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Music in the Renaissance period
The Renaissance was a cultural and intellectual movement between the 14th and 17th centuries that began in Italy and spread throughout Europe. It marked the transition from the Middle Ages to modernity and a rebirth of ideas from ancient Greece and Rome. Music expanded significantly during this period, moving beyond the church to noble courts which employed large chapels of musicians. Renaissance music was characterized by polyphonic compositions, with sacred music like the mass and motet dominating initially before the rise of secular genres like the madrigal and villancico. Several European schools of composition emerged across Italy, France, Spain and elsewhere to advance Renaissance music.
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Music in the Renaissance period
- 1. RENAISSANCE Víctor Acevedo González,nº1 Lucía Allen Fano, nº3 Iván Bueno Ferrero, nº7 2ºE.S.O. B
- 2. RENAISSANCE • 14th to17th century. • Started in Florence, Italy. • Cultural bridge that marked the start of the Early Modern Age. • Ancient Rome and Greece ideas reborned. • Great intellectual and cultural movement: Humanism • “Humans are the centre of the Universe” • “Do your best at Earth!” Vitruvian Man, Leonardo da Vinci
- 3. La Gioconda, Leonardo daVinci Fractionary numbers, Christoff Rudolff Thomas á KempisEl Quijote, Miguel de Cervantes MUSIC ART LITERATURE PHILOSOPHY SCIENCE RENAISSANCE
- 4. • Before thisperiod, the most important music was played by the Church. • Renaissance -> Music expanded to nobles’ palaces. • Music started to be considered an art form. • Princes and dukes created chapels: • 15-20 musicians. • Leaded by the Kappelmeister. MUSICAL RENAISSANCE
- 5. CHARACTERISTICS OF RENAISSANCE MUSIC: •JUST POLYPHONY!: • Counterpoint polyphony. • Homophonic polyphony. • The rhythm was regular. • The beats were soft (except in dances). • Lyrics were very important. • Emphasize • Equilibrium between voices. MUSICAL RENAISSANCE
- 6. • MASS: • Musicalform based on the union of sacred texts • MOTET: • Polyphonic composition without accompainment. • Doesn’t overlap different lyrics. • Most important composers: • Giovanni Pierluigi da Palestrina • Orlando di Lasso (Italy) • Tomás Luis de Victoria & Cristóbal Morales(Spain) RELIGIOUS VOCAL MUSIC
- 7. •PROTESTANT REFORMATION: • Germany1519, Martin Luther creates Protestantism. • Brought several changes to music: • Music began to be written in German. • Chorale; the most important protestant music genre. • Simple, four voice work. • Sung in German. • Homophony. RELIGIOUS VOCAL MUSIC • Anglican Church -> ANTHEM Marthin Luther, “creator” of Protestantism.
- 8. •COUNTER-REFORMATION: • The Catholicchurch was worried about internal fights. • Trent Council (1545-1563): • The songs were written in Latin. • Any Secular theme was forbidden. • Polyphony was simplified. RELIGIOUS VOCAL MUSIC Pope Paul III, convener of the Council of Trent.
- 9. • Different ineach area. • ITALY (Madrigal): • Complex polyphony. • Sung by 4 to 5 voices. • Usually, was sung a capella. • Luca Marenzio & Claudio Monteverdi. • SPAIN (Villancico): • NOT RELATED TO CHRISTMAS. • Sung in Spanish. • Juan del Enzina. SECULAR VOCAL MUSIC
- 10. • Was beingforgotten. • JUST to entertain people. • PRESS INVENTION (~1440): • Musicians printed and spread a great number of works. • Sheet music. • Music theory books. • Anyone might get involved in music world. INSTRUMENTAL MUSIC • Scores based on vocal works: • In the beginning -> Sung by several voices. • Later -> Adapted for instruments. • Scores based on improvisation: - Were improvised with a written reference. - Were invented as the music was playing. • Scores written for being danced: • Sung by four voices. • Generally homophonic. • Basse danse • Pavane • Galliard • Allemande • Courante.
- 11. FRANCO-FLEMISH SCHOOL: • NowadaysNetherlands and France. • Josquin des Prez & Orlando di Lasso. • Whole Europe’s polyphonic music improvement. SPANISH SCHOOL: • Deep and dramatic music. • Cristóbal De Morales & Tomás Luis de Victoria. EUROPEAN SCHOOLS Cristóbal de Morales, Spanish school
- 12. VENETIAN SCHOOL: • VERYIMPORTANT for Music History. • Its innovations introduced marked the end of Mussical Renaissance. • Beginning of the BAROQUE. • Considered to be the creator of music for two or more choirs. • Adrian Willaert (Creator of the school) & Claudio Monteverdi. EUROPEAN SCHOOLS Adrian Willaert, Creator of Spanish school