Muddy micros
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1. This system shows decomposition by microorganisms, the first step in petroleum formation. 2. Living microorganisms in the soil and pond water feed on organic material like newspaper and eggshells, decomposing them. 3. Evidence of microorganism activity is seen in the production of gas from decaying carbon in the organic materials.
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International drug rings operate across borders and countries. The UN established 3 drug control conventions to combat international drug trafficking through coordinated efforts such as extradition of traffickers between countries like the US and Colombia. Extradition disrupts drug rings by removing their leaders to face trial in countries where they have less influence. Countries also use technology at borders to intercept drug shipments smuggled through methods such as commercial vessels, vehicles, and recently even submarines.
Oklahoma summer2011 snot_
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Sports hernia good
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Pollinationvector
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Traveling Sound
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How to Make a Big Book
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LS 2 13 Balance in Nature
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Compost is a mixture of ingredients used to fertilize and improve the soil. It is commonly prepared by decomposing plant and food waste and recycling organic materials. The resulting mixture is rich in plant nutrients and beneficial organisms, such as worms and fungal mycelium. Compost improves soil fertility in gardens, landscaping, horticulture, urban agriculture, and organic farming. The benefits of compost include providing nutrients to crops as fertilizer, acting as a soil conditioner, increasing the humus or humic acid contents of the soil, and introducing beneficial colonies of microbes that help to suppress pathogens in the soil. It also reduces expenses on commercial chemical fertilizers for recreational gardeners and commercial farmers alike.
Leaf litter decomposition in agroforestry system
The document discusses the process of leaf litter decomposition through aerobic and anaerobic pathways. Aerobic decomposition is more common in nature and occurs in the presence of oxygen. It is carried out by living organisms that use oxygen to break down leaf litter. This releases carbon dioxide and generates heat. Anaerobic decomposition occurs without oxygen and results in unpleasant odors. It is a slower process. Both pathways recycle nutrients through microbial activity and the action of soil invertebrates and fungi. The rate of decomposition depends on environmental factors like temperature, moisture, and litter quality.
1. What roles does succession and phytoremediation play in ecology, .pdf
1. What roles does succession and phytoremediation play in ecology, evolution and the
ecosystems?
Succession plays a major role to change in environmental conditions that causes a pronounced
change in an ecosystem. Disturbances often act quickly and with great effect, to alter the
physical structure or arrangement of biotic and abiotic elements. Disturbance can also occur over
a long period of time and can impact the diversity within an ecosystem. Major ecological
disturbances may
include fires, flooding, windstorms, insect outbreaks and trampling. Earthquakes, various types
of volcanic eruptions, tsunami, firestorms, impact events, climate change, and the devastating
effects of human impact on the environment (anthropogenic disturbances) such as clear cutting,
forest clearing and the introduction of invasive species can be considered major disturbances.
This can be attributed to physical changes in the biotic and abiotic conditions of an ecosystem.
Because of this, a disturbance force can change an ecosystem for significantly longer than the
period over which the immediate effects persist. With the passage of time following a
disturbance, shifts in dominance, shifts in dominance may occur with ephemeral herbaceous life-
forms progressively becoming over topped by taller perennials herbs, shrubs and trees. However,
in the absence of further disturbance forces, many ecosystems will trend back toward pre-
disturbance conditions. Long lived species and those which can regenerate in the presence of
their own adults will finally become dominant. Such alteration, accompanied by changes in the
abundance of different species over time, is called ecological succession. Succession often leads
to conditions that will once again predispose an ecosystem to disturbance.
Phytoremediation play a major role to clean up contaminated environments including metals,
pesticides, explosives, and oil. Also help prevent wind, rain, and groundwater flow from carrying
contaminants away from the site to surrounding areas or deeper underground. Certain plants are
able to remove or break down harmful chemicals from the ground when their roots take in water
and nutrients from the contaminated soil, sediment, or groundwater. Plants can help clean up
contaminants as deep as their roots can reach using natural processes to:
• Store the contaminants in the roots, stems, or leaves.
• Convert them to less harmful chemicals within the plant or, more commonly, the root zone. •
Convert them to vapors, which are released into the air.
• Sorb (stick) contaminants onto their roots where very small organisms called “microbes” (such
as bacteria) that live in the soil break down the sorbed contaminants to less harmful chemicals.
2. Biogeochemical cycles, succession and phytoremediation. Explain how all three work together
for a positive outcome.
