Mushroom cultivation
Agaricus bisporus
Straw mushroom cultivation
Temperate mushroom
How to cultivate button mushroom
White button mushroom
Methodology of mushroom cultivation
Study of button mushroom cultivation
Research in Mauritius
The document discusses mushroom cultivation research in Mauritius. It summarizes that research on cultivating the popular button mushroom (Agaricus bisporus) started in the 1970s but was abandoned due to unsuitability of strains for the tropical climate. While a few growers have attempted cultivating shiitake and wood ear mushrooms, research on button mushroom cultivation has been lacking. The document proposes research activities to develop a cultivation package for Agaricus bisporus in Mauritius, including introducing suitable tropical and subtropical strains, and assessing their growth on different media and substrates.
This document discusses mushroom cultivation using the oyster mushroom species Pleurotus sajar caju. It describes how P. sajar caju was grown on paddy straw, which is easily available in the local Konkan region of India. Various supplements like wheat bran, cotton seed cake, and gram dal flour were added to paddy straw to increase yield. The highest yield was obtained from paddy straw supplemented with cotton seed cake. Fresh mushrooms were also used to make value-added products like pakoras, pulav, and pickle. The document provides details on the steps involved in spawn preparation, substrate preparation, bed preparation, cropping, and harvesting of P. sajar caju mushrooms grown on supplemented
The document summarizes research on the mycelial colony proliferation of oyster mushrooms on different media and temperatures. It found that potato dextrose agar and corn meal agar media supported the best mycelial growth of oyster mushroom strains, with diameters ranging from 3.92 to 9 cm over 8 days. Temperature also impacted growth, with mushrooms performing best at 25°C compared to 28°C. The research was conducted to identify optimal conditions for spawn production of oyster mushrooms to support cultivation.
Bio fertilizer for Plant pathology Bsc Agriculture B.Sc. in Agriculture is a fascinating field that involves studying various aspects of agriculture, including crop production, soil science, plant breeding, agricultural economics, and more.Biofertilizers are natural substances that contain beneficial microorganisms like bacteria, fungi, or algae. These microorganisms help enhance soil fertility and plant growth by fixing nitrogen, solubilizing phosphorus, and producing growth-promoting substances.They are eco-friendly and can be used as an alternative to chemical fertilizers, promoting sustainable agriculture practices. Common types of biofertilizers include Rhizobium, Azotobacter, Azospirillum, and mycorrhizal fungi.Plant pathology is the study of diseases that affect plants. It is an important branch of agricultural and environmental science that focuses on understanding the causes, mechanisms, and management of plant diseases.Plant pathologists investigate various factors, including pathogens (bacteria, fungi, viruses, nematodes, etc.), environmental conditions, and host plant interactions that lead to diseases. Their research aims to develop strategies to control and manage plant diseases, ensuring the health and productivity of crops and plants in agriculture, horticulture, and forestry.
morphological and physiological variation of fusarium oxysporum f. sp. ciceri...IJEAB
Nine isolates of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. ciceri infecting chickpea were collected from major chickpea growing areas of Bangladesh and their cultural, morphological, physiological and pathogenic characteristics were described. The isolates varied significantly in their cultural, morphological and physiological traits, i.e. colony color, shape, margin and texture; mycelial radial growth and spore production. Laboratory studies were conducted to study the effect of different culture media, pH and temperature levels on mycelial growth and sporulation of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. ciceri. Mycelial radial growth and sporulation of F. oxysporum was maximum for all the isolates at 25°C after seven days of inoculation, which was reduced drastically below 15°C and above 35°C. No growth and sporulation was observed at 5 °C temperature for all the isolates. The most suitable pH level for growth and sporulation of the fungus was at pH 6.0. The fungus grew well on oat meal agar medium among seven culture media tested. No sporulation was observed on WA medium. The highest number of macro spores (3.27 x 105 ml-1) and micro spores (4.06 x 105 ml-1) were produced on PDA. Among the nine tested isolates, only one isolate (FOC-1) found to be highly virulent (HV) type on reaction on chickpea variety BARI Chola –1.
References:
Categories of mushrooms
Life cycle
Nutritional Importance
Cultivation process
Cultivation of button mushroom
Cultivation of Paddy straw mushroom
Cultivation of Oyster mushroom
Cultivation of Milky mushroom
Cultivation of Shiitake mushroom
This document provides information about mushroom technology and mushroom cultivation. It discusses the nutritional value and medicinal properties of mushrooms. It then describes the cultivation process of three common mushrooms - button mushroom, milky mushroom, and oyster mushroom. For each mushroom, it explains the substrate processing, bag preparation, incubation, cropping, harvesting and expected yields. Finally, it shares eight mushroom recipes.
Mushroom cultivation
Agaricus bisporus
Straw mushroom cultivation
Temperate mushroom
How to cultivate button mushroom
White button mushroom
Methodology of mushroom cultivation
Study of button mushroom cultivation
Research in Mauritius
The document discusses mushroom cultivation research in Mauritius. It summarizes that research on cultivating the popular button mushroom (Agaricus bisporus) started in the 1970s but was abandoned due to unsuitability of strains for the tropical climate. While a few growers have attempted cultivating shiitake and wood ear mushrooms, research on button mushroom cultivation has been lacking. The document proposes research activities to develop a cultivation package for Agaricus bisporus in Mauritius, including introducing suitable tropical and subtropical strains, and assessing their growth on different media and substrates.
