Multicellularity may have evolved becauseQuestion 4 optionsbul.pdf
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Multicellularity may have evolved because: Question 4 options: bulk flow was needed to supply oxygen to interior cells single-celled organisms are not capable of carrying out all life functions increased body size allowed organisms to consume single-celled prey cells needed to develop a way to eliminate waste products bulk flow was needed to supply oxygen to interior cells single-celled organisms are not capable of carrying out all life functions increased body size allowed organisms to consume single-celled prey cells needed to develop a way to eliminate waste products Solution bulk flow was needed to supply oxygen to interior cells As the cells grow biger its surface to volume ratio decreases therefore these cells have difficulty in absorbing sufficient nutrients and transporting them throughout the cell. Multicellularity allows an organism to exceed the size limits normally imposed by diffusion..
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The purpose of management accounting is to support decision making by collecting, processing,
and communicating information that helps management plan, control, and evaluate business
processes and company strategy. According to business schools, the role of management
accountant is to perform a series of tasks to ensure financial security of the company as well as
help to drive overall business and management strategy.
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2 Provide high quality support
3 Prepare periodic financial statements
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5 Analyzing the financial implications of business decision
6 Liaising with other business managers and providing suggestions wherever required
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IB Biology 1.1 Slides: Introduction to Cells
Slides covering material from Topic 1.1 of the updated IB Biology syllabus for 2016 exams
Health, Biology Grade 9 Level Presentation
Grade 9 biology presentation, includes learning objectives
What would be the most effective method of reducing the incidence of .pdf
what regulations have been specifically implemented to monitor managerial accountants.
Solution
The purpose of management accounting is to support decision making by collecting, processing,
and communicating information that helps management plan, control, and evaluate business
processes and company strategy. According to business schools, the role of management
accountant is to perform a series of tasks to ensure financial security of the company as well as
help to drive overall business and management strategy.
Traditionally the task of management accountant focused on the task of recording and reporting
the management account information. With the change in technology, business environment,
new production methods, global competition the role of management accountant has been
shifted. Companies need to plan their operating activities within a particular budget. The role of
management accountant now includes formulating strategic business plans and ensures corporate
governance process. Management accountants are required to ensure adequate internal control
system exists and also to [provide risk management. Technological advancement allows
management accountant to track performance that is beyond historical cost based information. E-
commerce has brought dramatic changes and role includes dealing with various ethical
dilemmas.
There are no specific regulations have been implemented to monitor managerial accountants
however it the duty of managerial accountant to follow these rules and regulations
1 Establish and maintain financial policies and management information system
2 Provide high quality support
3 Prepare periodic financial statements
4 Formulating business strategies
5 Analyzing the financial implications of business decision
6 Liaising with other business managers and providing suggestions wherever required
7 Implementing corporate governance procedures, risk management and internal control.
8 Negotiating on major projects and loans
9 Interpreting and communicating financial data to other departments
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How abundant are microbes on Earth? How abundant are microbes in/on our body? What are
the domains of life? Viruses? What is LUCA? How did evolution shape our planet? Major
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4. LUCA = Last Universal Common Ancestor. From this LUCA three domains formed. Those
are Eubacteria: Developed all modern bacteria, Archaea: Inxlude extremophiles and Eukarya: All
eukaryotes origin. All three domain organisms form producers, consumers and decomposers that
leads to ecological cycle
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organelles. Present 70s ribosomes. Eukarya contain all nucleated organisms. They contain
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Given that, in a virtual memory system, if the probability of a page fault is p, the mainmemory
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derive an expression for the average access time ta.
Solution
Expression:
average access time =hit* main memory access time + miss*secondary memory access time
So,
ta = (1-p) * tm + p * ts is the desired expression.
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How abundant are microbes on Earth How abundant are microbes inon .pdf
How abundant are microbes on Earth? How abundant are microbes in/on our body? What are
the domains of life? Viruses? What is LUCA? How did evolution shape our planet? Major
components of cells from different domains. Know and understand the contributions of Hooke,
van Leeuwenhoek, Cohn, Pasteur, Koch, Beijerinck, Winogradsky, and the Hesses to science and
microbiology What did they want to do? How did they accomplish them? e.g. Koch\'s postulate,
enrichment culture technique, etc.
