGENCE
 CONTRIBUTORS TO INTELLIGENCE
 EMOTIONAL INTELLIGENCE
 REASONING

3. Charles Spearman
Believed that intelligence consists of a general
mental ability or intelligence quotient (IQ) and
domain-specific abilities.

4. Howard Gardner
The proponents of Gardner’s theory of eight
intelligences who asserts that each person
possesses a certain specific intelligence where
he/she is most probably good or skilled at.

5. GARDNER’S THEORY OF
MULTIPLE INTELLIGENCE
VERBAL-LINGUISTIC
• It is characterized by the ability to think in words and
use language to express meaning.
• People with this kind of intelligence have
occupations as authors, journalists, speakers or poet.

6. GARDNER’S THEORY OF
MULTIPLE INTELLIGENCE
LOGICAL-MATHEMATICAL
• It is the ability to carry out mathematical operations.
• The ability to handle long chains of reasoning.
• The sensitivity and capacity to discern logical and numerical
patterns.

7. LOGICAL-MATHEMATICAL
INTELLIGENCE
People with this skill become scientists, engineers,
accountants or mathematicians.

8. GARDNER’S THEORY OF
MULTIPLE INTELLIGENCE
SPATIAL-VISUAL
• It implies the ability to think in images, pictures, or three-
dimensional figures
• The capacity to perceive the visual-spatial world accurately
and perform transformations on one’s initial perceptions.

9. SPATIAL-VISUAL
INTELLIGENCE
People with this skill often work as architects, artists,
sailors, navigators, or sculptors.

10. GARDNER’S THEORY OF
MULTIPLE INTELLIGENCE
BODILY-KINESTHETIC
• It is the ability to be physically adept at
manipulating objects, controlling ones bodily
movements, and handling objects skillfully.

11. BODILY-KINESTHETIC
INTELLIGENCE
People with this type of intelligence include surgeons,
crafts people, artisans, dancers, or athletes.

12. GARDNER’S THEORY OF
MULTIPLE INTELLIGENCE
MUSICAL-RHYTHMIC
• It refers to the sensitivity to pitch, melody, rhythm, and tone.
• The ability to produce and appreciate rhythm, pitch, and
timbre.
• The appreciation of the forms of musical expressiveness.

13. MUSICAL-RHYTHMIC
INTELLIGENCE
People with musical intelligence usually end up as composers,
musicians, or sensitive listeners.

14. GARDNER’S THEORY OF
MULTIPLE INTELLIGENCE
INTERPERSONAL
• It refers to the ability to understand and interact effectively
with others.
• The capacity to discern and respond appropriately to the
moods, temperaments, motivations, and desires of others.

15. INTERPERSONAL
INTELLIGENCE
People with this type of intelligence often work as teachers or
mental health professionals.

16. GARDNER’S THEORY OF
MULTIPLE INTELLIGENCE
INTRAPERSONAL
• It is characterized by the ability to understand oneself; the
knowledge of one’s own strengths, weaknesses, desires, and
intelligences.
• The understanding of one’s own feelings and the ability to
discriminate among them and draw upon them to guide behavior.

17. INTRAPERSONAL
INTELLIGENCE
People with this intelligence eventually become
theologians, psychologists, or persons with details and
accurate self-concepts.

18. GARDNER’S THEORY OF
MULTIPLE INTELLIGENCE
NATURALIST
• It is described as the ability to observe patterns in nature
and understand natural and human-made systems.
• Sensitivity to the differences among diverse species.
• The ability to interact subtly with living creatures.

19. NATURALIST
INTELLIGENCE
People with naturalist intelligence work as farmers,
botanists, ecologists, landscapers, or environmentalists.

20. CONTRIBUTORS TO INTELLIGENCE
HEREDITY
•refers to the genes one inherits from his/her
parents, which provide the upper and lower
limits of his/her intelligence quotient.
•This is the raw biological materials of
intelligence.

21. CONTRIBUTORS TO INTELLIGENCE
ENVIRONMENT
•involves the experiences and the
psychological and physical exposure
of the individuals to the various
influences around him/her.

22. CONTRIBUTORS TO INTELLIGENCE
MOTIVATION
•is the force that moves people to
behave, think, and feel the way
they do.

23. THEORIES OF MOTIVATION
EVOLUTIONARY THEORY
•According to this theory, the
motivation for sex, achievement,
aggression, and other behaviors is
rooted in the organisms’
evolutionary past.

24. THEORIES OF MOTIVATION
DRIVE REDUCTION THEORY
•This theory explains that organisms
are driven by physiological needs.
•A need energizes one’s drive to
eliminate or reduce the deprivation.

25. THEORIES OF MOTIVATION
OPTIMUM AROUSAL THEORY
•The Yerkes-Dodson Law
•Low arousal
•Moderate arousal
•High arousal

26. THEORIES OF MOTIVATION
COGNITIVE APPROACH
•The contemporary view of motivation
emphasizes that cognitive factors
determine motivation level.
•The two aspects of cognitive approach
to motivation are intrinsic and extrinsic
motivations.

27. COGNITIVE APPROACH
INTRINSIC MOTIVATION
•refers to internal factors like self-
determination, curiosity,
challenge, and effort.

28. COGNITIVE APPROACH
EXTRINSIC MOTIVATION
•involves outside factors such as
rewards and punishments.

29. COGNITIVE APPROACH
Some psychologists contend that many successful
individuals are both intrinsically and extrinsically
motivated.

30. EMOTIONAL INTELLIGENCE
 is measured by Emotional Quotient.
 refers to the abilities to perceive, appraise, understand, and
express emotions accurately and appropriately.
 has an intellectual component, especially in using emotions to
facilitate thinking or logical reasoning.

31. REASONING
is a mental process that involves using and
applying knowledge to solve problems,
make plans or decisions, and achieve one’s
goals.

32. KINDS OF REASONING
DEDUCTIVE
• reasoning begins with making a general assumption that
is known or believed to be true, and then drawing specific
conclusions based on this assumption.
• It is the reasoning that helps one make a particular
conclusion from a general assumption.

33. KINDS OF REASONING
INDUCTIVE
• is the process in which a conclusion is determined
based on a number of true facts or premises.

34. INDUCTIVE REASONING
Hypothesis is a statement that must be tested by gathering
data. It is an expectation of what is going to happen.
Biased reasoning refers to the act of jumping to conclusion
before even knowing all the facts.
Confirmation bias is the tendency to look for information that
supports one’s decisions and beliefs while ignoring
disconfirming information.

35. THE END
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