This document discusses mushroom cultivation using the oyster mushroom species Pleurotus sajar caju. It describes how P. sajar caju was grown on paddy straw, which is easily available in the local Konkan region of India. Various supplements like wheat bran, cotton seed cake, and gram dal flour were added to paddy straw to increase yield. The highest yield was obtained from paddy straw supplemented with cotton seed cake. Fresh mushrooms were also used to make value-added products like pakoras, pulav, and pickle. The document provides details on the steps involved in spawn preparation, substrate preparation, bed preparation, cropping, and harvesting of P. sajar caju mushrooms grown on supplemented
The document summarizes research on the mycelial colony proliferation of oyster mushrooms on different media and temperatures. It found that potato dextrose agar and corn meal agar media supported the best mycelial growth of oyster mushroom strains, with diameters ranging from 3.92 to 9 cm over 8 days. Temperature also impacted growth, with mushrooms performing best at 25°C compared to 28°C. The research was conducted to identify optimal conditions for spawn production of oyster mushrooms to support cultivation.
Bio fertilizer for Plant pathology Bsc Agriculture B.Sc. in Agriculture is a fascinating field that involves studying various aspects of agriculture, including crop production, soil science, plant breeding, agricultural economics, and more.Biofertilizers are natural substances that contain beneficial microorganisms like bacteria, fungi, or algae. These microorganisms help enhance soil fertility and plant growth by fixing nitrogen, solubilizing phosphorus, and producing growth-promoting substances.They are eco-friendly and can be used as an alternative to chemical fertilizers, promoting sustainable agriculture practices. Common types of biofertilizers include Rhizobium, Azotobacter, Azospirillum, and mycorrhizal fungi.Plant pathology is the study of diseases that affect plants. It is an important branch of agricultural and environmental science that focuses on understanding the causes, mechanisms, and management of plant diseases.Plant pathologists investigate various factors, including pathogens (bacteria, fungi, viruses, nematodes, etc.), environmental conditions, and host plant interactions that lead to diseases. Their research aims to develop strategies to control and manage plant diseases, ensuring the health and productivity of crops and plants in agriculture, horticulture, and forestry.
morphological and physiological variation of fusarium oxysporum f. sp. ciceri...IJEAB
Nine isolates of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. ciceri infecting chickpea were collected from major chickpea growing areas of Bangladesh and their cultural, morphological, physiological and pathogenic characteristics were described. The isolates varied significantly in their cultural, morphological and physiological traits, i.e. colony color, shape, margin and texture; mycelial radial growth and spore production. Laboratory studies were conducted to study the effect of different culture media, pH and temperature levels on mycelial growth and sporulation of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. ciceri. Mycelial radial growth and sporulation of F. oxysporum was maximum for all the isolates at 25°C after seven days of inoculation, which was reduced drastically below 15°C and above 35°C. No growth and sporulation was observed at 5 °C temperature for all the isolates. The most suitable pH level for growth and sporulation of the fungus was at pH 6.0. The fungus grew well on oat meal agar medium among seven culture media tested. No sporulation was observed on WA medium. The highest number of macro spores (3.27 x 105 ml-1) and micro spores (4.06 x 105 ml-1) were produced on PDA. Among the nine tested isolates, only one isolate (FOC-1) found to be highly virulent (HV) type on reaction on chickpea variety BARI Chola –1.
References:
Categories of mushrooms
Life cycle
Nutritional Importance
Cultivation process
Cultivation of button mushroom
Cultivation of Paddy straw mushroom
Cultivation of Oyster mushroom
Cultivation of Milky mushroom
Cultivation of Shiitake mushroom
This document provides information about mushroom technology and mushroom cultivation. It discusses the nutritional value and medicinal properties of mushrooms. It then describes the cultivation process of three common mushrooms - button mushroom, milky mushroom, and oyster mushroom. For each mushroom, it explains the substrate processing, bag preparation, incubation, cropping, harvesting and expected yields. Finally, it shares eight mushroom recipes.
The document outlines the schedule and topics covered during an on-campus training phase for an agriculture program, including lectures and practical demonstrations on topics like entomology, plant pathology, soil science, and microbiology. It provides details of procedures demonstrated like rearing insects, isolating microbes, and analyzing soil properties. The training phase aims to orient students to various agriculture subjects and hands-on skills through interactions with course teachers and activities.
Conversion of crop waste in to pink oyster mushroom pleurotus eous.Dr. siddhant
This study evaluated 10 locally available crop wastes for their suitability as substrates for growing the pink oyster mushroom Pleurotus eous. The time required for spawn running, pinhead initiation and fruit body maturation was shortest on paddy straw and it produced the highest yield (330g) and biological efficiency (66%). Paddy straw was found to be a better substrate than the control wheat straw for cultivating P. eous mushrooms based on yield and growth parameters. The study demonstrated that agricultural waste materials can be effectively utilized for mushroom cultivation.
An Approach to Improve Yield Parameters of Pleurotus florida Strain P1Dr. siddhant
Aim: The efficient mushroom production involves many factors of which spawn production, culture methods and substrate selection are of prime importance. The research has, therefore, been carried out to standardize these aspects in present communication, for production of Pleurotus florida Strain P1.
Materials and Methods: Various cereals (maize, oat, barley) and millets (Italian millets, Little millet, Pearl millet) were assessed against wheat grain spawn for enhancing yield and biological efficiency of mushroom. Most suitable wheat straw component among fine pieces of leaves and leaf sheath (0.2
cm), coarse pieces of leaves and leaf sheath (0.4 cm), small (1.0 cm) and large pieces of the stem (1.7 cm) were also evaluated for the manifestations above. Various culture methods viz., bag, column, wall and tray culture and few substrate mixtures (corncob + wheat straw, mango sawdust + wheat straw and rice husk + wheat straw) have also been taken to increase yield performance of mushroom.