Solution
3. Life domains are 3 types: Those are 1. Eubacteria, 2. Archaea, 3. Eukarya; Viruses are
semiliving organisms, in which, if host is absent, then virus is in non living, and host is present,
virus are living
2. Human micro biota is aggrigates of micro organisms reside in the body. In human body the
microbes and human cell ratios are in 3:1
4. LUCA = Last Universal Common Ancestor. From this LUCA three domains formed. Those
are Eubacteria: Developed all modern bacteria, Archaea: Inxlude extremophiles and Eukarya: All
eukaryotes origin. All three domain organisms form producers, consumers and decomposers that
leads to ecological cycle
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Expression:
average access time =hit* main memory access time + miss*secondary memory access time
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Describe how the effects of directional selection can be offset by gene flow.
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Lets just understand by an example:
A tribe of subterrestrial people has the ability to glow in the dark but if they keep marrying other
non-luminescent people then they will never become truly unique. So, the population undergoes
selection pressure from other population otherwise the gene from outside will impact or dilute
the impact of the origin gene this will lead to directional selection..
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together to simulate a car\'s fuel gauge and odometer. The classes you will design arc the
following: The FuelGauge Class: This class will simulate a fuel gauge. Its responsibilities are as
follows: To know the car\'s current amount of fuel, in gallons. To report the car\'s current
amount of fuel, in gallons. To be able to increment the amount of fuel by 1 gallon. This
simulates putting fuel in the car. (The car can hold a maximum of 15 gallons.) To be able to
decrement the amount of fuel by 1 gallon, if the amount of fuel is greater than 0 gallons. This
simulates burning fuel as the car runs. The Odometer Class: This class will simulate the car\'s
odometer. Its responsibilities are as follows: To know the car\'s current mileage. To report the
car\'s current mileage. To be able to increment the current mileage by 1 mile. The maximum
mileage the odometer can store is 999, 999 miles. When this amount is exceeded, the odometer
resets the current mileage to 0. To be able to work with a FuelGauge object. It should decrease
the FuelGauge object\'s current amount of fuel by 1 gallon for every 24 miles traveled. (The
car\'s fuel economy is 24 miles per gallon.) Demonstrate the classes by creating instances of
each. Simulate filling the car up with fuel, and then run a loop that increments the odometer until
the car runs out of fuel. During each loop iteration, print the car\'s current mileage and amount of
fuel.
Solution
//FuelGauge class
class FuelGauge
{
private int fuel;
public static int max_capacity = 15;
public FuelGauge()
{
fuel = 0;
}
// parameterized constructor
public FuelGauge(int oil)
{
if (oil <= max_capacity)
{
fuel = oil;
}
else
{
fuel = max_capacity;
}
}
// return amount of fuel
public int getfuel()
{
return fuel;
}
// add fuel till max capacity is reached
public void addfuel()
{
if (fuel < max_capacity)
{
fuel++;
}
else
{
System.out.println(\"Maximum capacity reached, Burn some fuel\ \");
}
}
// burn the fuel
public void burnFuel()
{
if (fuel > 0)
{
fuel--;
}
else
{
System.out.println(\"No fuel left, Add some fuel\ \");
}
}
}
//Odometer class
class Odometer
{
// maximum mileage
public int max_mileage = 999999;
// miles per gallon
public int fuel_economy = 22;
private int startmileage;
private int mileage;
// FuelGauge object
private FuelGauge fuelgauge;
public Odometer(int mlg, FuelGauge fg) {
startmileage = mlg;
mileage = mlg;
fuelgauge = fg;
}
public int getMileage()
{
return mileage;
}
public void addMileage()
{
if (mileage < max_mileage)
{
mileage++;
}
else
{
mileage = 0;
}
int d = startmileage - mileage;
if (d % fuel_economy == 0)
{
fuelgauge.burnFuel();
}
}
}
//Test class
public class Test
{
public static void main(String[] args)
{
FuelGauge f = new FuelGauge();
Odometer o = new Odometer(0, f);
for (int i = 0; i < FuelGauge.max_capacity; i++)
{
f.addfuel();
}
while (f.getfuel() > 0)
{
o.addMileage();
System.out.println(\"Mileage: \" + o.get.