Biological diversity is dependent on natural disturbance. The success of a wide range of species
from all taxonomic groups is closely tied to na.
Mealworms chow down on plastic
Polystyrene is a polymer.
It is made of a long chain of repeating groups of atoms.
The chemical structure of those units makes it very stable and long lasting.
“People thought this compound could take a hundred years to be broken down”
The food that polystyrene protects, in contrast, can decompose in as little as a month.
However, a new study finds, hungry young insects can speed the plastic’s breakdown.
Feed polystyrene foam to common mealworms, and in just one day their gut bacteria can break down almost half of the foam they ate.
cyclingofmatter-120426071823-phpapp01.pptx
This document discusses several key concepts around biogeochemical cycles and how matter is recycled within ecosystems. It explains that matter cycles between living and non-living components, giving examples of important biogeochemical cycles such as water, carbon, oxygen, and nitrogen. It also describes how toxins can become more concentrated as they move up food chains due to biological magnification.
Chapter 15 and 16
The document summarizes several biogeochemical cycles including the water, carbon, oxygen, and nitrogen cycles. It also discusses ecological succession, population growth, human impacts on ecosystems such as algal blooms, biological magnification, and global warming. Key elements like carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, and nitrogen are recycled through these natural processes.
Terrestrial decomposition
This chapter discusses the key processes and controls of terrestrial decomposition. It describes the three main processes of decomposition - leaching of litter, fragmentation of litter, and chemical alteration. The chapter also addresses the temporal and spatial heterogeneity of decomposition rates. The main factors that control decomposition are the physical environment, substrate quality and quantity, and the microbial community present. Decomposition breaks down dead organic matter, releasing carbon and nutrients back into the ecosystem.
Exposicion compost 123
1. The document describes the process of composting, which involves microorganisms breaking down biodegradable organic matter into a stable product called compost.
2. It discusses the key factors that influence composting - temperature, moisture, pH, oxygen, and the carbon to nitrogen ratio - and outlines the different phases of composting based on temperature.
3. Experiments are described to produce compost from grass clippings and sawdust and monitor temperature changes over time to identify the different composting phases.
First Review Group 1 PPT.pptx with slide
This document discusses a project to design a cost-effective home composting system for daily kitchen waste. It was created by a group of civil engineering students at the Department of Civil Engineering. The system aims to quickly and odorlessly decompose food waste into compost. It describes the architectural design of the composting system, which has a two-layer inner and outer design with three 20L compartments. It also details the methodology for using the system, including adding coconut husk to control moisture and odor. The document reviews several relevant literature sources and references on composting systems.
6 composting
This document discusses composting and provides information on:
- Composting recycles yard and food waste that would otherwise be burned or sent to landfills.
- Composting can be done in Alaska by following the same scientific principles used elsewhere, as decomposition occurs naturally in Alaska forests.
- There are two types of composting - aerobic, which is faster and generates heat to kill pathogens, and anaerobic, which is slower and loses nutrients. The goal is aerobic composting.
- Proper management of materials, moisture, air, and organisms can control the composting process and produce quality finished compost.
Ecosystem structure
Ecosystem structures deals about the Different Components of the Ecosystem, its dynamics and energy level.
01 bad effects of changes in the environment
This document provides information about the bad effects of certain environmental changes. It discusses how pollution from garbage, chemicals, smoke, and other sources can negatively impact the air, water, and land. Cutting down forests can lead to habitat loss for animals and make the soil more vulnerable to erosion. The greenhouse effect from increased gases is causing global warming, which raises temperatures worldwide and could cause sea levels to rise from melting ice. Certain chemicals like CFCs also deplete the ozone layer, allowing more UV radiation to reach the earth's surface. The document encourages proper waste disposal and gives examples of human activities that should be avoided or reduced to prevent environmental degradation.
Decomposition in Relation to Real Estate.pdf
Explained in the presentation is Decomposition and the Biogeochemical cycles and its relation to real estate showing the effects of real estate development to the environment.
Role of microorganisms in climate change
carbon dioxide, nitrous oxide, methane production have a tremendous impact on climate change, microbes play a key role in the production and control of these gases
Expansive Clay Soil
The presentations covered carbon in soil and its importance, soil contamination from human activities, and dust as a soil management issue, with Richard discussing carbon storage, Julia examining contamination sources and impacts, and Craig focusing on dust control strategies.
Topic for green computing: Bioremedition.ppt
On the topic of Bioremediation.