Results: The result showed that barley and oat grains produced good quality spawn in terms of quick mycelial running on the grain surface (14 days each). These spawn produced acceleration of spawn running and increased yield, as compared to other types of spawn. When different components of wheat straw were evaluated for the yield performance of mushroom, the course pieces of the stem (1.0 cm) proved the most appropriate component in relation to very low/zero contamination along highest yield (819 gm) and biological efficiency (163.8%). In contrast, wheat straw and corn cob were
recognized as the best substrate combination with highest yield (707 gm) and biological efficiency (141.4%) of mushrooms. Among different culture techniques used, only the column method gave significant yield (930 gm) and biological efficiency (186%) with appropriate mushrooms sizes from
packaging point of view.
Conclusion: The results obtained during the study revealed that by adopting the composite approach, the growers enhance mushroom production in manyfolds. The mushroom is cultivated by following column method. The wheat straw devoid from pieces of leaf & leaf sheath should be utilized
as a substrate with corncob combination. It should be inoculated with oat/barley spawn to higher yield.
Comparison of Growth and Development of Pleurotus florida against Wastes from...Dr. siddhant
Two wastes from animal origin, viz., human hairs and egg shells were evaluated for different manifestations of white oyster mushroom, Pleurotus florida. The mushroom utilized both the
substrates for their growth and sporophore formation. The mycelial growth was significantly (P=0.05) faster on egg shell (18 days) as compared to human hair (23 days). The crop of mushroom was harvested in four flushes where human hairs showed higher yield and biological efficiency of mushroom (165 gm, 33%) than egg shells (155 gm, 31%), respectively. In respect of yield parameters such as yield, biological efficiency, number of mushroom fruit bodies and average weight of
sporophores, both the substrates were statistically at par to each other. Utilization of human hairs egg shells by P. florida reveals a new strategy for mycoremediation of these wastes.
I presented on a mushroom cultivation project, discussing aspects like growing environment, harvesting, market demand, costs and revenue, and project budget. I also highlighted challenges and solutions implemented, showing the project's potential as profitable and sustainable venture.
This document discusses mushrooms and mushroom cultivation. It begins by defining mushrooms as fungi that can be consumed and notes that over 60,000 types exist worldwide but only 60 can be artificially cultivated. Key points made include that mushrooms are a nutritious crop that can grow on agricultural waste at low cost, providing vitamins, proteins, and potential medical benefits. Common cultivable mushrooms like oyster, button, and shiitake mushrooms are described. The document outlines the simple process for cultivating oyster mushrooms through substrate preparation, spawn inoculation, fruiting, and management. It estimates high potential income for small scale mushroom farmers.
In Vitro Seed Germination Studies and Flowering in Micropropagated Plantlets ...IOSR Journals
This document summarizes a study on the in vitro seed germination and flowering of micropropagated plantlets of Dendrobium ovatum Lindl. Various basal media including MS, B5, KC, and VW were tested with different concentrations of auxins and cytokinins. VW medium supplemented with 0.5 mg/L BAP and 5 mg/L NAA was found most suitable, promoting 95% plantlet formation. VW medium with 0.5 mg/L BAP and 2 mg/L IAA induced rooting and supported in vitro flowering, with plantlets producing 10-12 flowers after 90 days. Hardened plantlets were successfully transferred to the greenhouse.
Evaluation of agricultural wastes for growth and yield of oyster mushroom (Pl...suraj soni
Suraj Soni conducted research on using different agricultural wastes to grow oyster mushrooms (Pleurotus florida). He found that wheat straw supported the fastest growth and highest yields of the mushrooms. Rice straw also performed well as a substrate. While other materials like wheat straw/rice straw mixtures, mustard straw, and maize straw can grow oyster mushrooms, wheat straw was determined to be the most suitable and productive agricultural waste for cultivating P. florida mushrooms commercially.
A Modified Approach in Substrate Preparation Technique for Small Scale Oyster...Dr. siddhant
Aims: Cultivation of oyster mushrooms has increased vastly in a global scale during last few
decades. Contaminants and indigenous microflora present in the substrate may led to the low
productivity of mushrooms. Keeping this in mind, the present study was under-taken with slight
modification in substrate preparation technique to eliminate dust particles from the substrate and to
assure contamination free mushroom production.
Study Design: Comparative evaluation between modified approach and control beds.
Place and Duration: The study was carried out in Shri Laxman Prasad Pyare Lal Agro Products,
Ayodhya during 2017.
Methodology: The wheat straw substrate was immersed in the drum containing tap water, mixing
properly and allowed to stand for 10-15 min to settle down the dust particle in the bottom of the
drum. After that, the floating substrate was transferred to the slant surface so that the extra water
was decanted off. This substrate was put in to the steam sterilised gunny bag and steeped in the
chemical solution consisting of Formaldehyde (500 ppm) and Bovistin (75 ppm) for 18 h. For the
Short Communication
Siddhant et al.; AJAHR, 2(2): 1-5, 2018; Article no.AJAHR.44907
2
control, fresh wheat straw was put in to the steam sterilised gunny bag and steeped directly in the
chemical solution as suggested above. After removal of excess water, the substrate was used for
spawning with inoculums of Pleurotus sajor-caju, Strain- Malaysia.
Results: Beds with modified approach showed a complete absence of contaminants during entire
crop cycle which showed the effectiveness of modified method while beds treated as control
showed little incidence of various contaminants viz., Alternaria alternata, Aspergillus fumigatus,
Curvularia sp., Penicillium sp., and Rhizopus stolonifer with 6.67-20.00 percent incidence.
Conclusion: The results revealed that the modified method should be considered to contamination
free mushroom production.