Can anyone explain the common steps and differences of virus synthes.pdf
Can anyone explain the common steps and differences of virus synthesis in simpler terms? I am
most confused about the steps of viral synthesis within the host’s cell. How does it differ
between viruses that contain different types of RNA and DNA (ex. ss-, ss+ or ds).
Solution
In virology, mRNA is said to be plus (+) configuration and its complement is said to be minus (-)
configuration. Positive strand viruses begin with translation to produce replicase. However they
only make more positive than negative strand so it can\'t act as template (primer-like Ad) eg
poliovirus
Difference between ss (single stranded) and ds (double stranded) virus is that in ds RNA cell has
no enzyme to transcribe RNA into mRNA. Virus carries its own polymerase. eg. Picornaviridae,
Caliciviridae. In ss RNA (having +polarity) cell carries RNA-dependent DNA polymerase.
dsRNA is transcribed to mRNA by host cell polymerase. eg. retrovirus
-ssRNA using viral RdRP (RNA dependent RNA polymerase) makes +ssRNA. This ssRNA
makes viral proteins using host ribosomes. On other hand +ssRNA using this viral RdRP makes -
ssRNA and also viral proteins.
Virus synthesis in host cells can be described in following steps:
1. attachment and adsorption of virus to its host cell
2. penetration and uncoating of virus cover in the host cell
3. early viral mRNA synthesis and protein synthesis like polymerase enzyme
4. replication of viral genome
5. late viral mRNA and protein synthesis (maturation)
6. self-assembly and release of newly formed virus from the host cell as infectious particle.
B. Wildcat Plumbing Supply Inc. Do We Have Gender DifferencesWil.pdf
B. Wildcat Plumbing Supply Inc.: Do We Have Gender Differences?
Wildcat Plumbing Supply has served the plumbing needs of Southwest Arizona for more than 40
years. The company was founded by Mr. Terrence St. Julian and is run today by his son Cory.
The company has grown from a handful of employees to more than 500 today. Cory is concerned
about several positions within the company where he has men and women doing essentially the
same job but at different pay. To investigate, he collected the information below. Suppose you
are a student intern in the Accounting Department and have been given the task to write a report
summarizing the situation.
To kick off the project, Mr. Cory St. Julian held a meeting with his staff and you were invited. At
this meeting, it was suggested that you calculate several measures of location, create charts or
draw graphs such as a cumulative frequency distribution, and determine the quartiles for both
men and women. Develop the charts and write the report summarizing the yearly salaries of
employees at Wildcat Plumbing Supply. Does it appear that there are pay differences based on
gender?
Use the data from the case:
Write a report to Mr. Cory St. Julian addressing the case issues. Include in your report whether
you think there is a problem and any suggestions you might have.
40 pts - correct and thorough analysis including calculated measures, charts and distributions.
Solution.
Answer and explain.•In an organism with a diploid chromosome numbe.pdf
Answer and explain.
•In an organism with a diploid chromosome number of 2n=4 , assuming no crossing over, after
meiosis:
1)How many genetically different gametes could be formed?
2)How many genetically different zygotes could be formed following the fertilization?
3)Answer 1) and 2) if 2n=6.
Solution
1). If no crossing over occurs, all the gametes produced are similar to the parent.
2). Assuming no crossing over occurs after meiosis, all the zygotes formed are genetically
identical..
2) To study protein localization signals you engineered a yeast strai.pdf
2) To study protein localization signals you engineered a yeast strain that lacks two non-
essential genes: 1) DNAide and Timolase. replaced each endogenous gene with recombinant
forms that encode modified localization signals. A) DNAide is critical for DNA repair following
damage by UV light. The encoded amino acid sequence of each localization signal within the
modified DNAide gene is indicated in MMS FVSLLLVGILFWTA.. the figure to the right.