Environmental Biotechnology -
the development, use and regulation of
biological systems for remediation of
contaminated environments (land, air,
water), and for environment-friendly
processes.
Bioremediation - the use of
microorganisms to remedy
environmental problems
What do they all have in common?
The advent of the Industrial Revolution
increase in products and waste
people moved to the city
increase in human population
Regulations were passed:
Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (1976)
Must identify hazardous waste and establish standards for managing it properly
Requires companies that store, treat or dispose to have permits stating how the wastes are to be managed
Record of its travels: Chain of Custody
EPA initiates the Superfund Program (1980)
Counteract careless and negligent practices
Environmental Genome Project
Study and understand the impacts of environmental chemicals on human diseases
Waste
Solid: landfills, combustion-including waste-to energy plants, recovery
slurries, composting
Liquid: septic: sewage treatment, deep-well injection
Gas: fossil fuels, chlorofluorocarbons
Hazardous –anything that can explode, catch fire, release toxic fumes, and particles or cause corrosion
Thanks!!
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Muddy micros
- 2. Standards Process standards Observe and Measure; Classify; Experiment; Interpret and Communicate; Inquiry Physical Science Content Standards Substances react chemically with other substances to form new substances with different characteristics (e.g., rusting, burning, reaction between baking soda and vinegar). National Science Education Standards Soil consists of weathered rocks and decomposed organic material from dead plants, animals and bacteria. Soils are often found in layers, with each having a different chemical composition and texture.
- 3. Start with a question.
- 4. Inquiry What processes help crude oil and natural gas form?
- 5. Concept Soil and water are full of microorganisms that can have a dramatic effect on the decomposition of dead plants and animals. This process, along with heat, pressure and time, can create crude oil and natural gas.
- 7. Activity – Muddy Microbes A changing model of decomposing living matter reacting and providing the element carbon which is involved in the formation of crude oil and natural gas.
- 9. Procedure 1. Remove any stones, twigs, or lumps from the soil.
- 10. Procedure 2. Make a compost mixture using the newspaper (organic), egg shells (carbonate), and egg yolk (sulfate) with a handful of soil.
- 11. Procedure 3. Pack the compost mixture in the bottom of the bottle using the dowel rod to compact the mixture and remove trapped air. The bottom layer should be a uniform depth of three to four centimeters. (2.45cm = 1 inch)
- 12. Procedure 4. Add soil to the bottle, using the dowel rod to compact the soil and remove trapped air. Continue until the column is packed to within five centimeters from the top of the bottle.
- 13. Procedure 5. Cover the surface of the soil with pond water, filling to the lower threads of the bottle.
- 14. Procedures 6. Seal the top of the bottle tightly and place the bottle in a window that receives INDIRECT SUNLIGHT. Temperature will affect the rate of reaction.
- 15. Procedure 7. Keep the bottle in the classroom and observe weekly for a minimum of three months. Record your observations. (NOTE: Watch for excessive gas buildup. Gas will need to be released as time passes. When releasing gas from the bottle, do not remove the lid in the classroom as contents will produce a strong odor. Direct bottle top away from the body and face.)
- 16. Summary 1. What do you observe?
- 17. Summary The system shows decomposition, which is one of the first steps in the formation of petroleum.
- 18. Summary How would this system relate to oil and natural gas formation?
- 20. Summary Yes, in water from pond and soil.
- 21. Summary How do these microorganisms affect the environment?
- 22. Summary The microorganisms feed on organic material, decomposing it.
- 23. Summary 5. What are the inorganic components of this system?
- 24. Summary Water, oxygen and rocks.
- 25. Summary What are the organic components of this system?
- 26. Summary Newspaper, eggs, microorganisms in pond water and soil, and bacteria.
- 27. Summary How do living organisms affect the soil column? What evidence do you observe?
- 28. Summary The organisms decay and form gas from carbon.
- 29. Summary This model shows that the soil and water are not lifeless parts of ecosystems. Soil and water are full of microorganisms that can have a dramatic effect on the environment.
- 30. Summary This system of microorganisms feeds on the decomposing organic material when oxygen is available. This process of life ensuing from life is known as biogenesis and is one of the first steps in oil and natural gas formation. Biogenesis is followed by diagenesis (non-organic reactions involving pressure, heat, etc.). As heat increases due to pressure created during diagenesis, microorganism activity stops. Living organisms produce carbon that is vital to energy-transfer and oil and natural gas production.