ADVANCES IN PRODUCTION TECHNOLOGY OF SWEET POTATOpavanknaik
This document provides information on sweet potato production technology and crop improvement. It discusses the botanical details of sweet potato, describes popular varieties from different research institutes in India, and outlines cultivation practices. It also summarizes some research studies that evaluated the effects of fertilizers, bio-regulators, and post-harvest techniques on sweet potato growth and yield.
Oyster mushrooms can be grown on a variety of substrates, including:
Paddy straw
Maize stalks/cobs
Vegetable plant residues
Sugarcane bagasse
Hulled maize cobs
Paddy straw is commonly used because it is inexpensive and easily accessible. To prepare the straw, cut it into 3–5 cm pieces and soak it in fresh water for 8–16 hours.
Oyster mushroom can grow at moderate temperature ranging from 20 to 300 C and humidity 55-70% for a period of 6 to 8 months in a year. It can also be cultivated in summer months by providing the extra humidity required for its growth. In hilly areas above 900m
Isolation of biocontrol agents Trichoderma sp. and Pseudomonas sp. from plantation and fruit crop rhizospheres. Soil samples were collected from crops' rhizospheres and serially diluted. The dilutions were plated on different media to isolate Trichoderma from TSM and PDA media and Pseudomonas from King's B media. The isolated cultures were subcultured and identified. Trichoderma culture was produced in flasks and mixed with talc powder to produce a biopesticide which was distributed to farmers.
Caracterizacion de pleurotus sp. aislado de la comunidad nativa korimani echa...Ana Maria Apellidos
This document describes the characterization of a wild Pleurotus sp. strain isolated from the native community of Korimani in Cusco, Peru. The strain was isolated from fruiting bodies on four solid culture media and identified as Pleurotus djamor. It grew well at 25°C with a daily growth rate of 1.1 cm/day. Fruiting bodies were produced after 7 days of incubation on local lignocellulosic residues (banana leaves and wheat stubble) under controlled conditions. Chemical analysis found the mushroom contains 19.46% protein and 57.31% carbohydrates, making it a promising genetic resource for the Cusco region.
This document summarizes a credit seminar on plant genetic resource management and future strategies in fruit crops. It discusses plant genetic resources, including landraces, obsolete cultivars, modern cultivars, wild forms, wild relatives, and mutants. It describes gene pools and types of seed collection for conservation. India is highlighted as one of the most biodiverse countries with centers of origin for crop plants. The document outlines genetic resource management activities and provides statistics on genetic resource collections for various horticultural crops in India. Future needs are discussed like increasing in situ conservation and meeting demand for nutrition. Case studies demonstrate in vitro preservation and cryopreservation methods for conserving grapevine genetic resources. The conclusion emphasizes the importance of genetic diversity and
The document is a project proposal and report on the production technology of milky mushroom submitted by 11 students. It includes an introduction to milky mushroom and its history. The key points are:
- Milky mushroom is a tropical mushroom native to Northeast India that was first cultivated commercially in the late 1990s.
- It has several advantages over other mushrooms like easy cultivation methods and low investment.
- The document outlines the materials, methods, and experiments conducted for mushroom cultivation including preparation of culture media, mushroom spawn, and growing mushrooms on straw.
- The results and conclusion of the experiments are summarized.
Yongli. screening for resistances to rice diseaseFOODCROPS
This document describes methods for screening rice for resistance to diseases. It focuses on screening for resistance to rice blast caused by the fungus Magnaporthe oryzae. Screening can be done in greenhouses by artificially inoculating rice seedlings or in blast nurseries with natural infection. For greenhouse screening, isolates are prepared from fungal stocks and sprayed onto seedlings, which are then evaluated for disease symptoms. Screening in blast nurseries involves planting test lines between spreader rows to ensure natural infection from diverse pathogen races under favorable conditions.
Influence of Plant Growth Regulators on Somatic Embryogenesis Induction in Se...IJEABJ
Seriphidium herba-album (syn. Artemisia herba-alba) is a medicinal, aromatic, greenish-silver herb. It is used widely in folk medicine for treatment of diarrhea, abdominal cramps and in the healing of external wounds. It's also used for the treatment of diabetes mellitus, neurological disorders as epilepsy, Alzheimer’s disease, depression and jaundice. In this study we assessed the protocol for callus induction, maturation of somatic embryogenesis, frequency of germination and conversion into plantlets for leaf explants of Seriphidium herba-album using different concentrations of PGRs. Highest induction frequencies of embryogenic calli occurred after 35 days on MS medium supplemented with 1.5 mg L-1 2,4-D and 0.5 mg L-1 BAP. Optimum MS medium for higher frequency of matured somatic embryos was recorded using 5.0 mg L-1 BAP and 0.5 mg L-1 NAA and somatic embryos also induced young in vitro grown plantlets when cultured in the medium containing GA3 and kinetin. Hence, attempts to induce direct somatic embryogenesis have been achieved up to embryo regeneration and maturation.
This document summarizes various biotechnological approaches that can be used to improve vegetable crops, including meristem culture, anther culture, embryo rescue, somatic hybridization, and somaclonal variation. Meristem culture is effective for eliminating viruses from plants and can produce virus-free generations. Anther culture can be used for hybrid development, inducing mutations, and generating male plants. Embryo rescue allows the recovery of interspecific hybrids and reduces breeding cycles. Somatic hybridization fuses cells from different species to transfer beneficial traits. Somaclonal variation induces heritable variations during tissue culture that can be selected for traits like stress tolerance. Case studies provide examples of applying each technique for different crops.
Level 3 NCEA - NZ: A Nation In the Making 1872 - 1900 SML.pptHenry Hollis
The History of NZ 1870-1900.
Making of a Nation.