Predict how expression of the modified protein will impact yeast viability following exposure to
UV light. Be sure to NA TT COOH justify your answer in the context of where the modified
protein will NH localize within the cell. (4 points) KKKRK. B) Timolase is normally localized
inside the mitochondria where it helps to maintain proper H balance. This enables sufficient
energy production for cell growth when yeast are exposed to acidic environments. The
localization signals for the MLSLROSIRFFKPATRTLCSSRYLL.... modified Timolase gene
indicated in the figure to the right. Predict L COOH how yeast growth will be impacted when
cultures are grown NH Timolase media. Be sure to justify your answer in the i pH 3 modified
context of where the KDEL (4 points protein will localize within the cell. (4 points)
Solution
Answer:
2. (A) KKKRK is a nuclear localization signal (NLS) and proteins containing this sequence are
imported into the cell nucleus through nuclear transport.
Thus, the modified DNAide containing the KKKRK sequence will be localized in the nucleus.
So, it can act as a DNA repair protein upon DNA damage following UV exposure and help the
cell to survive.
(B) KDEL sequence when present prevents the secretion of proteins from the endoplasmic
reticulum (ER). It can also target proteins from other sites to the ER and can leave the ER only
when the sequence is removed.
The protein timolase is present inside the mitochondria and help maintain H+ balance. The
modified protein contains the KDEL sequence which targets and limits the modified timolase to
the ER. Thus, the protein can no longer maintain the H+ balance in the cell.
At acidic pH of 3, most of the proteins and enzymes inside the cell gets denatured. This may lead
to intracellular acidification and ultimately death of the cells by the ROS pathway..
42. The splanchnic nerves A) innervate the adrenal medulla B) are par.pdf
42. The splanchnic nerves A) innervate the adrenal medulla B) are part of the sympathetic
system C) usually synapse at collateral ganglia D) all of the above E) B and C only
Solution
The answer is
D. All of the above.
The splanchnic nerves are paired visceral nerves (nerves that contribute to the innervation of
internal organs). They carry fibres of the Autonomic Nervous System - most of them carry
Sympathetic fibres except the Pelvic Splanchnic Nerves which carry the parasympathetic fibres.
The greater thoracic splanchnic nerves provide the sympathetic innervation to the adrenal
medulla, stimulating catecholamine release.
These thoracic splanchnic nerves synapse in collateral ganglia as the CELIAC AND SUPERIOR
MESENTERIC GANGLIA..
________ is NOT a common cause for maintenance insomnia. Stress Eat.pdf
________ is NOT a common cause for maintenance insomnia. Stress Eating late at night
Substance abuse Psychological disorder RLS is characterized by differences in functioning.
endorphin GAQA serotonin dopamine Muscle paralysis with lingers with narcolepsy once the
person awakes can be resolved by. feeding the person touching the person letting The person
smell the scent of lavender whispering to the person After a period of most coma patients
recover, move to a vegetative state, or die. 2 to 3 days 5 days 1 week 2 to 4 weeks
Solution
13) Is not a common cause for maintenance insomnia
B)eating late at night
Insomnia is a sleep disorder, people have trouble sleeping. Psychological stress, chronic pain,
heart failure, heartburn, restless leg syndrome, hyperthyroidism, menopause, drugs such as
caffeine, alcohol and nicotine etc are responsible for insomnia. So, eating late at night cannot
cause insomnia.
14) Muscle paralysis that lingers with narcolepsy once the person awakes can be resolved by
B) Touching the person
Patients with narcolepsy will experience sleep paralysis or muscle paralysis, when the person is
awakens, just touch them to end the paralysis.
17) RLS is characterized by differences in functioning
D) Dopamine
Here the person will have uncomfortable sensations deep in the legs developing at rest. He
cannot move and is worst at night with sleep disturbance. It is believed that RLS is due to
functional disturbance of dopamine neurotransmission in case of subcortical areas of the brain.
18)After a period of------most coma patients recover, move to a vegetative state or die
D)2 to 4 weeks
It has been observed that coma rarely lasts more than 4 weeks. During this period some patients
move from coma to the vegetative state or some may regain partial consciousness or some may
die..
Write a simple JavaScript program in which the user selects choices .pdf
Write a simple JavaScript program in which the user selects choices from some of the following:
checkboxes, radiobuttons, pushbuttons, selections lists, and then the user clicks a submit button,
which then prints the choices that the use selected. Very simple JavaScript.
Solution
Male
Female
Other
Javascript -
function validate()
{
var val=document.getElementByName(\"gender\");
alert(\"you selected\"+val);
}.
