Musculoskeletal derivative of pharyngeal arches
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The document discusses the development of the pharyngeal arches and their derivatives. It describes the skeletal, muscular, and other derivatives that develop from each of the first, second, third, fourth and sixth pharyngeal arches. Examples of derivatives include bones such as the maxilla, malleus, incus, stapes, and hyoid bone. Muscular derivatives include the muscles of mastication and the intrinsic muscles of the larynx. Clinical correlations including Treacher Collins syndrome and mandibulofacial dystosis are also discussed.
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The pharyngeal arches develop in the foregut wall as rod-like mesodermal thickenings between the 4th and 5th weeks. Six arches form initially but the 5th disappears, leaving five. Each arch contains skeletal, muscular, nervous and vascular components. The arches contribute to structures of the head and neck. Between the arches, endodermal pouches form into the pharynx while ectodermal clefts form opposite. This process accounts for the development of many head and neck structures including muscles, bones and organs.
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This document provides an overview of the normal development of the branchial arches and pouches during embryogenesis. It discusses the components and derivatives of each of the first four branchial arches and pouches, including the muscles, nerves, arteries and skeletal structures derived from each. It also briefly outlines some anomalies that can occur due to abnormal development, such as Treacher Collins syndrome which affects structures from the first and second branchial arches.
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This document provides an overview of the normal development of the branchial arches and pouches during embryogenesis. It discusses the components and derivatives of each of the first four branchial arches and pouches, including the muscles, nerves, arteries and skeletal structures derived from each. It also briefly outlines some anomalies that can occur due to abnormal development, such as Treacher Collins syndrome which affects structures from the first and second branchial arches.
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The document discusses the pharyngeal arches, which form in the embryonic stage from mesoderm and include five pairs of arches. Between the arches form pharyngeal clefts lined by ectoderm and internally form pharyngeal pouches lined by endoderm. The arches give rise to muscles, bones, nerves and arteries. Abnormal development can result in conditions like branchial cysts. The pharyngeal arches also have clinical significance as their abnormal development can lead to conditions like agnathia, microstomia, mandibulofacial dystosis and Pierre Robin syndrome.
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The document summarizes the development of the pharyngeal arches and pouches in humans. It discusses that the pharyngeal arches develop as thickenings in the foregut wall to support the primitive pharynx. Originally six arches form, though the fifth is small and disappears. Between the arches are endodermal pouches and ectodermal clefts. The structures that derive from each arch are described, including muscles, arteries, nerves and skeletal elements. The fate of the endodermal pouches is also outlined, many contributing to structures of the ear, throat and thyroid gland.
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This document discusses the prenatal development of the maxilla. It begins with an introduction defining growth and its division into prenatal and postnatal periods. It then covers the primordia/germinal layers that form the craniofacial complex and the development of the face from processes including the frontonasal, maxillary, and mandibular processes. It specifically discusses the development of the maxilla, noting that it develops from the first brachial arch and ossifies from three centers between weeks 6-8 of prenatal development. The palate also begins developing around week 6 from two lateral palatine processes and the primitive palate. Cleft palate can occur if these structures fail to fuse properly.
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14. Explain the concepts of current of injury, J point, and their significance
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 11, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 9, Human Physiology - From Cells to Systems, Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
3. Chapter 29, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
4. Electrocardiogram, StatPearls - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK549803/
5. ECG in Medical Practice by ABM Abdullah, 4th edition
6. Chapter 3, Cardiology Explained, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK2214/
7. ECG Basics, http://www.nataliescasebook.com/tag/e-c-g-basics
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Musculoskeletal derivative of pharyngeal arches
- 1. By- Gursimrat Singh Chhabra 1st Prof Moderator- Dr. Rashmi Malhotra AIIMS Rishikesh
- 2. Development of muscles and skeleton from- 1. 1st arch 2. 2nd arch 3. 3rd arch 4. 4th and 6th arch ClinicalCorrelations
- 4. It is also known as Mandibular arch It has 2 processes- 1. Maxillary process 2. Mandibular process Each of the process has a central cartilaginous element- 1. Palato-pterygo-quadrate cartilage 2. Meckel cartilage
- 6. Maxillary process give rise to- 1. Maxilla 2. Zygomatic bone 3. Squamous part of temporal bone
- 7. Mandibular process give rise to 1. Malleus 2. Incus 3. Anterior ligament of malleus 4. Sphenomandibular ligament
- 8. Muscular derivatives include- 1. Muscles of mastication 2. Tensor veli palatini 3. Tensor tympani 4. Mylohyoid 5. Anterior belly of diagastric
- 9. It is also known as Hyoid arch It assists in the formation of side and front of the neck. It’s cartilage is known as Reichert’s cartilage.
- 10. Dorsal end forms- 1. Stapes 2. Styloid process Ventral part forms- 1. Lesser cornua of hyoid bone 2. Superior part of body of hyoid Perichondrium forms- 1. Stylohyoid ligament
- 11. Muscular derivatives include- 1. Muscles of face and scalp 2. Platysma 3. Stylohyoid 4. Stapedius 5. Posterior belly of diagastric
- 13. Skeletal derivatives include- 1. Greater cornua of hyoid bone 2. Lower half of body of hyoid Muscular derivative is- 1. Stylopharyngeus
- 14. Cartilage of 4th and 6th arch fuse together to form following cartilage- 1. Thyroid 2. Cricoid 3. Arytenoid 4. Corniculate 5. Cuneiform
- 16. Muscular derivatives of 4th arch are- 1. Cricothyroid 2. All intrinsic muscles of Soft palate exceptTensor veli palantini 6th arch derivatives are- 1. All intrinsic muscles of Larynx except Cricothyroid
- 19. Also known as Mandibulo-facial dystosis Caused due to mutation ofTCOF1 gene on 5th Chromosome
- 21. It is congenital condition of facial abnormalities. Characterized by micrognathia, cleft palate and glossoptosis. Caused due to genetic dysregulation of SOX9 gene.
- 22. Langman’s Medical embryology-13th edition Inderbir Singh’s Human embryology-11th edition Atlas of Human Anatomy by FH Netter- 7th edition www.teachmeseries.com www.medscape.net.in www.wikipedia.org www.researchgate.net www.listupon.com www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed www.newyorkentspecialist.com Dr. N Satyanaran’s presentation on development of arches Dr. Sherif Fahmy’s presentation on phyrangeal arches McGraw Hill book