From the NZ Wars to Liberals,
Richard Seddon, George Grey,
Social Laboratory, New Zealand,
Confiscations, Kotahitanga, Kingitanga, Parliament, Suffrage, Repudiation, Economic Change, Agriculture, Gold Mining, Timber, Flax, Sheep, Dairying,
Philippine Edukasyong Pantahanan at Pangkabuhayan (EPP) CurriculumMJDuyan
(𝐓𝐋𝐄 𝟏𝟎𝟎) (𝐋𝐞𝐬𝐬𝐨𝐧 𝟏)-𝐏𝐫𝐞𝐥𝐢𝐦𝐬
𝐃𝐢𝐬𝐜𝐮𝐬𝐬 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐄𝐏𝐏 𝐂𝐮𝐫𝐫𝐢𝐜𝐮𝐥𝐮𝐦 𝐢𝐧 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐏𝐡𝐢𝐥𝐢𝐩𝐩𝐢𝐧𝐞𝐬:
- Understand the goals and objectives of the Edukasyong Pantahanan at Pangkabuhayan (EPP) curriculum, recognizing its importance in fostering practical life skills and values among students. Students will also be able to identify the key components and subjects covered, such as agriculture, home economics, industrial arts, and information and communication technology.
𝐄𝐱𝐩𝐥𝐚𝐢𝐧 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐍𝐚𝐭𝐮𝐫𝐞 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐒𝐜𝐨𝐩𝐞 𝐨𝐟 𝐚𝐧 𝐄𝐧𝐭𝐫𝐞𝐩𝐫𝐞𝐧𝐞𝐮𝐫:
-Define entrepreneurship, distinguishing it from general business activities by emphasizing its focus on innovation, risk-taking, and value creation. Students will describe the characteristics and traits of successful entrepreneurs, including their roles and responsibilities, and discuss the broader economic and social impacts of entrepreneurial activities on both local and global scales.
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Similar to Mushroom Cultivation 1.pptx.............
The document outlines the schedule and topics covered during an on-campus training phase for an agriculture program, including lectures and practical demonstrations on topics like entomology, plant pathology, soil science, and microbiology. It provides details of procedures demonstrated like rearing insects, isolating microbes, and analyzing soil properties. The training phase aims to orient students to various agriculture subjects and hands-on skills through interactions with course teachers and activities.
Conversion of crop waste in to pink oyster mushroom pleurotus eous.Dr. siddhant
This study evaluated 10 locally available crop wastes for their suitability as substrates for growing the pink oyster mushroom Pleurotus eous. The time required for spawn running, pinhead initiation and fruit body maturation was shortest on paddy straw and it produced the highest yield (330g) and biological efficiency (66%). Paddy straw was found to be a better substrate than the control wheat straw for cultivating P. eous mushrooms based on yield and growth parameters. The study demonstrated that agricultural waste materials can be effectively utilized for mushroom cultivation.
An Approach to Improve Yield Parameters of Pleurotus florida Strain P1Dr. siddhant
Aim: The efficient mushroom production involves many factors of which spawn production, culture methods and substrate selection are of prime importance. The research has, therefore, been carried out to standardize these aspects in present communication, for production of Pleurotus florida Strain P1.
Materials and Methods: Various cereals (maize, oat, barley) and millets (Italian millets, Little millet, Pearl millet) were assessed against wheat grain spawn for enhancing yield and biological efficiency of mushroom. Most suitable wheat straw component among fine pieces of leaves and leaf sheath (0.2
cm), coarse pieces of leaves and leaf sheath (0.4 cm), small (1.0 cm) and large pieces of the stem (1.7 cm) were also evaluated for the manifestations above. Various culture methods viz., bag, column, wall and tray culture and few substrate mixtures (corncob + wheat straw, mango sawdust + wheat straw and rice husk + wheat straw) have also been taken to increase yield performance of mushroom.
Results: The result showed that barley and oat grains produced good quality spawn in terms of quick mycelial running on the grain surface (14 days each). These spawn produced acceleration of spawn running and increased yield, as compared to other types of spawn. When different components of wheat straw were evaluated for the yield performance of mushroom, the course pieces of the stem (1.0 cm) proved the most appropriate component in relation to very low/zero contamination along highest yield (819 gm) and biological efficiency (163.8%). In contrast, wheat straw and corn cob were
recognized as the best substrate combination with highest yield (707 gm) and biological efficiency (141.4%) of mushrooms. Among different culture techniques used, only the column method gave significant yield (930 gm) and biological efficiency (186%) with appropriate mushrooms sizes from
packaging point of view.
Conclusion: The results obtained during the study revealed that by adopting the composite approach, the growers enhance mushroom production in manyfolds. The mushroom is cultivated by following column method. The wheat straw devoid from pieces of leaf & leaf sheath should be utilized
as a substrate with corncob combination. It should be inoculated with oat/barley spawn to higher yield.
Comparison of Growth and Development of Pleurotus florida against Wastes from...Dr. siddhant
Two wastes from animal origin, viz., human hairs and egg shells were evaluated for different manifestations of white oyster mushroom, Pleurotus florida. The mushroom utilized both the
substrates for their growth and sporophore formation. The mycelial growth was significantly (P=0.05) faster on egg shell (18 days) as compared to human hair (23 days). The crop of mushroom was harvested in four flushes where human hairs showed higher yield and biological efficiency of mushroom (165 gm, 33%) than egg shells (155 gm, 31%), respectively. In respect of yield parameters such as yield, biological efficiency, number of mushroom fruit bodies and average weight of
sporophores, both the substrates were statistically at par to each other. Utilization of human hairs egg shells by P. florida reveals a new strategy for mycoremediation of these wastes.
I presented on a mushroom cultivation project, discussing aspects like growing environment, harvesting, market demand, costs and revenue, and project budget. I also highlighted challenges and solutions implemented, showing the project's potential as profitable and sustainable venture.