Write code to open and read from a file called numbers this file c.pdf
Write code to: open and read from a file called numbers this file contains a comma-separated
list of numbers (example: 4, 5, 0, 3, 2, 1, 0, 7) count the number of \"Os\" in the file print the
result to a file called output (example: the file contained 2 zeros) Use exception handling to
handle the lO Exceptions. (Do not use \"throws lO Exception\")
Solution
import java.util.*;
import java.io.File;
import java.io.IOException;
public class ReadFile
{
public static void main(String[] args)
throws IOException
{
Scanner textfile = new Scanner(new File(\"Some_Numbers.txt\"));
filereader(textfile);
}
static void filereader(Scanner textfile)
{
int i = 0;
int sum = 0;
while(i <= 19)
{
System.out.println(textfile.nextInt());
sum = sum + textfile.nextInt();
i++;
}
}
}.
Why does Staphylococcus probably cause more contamination than Pro Pe.pdf
Why does Staphylococcus probably cause more contamination than Pro Peon Barnum even
though most people have higher numbers of the Lauer? Are most agar plates incubated
aerobically or anaerobically? Prepare a flowchart that would help you identify your skin biota
isolates.
Solution
The Staphylococcus and Propionibacterium are part of normal microflora of the human skin.
Staphylococcus colonizes at various part of the skin as skin comensal, but it can act as
opportunistic pathogen when it breaches skin surface and enters the bloodstream. Both
organisms are related and can be isolated from the infected part of the skin. Propionibacterium
causes mild infections related with skin, but post infectious stage becomes complicated due to
the contamination with Staphylococcus. The Propionibacterium is an anaerobic aerotolerent
which colonizes mainly on pilosebaceous follicles of the skin. The cellular damages and
metabolic byproducts due to the rapid growth of Propionibacterium in the follicle induces the
inflammatory reactions in the skin. Later this inflammation makes the affected tissues or cells
more susceptible for the colonization of Staphylococcus. It can leads to more complicated
chronic stages of infections.
The Propionibacterium can rolerate exposure to oxygen for several hours and is capable to
survive invitro under anaerobic conditions up to 8 months. Due to the oxygen tolerant
charecteristic, Propionibacterium is not reliably detected by aerobic culture because of slow
growth. To increase the detection in cultures, it is necessary to make a prolonged aerobic and
anaerobic incubation to 14 days in thioglycolate medium and routinely subcultured to agar
plates..
Which is the correct formula for Interest Coverage RatioQuestion .pdf
Which is the correct formula for Interest Coverage Ratio?
Question 13 options:
Net income / Interest expense
Interest income / Interest expense
Earnings before interest and taxes / Interest expense
Earnings before taxes / Interest expense
Net income / Interest expense
Interest income / Interest expense
Earnings before interest and taxes / Interest expense
Earnings before taxes / Interest expense
Solution
Interest Coverage ratio = Earnings before interest and tax / Interest Expense
Earnings before Interest and Tax =Sales – Cost of goods sold –Administrative expense –
Depreciation
Or Earnings before Interest and Tax = Net Income + Taxes + Interest Expense
Example: Suppose Earnings before interest and tax is 50000 and Interest expense is 10000, Then
Interest coverage ratio will be 5. [Calculation shown below]
Interest Coverage ratio = Earnings before interest and tax / Interest Expense
= 50000 / 10000 = 5.
Which of the following statements is TRUE for an organism that has a.pdf
Which of the following statements is TRUE for an organism that has an alternation of
generations life cycle:Diploid adults directly produce sexual cells that fuse during the process of
fertilization.
Solution
The correct answer is :There are two different forms of fully mature adults, and the two forms
cannot mate with one another.
Reason: The two different forms of fully matured adults are the sporophyte(2n) and the
gametophyte(n) that do not mate with one another..
what is a trans isomerSolutiontrans isomer is a form of geomet.pdf
what is a trans isomer
Solution
trans isomer is a form of geometric isomer. in trans isomer the functional group apper on the
opposite side of carbon carbon double bond.
trans isomer form when there is restricted rotation somewhere in the molecule due to the
presence of carbon carbon double bond. example trans 1,2-dichloroethane..
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