This document discusses mushrooms and mushroom cultivation. It begins by defining mushrooms as fungi that can be consumed and notes that over 60,000 types exist worldwide but only 60 can be artificially cultivated. Key points made include that mushrooms are a nutritious crop that can grow on agricultural waste at low cost, providing vitamins, proteins, and potential medical benefits. Common cultivable mushrooms like oyster, button, and shiitake mushrooms are described. The document outlines the simple process for cultivating oyster mushrooms through substrate preparation, spawn inoculation, fruiting, and management. It estimates high potential income for small scale mushroom farmers.
In Vitro Seed Germination Studies and Flowering in Micropropagated Plantlets ...IOSR Journals
This document summarizes a study on the in vitro seed germination and flowering of micropropagated plantlets of Dendrobium ovatum Lindl. Various basal media including MS, B5, KC, and VW were tested with different concentrations of auxins and cytokinins. VW medium supplemented with 0.5 mg/L BAP and 5 mg/L NAA was found most suitable, promoting 95% plantlet formation. VW medium with 0.5 mg/L BAP and 2 mg/L IAA induced rooting and supported in vitro flowering, with plantlets producing 10-12 flowers after 90 days. Hardened plantlets were successfully transferred to the greenhouse.
Evaluation of agricultural wastes for growth and yield of oyster mushroom (Pl...suraj soni
Suraj Soni conducted research on using different agricultural wastes to grow oyster mushrooms (Pleurotus florida). He found that wheat straw supported the fastest growth and highest yields of the mushrooms. Rice straw also performed well as a substrate. While other materials like wheat straw/rice straw mixtures, mustard straw, and maize straw can grow oyster mushrooms, wheat straw was determined to be the most suitable and productive agricultural waste for cultivating P. florida mushrooms commercially.
A Modified Approach in Substrate Preparation Technique for Small Scale Oyster...Dr. siddhant
Aims: Cultivation of oyster mushrooms has increased vastly in a global scale during last few
decades. Contaminants and indigenous microflora present in the substrate may led to the low
productivity of mushrooms. Keeping this in mind, the present study was under-taken with slight
modification in substrate preparation technique to eliminate dust particles from the substrate and to
assure contamination free mushroom production.
Study Design: Comparative evaluation between modified approach and control beds.
Place and Duration: The study was carried out in Shri Laxman Prasad Pyare Lal Agro Products,
Ayodhya during 2017.
Methodology: The wheat straw substrate was immersed in the drum containing tap water, mixing
properly and allowed to stand for 10-15 min to settle down the dust particle in the bottom of the
drum. After that, the floating substrate was transferred to the slant surface so that the extra water
was decanted off. This substrate was put in to the steam sterilised gunny bag and steeped in the
chemical solution consisting of Formaldehyde (500 ppm) and Bovistin (75 ppm) for 18 h. For the
Short Communication
Siddhant et al.; AJAHR, 2(2): 1-5, 2018; Article no.AJAHR.44907
2
control, fresh wheat straw was put in to the steam sterilised gunny bag and steeped directly in the
chemical solution as suggested above. After removal of excess water, the substrate was used for
spawning with inoculums of Pleurotus sajor-caju, Strain- Malaysia.
Results: Beds with modified approach showed a complete absence of contaminants during entire
crop cycle which showed the effectiveness of modified method while beds treated as control
showed little incidence of various contaminants viz., Alternaria alternata, Aspergillus fumigatus,
Curvularia sp., Penicillium sp., and Rhizopus stolonifer with 6.67-20.00 percent incidence.
Conclusion: The results revealed that the modified method should be considered to contamination
free mushroom production.
ADVANCES IN PRODUCTION TECHNOLOGY OF SWEET POTATOpavanknaik
This document provides information on sweet potato production technology and crop improvement. It discusses the botanical details of sweet potato, describes popular varieties from different research institutes in India, and outlines cultivation practices. It also summarizes some research studies that evaluated the effects of fertilizers, bio-regulators, and post-harvest techniques on sweet potato growth and yield.
Oyster mushrooms can be grown on a variety of substrates, including:
Paddy straw
Maize stalks/cobs
Vegetable plant residues
Sugarcane bagasse
Hulled maize cobs
Paddy straw is commonly used because it is inexpensive and easily accessible. To prepare the straw, cut it into 3–5 cm pieces and soak it in fresh water for 8–16 hours.
Oyster mushroom can grow at moderate temperature ranging from 20 to 300 C and humidity 55-70% for a period of 6 to 8 months in a year. It can also be cultivated in summer months by providing the extra humidity required for its growth. In hilly areas above 900m
Isolation of biocontrol agents Trichoderma sp. and Pseudomonas sp. from plantation and fruit crop rhizospheres. Soil samples were collected from crops' rhizospheres and serially diluted. The dilutions were plated on different media to isolate Trichoderma from TSM and PDA media and Pseudomonas from King's B media. The isolated cultures were subcultured and identified. Trichoderma culture was produced in flasks and mixed with talc powder to produce a biopesticide which was distributed to farmers.
Caracterizacion de pleurotus sp. aislado de la comunidad nativa korimani echa...Ana Maria Apellidos
This document describes the characterization of a wild Pleurotus sp. strain isolated from the native community of Korimani in Cusco, Peru. The strain was isolated from fruiting bodies on four solid culture media and identified as Pleurotus djamor. It grew well at 25°C with a daily growth rate of 1.1 cm/day. Fruiting bodies were produced after 7 days of incubation on local lignocellulosic residues (banana leaves and wheat stubble) under controlled conditions. Chemical analysis found the mushroom contains 19.46% protein and 57.31% carbohydrates, making it a promising genetic resource for the Cusco region.
This document summarizes a credit seminar on plant genetic resource management and future strategies in fruit crops. It discusses plant genetic resources, including landraces, obsolete cultivars, modern cultivars, wild forms, wild relatives, and mutants. It describes gene pools and types of seed collection for conservation. India is highlighted as one of the most biodiverse countries with centers of origin for crop plants. The document outlines genetic resource management activities and provides statistics on genetic resource collections for various horticultural crops in India. Future needs are discussed like increasing in situ conservation and meeting demand for nutrition. Case studies demonstrate in vitro preservation and cryopreservation methods for conserving grapevine genetic resources. The conclusion emphasizes the importance of genetic diversity and
The document is a project proposal and report on the production technology of milky mushroom submitted by 11 students. It includes an introduction to milky mushroom and its history. The key points are:
- Milky mushroom is a tropical mushroom native to Northeast India that was first cultivated commercially in the late 1990s.
- It has several advantages over other mushrooms like easy cultivation methods and low investment.
- The document outlines the materials, methods, and experiments conducted for mushroom cultivation including preparation of culture media, mushroom spawn, and growing mushrooms on straw.
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Yongli. screening for resistances to rice diseaseFOODCROPS
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Influence of Plant Growth Regulators on Somatic Embryogenesis Induction in Se...IJEABJ
Seriphidium herba-album (syn. Artemisia herba-alba) is a medicinal, aromatic, greenish-silver herb. It is used widely in folk medicine for treatment of diarrhea, abdominal cramps and in the healing of external wounds. It's also used for the treatment of diabetes mellitus, neurological disorders as epilepsy, Alzheimer’s disease, depression and jaundice. In this study we assessed the protocol for callus induction, maturation of somatic embryogenesis, frequency of germination and conversion into plantlets for leaf explants of Seriphidium herba-album using different concentrations of PGRs. Highest induction frequencies of embryogenic calli occurred after 35 days on MS medium supplemented with 1.5 mg L-1 2,4-D and 0.5 mg L-1 BAP. Optimum MS medium for higher frequency of matured somatic embryos was recorded using 5.0 mg L-1 BAP and 0.5 mg L-1 NAA and somatic embryos also induced young in vitro grown plantlets when cultured in the medium containing GA3 and kinetin. Hence, attempts to induce direct somatic embryogenesis have been achieved up to embryo regeneration and maturation.
This document summarizes various biotechnological approaches that can be used to improve vegetable crops, including meristem culture, anther culture, embryo rescue, somatic hybridization, and somaclonal variation. Meristem culture is effective for eliminating viruses from plants and can produce virus-free generations. Anther culture can be used for hybrid development, inducing mutations, and generating male plants. Embryo rescue allows the recovery of interspecific hybrids and reduces breeding cycles. Somatic hybridization fuses cells from different species to transfer beneficial traits. Somaclonal variation induces heritable variations during tissue culture that can be selected for traits like stress tolerance. Case studies provide examples of applying each technique for different crops.
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Level 3 NCEA - NZ: A Nation In the Making 1872 - 1900 SML.pptHenry Hollis
The History of NZ 1870-1900.
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Philippine Edukasyong Pantahanan at Pangkabuhayan (EPP) CurriculumMJDuyan
(𝐓𝐋𝐄 𝟏𝟎𝟎) (𝐋𝐞𝐬𝐬𝐨𝐧 𝟏)-𝐏𝐫𝐞𝐥𝐢𝐦𝐬
𝐃𝐢𝐬𝐜𝐮𝐬𝐬 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐄𝐏𝐏 𝐂𝐮𝐫𝐫𝐢𝐜𝐮𝐥𝐮𝐦 𝐢𝐧 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐏𝐡𝐢𝐥𝐢𝐩𝐩𝐢𝐧𝐞𝐬:
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𝐄𝐱𝐩𝐥𝐚𝐢𝐧 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐍𝐚𝐭𝐮𝐫𝐞 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐒𝐜𝐨𝐩𝐞 𝐨𝐟 𝐚𝐧 𝐄𝐧𝐭𝐫𝐞𝐩𝐫𝐞𝐧𝐞𝐮𝐫:
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إضغ بين إيديكم من أقوى الملازم التي صممتها
ملزمة تشريح الجهاز الهيكلي (نظري 3)
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تتميز هذهِ الملزمة بعِدة مُميزات :
1- مُترجمة ترجمة تُناسب جميع المستويات
2- تحتوي على 78 رسم توضيحي لكل كلمة موجودة بالملزمة (لكل كلمة !!!!)
#فهم_ماكو_درخ
3- دقة الكتابة والصور عالية جداً جداً جداً
4- هُنالك بعض المعلومات تم توضيحها بشكل تفصيلي جداً (تُعتبر لدى الطالب أو الطالبة بإنها معلومات مُبهمة ومع ذلك تم توضيح هذهِ المعلومات المُبهمة بشكل تفصيلي جداً
5- الملزمة تشرح نفسها ب نفسها بس تكلك تعال اقراني
6- تحتوي الملزمة في اول سلايد على خارطة تتضمن جميع تفرُعات معلومات الجهاز الهيكلي المذكورة في هذهِ الملزمة
واخيراً هذهِ الملزمة حلالٌ عليكم وإتمنى منكم إن تدعولي بالخير والصحة والعافية فقط
كل التوفيق زملائي وزميلاتي ، زميلكم محمد الذهبي 💊💊
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Answers are given for all the puzzles and problems.)
With Metta,
Bro. Oh Teik Bin 🙏🤓🤔🥰
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2. VASANTRAO NAIK MARATHWADA
KRUSHI VIDYAPEETH, PARABHANI.
S.C.S.P.A. COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE, ASHTI.
CULTIVATION OF WHITE BUTTON MUSHROOM
SUBMITTED BY:- SUBMITTED TO :-
NAME :- Khedkar Vikas Uddhav Proff. Sable M.V.
REG NO. :- 2020AGAS056
3. STUDENT INTRODUCRTION
Name :- Khedkar Vikas Uddhav
Reg. No. :- 2020AGAS056
Year :- 4th
Semester :- 8th
Course No. :- ELE PATH-486
Course Title :- Mushroom Cultivation Technology
College Name :- S.C.S.P.A. College of Agriculture, Ashti
4. Background Information
Mushroom
Belong to Kingdom Fungi
They are fruiting bodies of macro fungi
Chief recyclers of the planet
Can be
Poisonous – Amanita spp.
Non-poisonous – Lentinula spp.
5. Background Information
Mushroom
Nutritive value-contains protein, vitamin B & D, sodium, potassium &
phosphorus
Medicinal value-antitumout (Ganoderma Spp.), cholesterol reduction
(Pleurotus Spp.) & antiviral / antibacterial properties (Lentinus Spp.)
Popular cultivation mushrooms are Agaricus, Lentinus, Pleurotus,
Auricularia and Volvariella Spp.
7. Background Information
Mushroom research in Mauritius
Mushroom cultivation was initiated locally at the end of the 1970’s.
Cultivation of button mushroom has been attempted but was
abandoned due to unsuitability of the strain for our tropical
climate.
Few growers have attempted shiitake and wood ear mushroom
cultivation.
Research work on button mushroom is still lagging behind and
Mauritians are still showing interest for the cultivation and
consumption agaricous mushroom.
9. Agaricus mushroom
cultivation in the world
Cultivation of Agaricus has reached a level of
perfection in many countries
Several tropical and subtropical strains are now
available for cultivation in different parts of the
world.
10. Place or land preparation
Flat space – land
Good drainage
Near to water source
Open space
11. Straw selection
If possible use the lower part of straw (30 cm from
ground to above)
New straw (still contains high nutrition)
16. Step of cultivation
1. Place preparation
2. Soak straw in water 1-2 days
3. Mix straw mushroom seedling with supplementary food
4. Place mold on ground
5. Place soaked straw in mold 10 cm high
6. Place step 3 along straw edge
7. Add another layer of soaked straw to the mold 10 cm high
8. Place step 3 along straw edge
9. Continue process to fill mold and top with straw
10.Remove mold
17. Additional steps
Water (if low moisture)
Cover with plastic sheets and straw 3-4 days to control inside
temperature
Open plastic 15-30 minutes than reclose it again, spray moisture if
the pile is too dry
Harvest mushroom around day 7AM -9 AM (Morning)
18. General Problems
Chemical usage area/leaf over chemical
Material date expire/contaminate material
Seedling (too; young-old, breed not pure)
Season/temperature (mushroom do not like cool
temperature 20-40 C)
Re-cultivation in the same plot
Soaking technique
Insect pest and other (rat, bird, ant and contaminate
mold)
19. Growth requirement of Agaricus
Suitable mushroom cultures
Spawn
Substrate materials
Good casing material
Suitable environment
20. SUMMERY OF CULTIVATION
Steps involved in Agaricus cultivation
Selection of species
Selection of fruiting culture
Preparation of spawn
Preparation of compost (phase I and phase II)
Spawn run
Casing
Mushroom development
Harvest
21. Agaricus mushroom – most popular mushroom in
Mauritius
Research on Agaricus mushroom cultivation
1970’s was abandoned due to the requirement of
sophisticated and expensive technologies
Since then, no further research and cultivation
been conducted to cultivate button mushrooms
22. Preference for Agaricus mushroom rather than the locally
produced Pleurotus mushroom
Unavailability of a cultivation package for Agaricus
Availability of several tropical and sub tropical strains of
Agaricus from foreign mycological laboratories
Use of potential locally available mateials for Agaricus
cultivation
Reuse of agro wastes – reduce the level of pollution
caused through dumping of these wastes in the
environment.
23. Objectives of the Study
Introduction of strains of Agaricus spp.
Identification of suitable agar media, pH and incubation temperatures
for growth of button mushroom mycelium
Identification of suitable substrates, supplementation material and
substrate mixtures for cultivation of Agaricus mushroom
Determination of effect of composting on growth of mushroom
mycelium
Development of of mother spawn and spawn production protocol of
Agaricus mushroom
Economic analysis for the cultivation package proposed and provide a
cultivation package of Agaricus
24. Methodology for Cultivation
A number of activities has been proposed to achieve the obejectives
Introduction of strains of Agaricus
Assessment of in vitro behaviour of Agaricus on agar media at different
temperatures and pH
Assessment of in vitro performance of the strains on different substrate
materials
Study of the effect of different supplementation materials on in vitro
performance of the mushroom strains
Preparation of appropriate formulations of mother spawn and spawn of
Agaricus mushroom
Preparation of appropriate compost formulations and management of
fructification
25. Experimental Process of Culture
Introductionof strains of Agaricus & successful sub culturing on
agar media
Agaricus bitorquis
Agaricus blazei
Agaricus bisporus
Strains growing on agar media
26. Observation
Assessment of in vitro behaviour of strains growing on
different agar media such as
Potato dextrose agar, malt extract agar, corn meal agar, potato
carrot agar, oat meal agar, wheat agar, potato dextrose yeast
agar
Chemical analysis of potential substrates to determine
Nitrogen, potassium, sodium, calcium, phosphorus,
magnesium, manganese, selenium, boron, iron, zinc,
molybdenum, copper
