ABSTRACT- Introduction- Gall bladder carcinoma is the most frequent carcinoma of the biliary tract. Pure mucinous adenocarcinoma as seen in breast, skin, and pancreas are very uncommon in the gall bladder. Mucinous adenocarcinoma of gall bladder is rarer variant of gall bladder carcinoma.
Methods- We were reported a case of 55 years old male presenting at department of surgery of LLR and Associated Hospital with nonspecific symptoms of diffuse pain abdomen with nausea and vomiting, generalized weakness, itching all over body, jaundice associated with anorexia and weight loss for last 4 to 5 months, ultrasonography revealed gross thickening of wall of gall bladder neck with ill define mass lesion and diagnosis was confirmed by USG guided FNAC, Histopathological examination and Immunohistochemistry (IHC).
RESULTS- Patient present with pain abdomen, icterus and anorexia, on USG guided FNAC cytological and Histopathological findings are suggestive of mucinous adenocarcinoma.
Conclusion- Mucinous adenocarcinoma is the rarest variant of adenocarcinoma gallbladder. Incidental diagnosis of mucinous adenocarcinoma of gall bladder was found by USG guided FNAC followed by the histopathological examination.
Key-words- Mucinous Adenocarcinoma, Gall bladder, FNAC, Mucin
Pedunculated Lipoma of the Caecum Causing Colocolic Intussusception in an AdultKETAN VAGHOLKAR
Introduction: Colocolic intussusception in adults is uncommon and poses both a diagnostic
and therapeutic dilemma. The association of an underlying malignancy necessitates a preoperative
confirmation of diagnosis. The presenting features are variable. Hence contrast enhanced
computed tomography of the abdomen is pivotal for diagnosis. An en bloc resection
of the specimen in accordance with standard oncological principles is the mainstay of treatment.
Case report: A case of colocolic intussusception in an adult is presented to highlight the
difficulties in preoperative diagnosis and in selecting the best surgical option for treatment.
Conclusion: Adult bowel intussusception is a diagnostic dilemma with preoperative diagnosis
being the biggest challenge. CT scan of the abdomen is an excellent diagnostic modality with
high diagnostic accuracy. Explorative laparotomy with en bloc resection is mainstay of treatment
in adults.
Gastric neuroendocrine carcinomas are rare and have a poor prognosis. The present case concerns with a 55 year old female who presented with complaints of recurrent vomiting on and off, hematemesis and weight loss and history of lumbar stenosis. Esophagogastroduedenostomy (EGD) showed a large ulcerated growth in the antrum. Computed tomography abdomen revealed an ill defined soft tissue density in the gastric antrum, a partial gastrectomy was performed. Microscopic evaluation revealed a neuroendocrine neoplasm. Immunohistochemically positive for Chromogranin A and Non Specific Enolase (NSE). A diagnosis of Neuroendocrine carcinoma of the stomach was given based on recent WHO classification of Neuroendocrine carcinoma of the stomach and on mitotic index with reference to grading scale.
Non Hodgkin Lymphoma Of Caecum- A Case Reportiosrjce
IOSR Journal of Dental and Medical Sciences is one of the speciality Journal in Dental Science and Medical Science published by International Organization of Scientific Research (IOSR). The Journal publishes papers of the highest scientific merit and widest possible scope work in all areas related to medical and dental science. The Journal welcome review articles, leading medical and clinical research articles, technical notes, case reports and others.
Gastric Cancer - Deifinition , epidemiology , histological types and molecular genetics and WHO update
Reference - WHO Classificiation of tumors of Digestive system
Rosai and Ackermann
Pedunculated Lipoma of the Caecum Causing Colocolic Intussusception in an AdultKETAN VAGHOLKAR
Introduction: Colocolic intussusception in adults is uncommon and poses both a diagnostic
and therapeutic dilemma. The association of an underlying malignancy necessitates a preoperative
confirmation of diagnosis. The presenting features are variable. Hence contrast enhanced
computed tomography of the abdomen is pivotal for diagnosis. An en bloc resection
of the specimen in accordance with standard oncological principles is the mainstay of treatment.
Case report: A case of colocolic intussusception in an adult is presented to highlight the
difficulties in preoperative diagnosis and in selecting the best surgical option for treatment.
Conclusion: Adult bowel intussusception is a diagnostic dilemma with preoperative diagnosis
being the biggest challenge. CT scan of the abdomen is an excellent diagnostic modality with
high diagnostic accuracy. Explorative laparotomy with en bloc resection is mainstay of treatment
in adults.
Gastric neuroendocrine carcinomas are rare and have a poor prognosis. The present case concerns with a 55 year old female who presented with complaints of recurrent vomiting on and off, hematemesis and weight loss and history of lumbar stenosis. Esophagogastroduedenostomy (EGD) showed a large ulcerated growth in the antrum. Computed tomography abdomen revealed an ill defined soft tissue density in the gastric antrum, a partial gastrectomy was performed. Microscopic evaluation revealed a neuroendocrine neoplasm. Immunohistochemically positive for Chromogranin A and Non Specific Enolase (NSE). A diagnosis of Neuroendocrine carcinoma of the stomach was given based on recent WHO classification of Neuroendocrine carcinoma of the stomach and on mitotic index with reference to grading scale.
Non Hodgkin Lymphoma Of Caecum- A Case Reportiosrjce
IOSR Journal of Dental and Medical Sciences is one of the speciality Journal in Dental Science and Medical Science published by International Organization of Scientific Research (IOSR). The Journal publishes papers of the highest scientific merit and widest possible scope work in all areas related to medical and dental science. The Journal welcome review articles, leading medical and clinical research articles, technical notes, case reports and others.
Gastric Cancer - Deifinition , epidemiology , histological types and molecular genetics and WHO update
Reference - WHO Classificiation of tumors of Digestive system
Rosai and Ackermann
Colon cancer epidemiology, risk factors, and etiology, pathology, screening, diagnosis, workup, staging, treatment, chemotherapy and follow-up.
These slides are selections from the major references in surgery, oncology, and internal medicine. I have tried to gather the information from valid and recently-updated references such as NCCN guidelines and Cancer statistics. I hope it helps!
Stromal fibroepithelial polyps are benign lesions with slow-growing that appears in male and female. Those tumors are often asymptomatics and usually are diagnosed in obese patients as a mass in the genital area. Symptoms can appear depending on their location in the urinary tract or genitalia. For diagnosis, we normally use ultrasound, blood markers of testicular cancer, magnetic resonance imaging, and computed tomography scan. The treatment is surgical excision and the pathologist confirms the diagnosis with the presence of epidermal hyperplasia over a stroma of fibrous tissue, without dysplasia, usually with the presence of mucus and edema with a polymorphonuclear infiltrate at the chorion. The presence of acute vasculitis and abscess areas can be associated. The early diagnosis and treatment are important to despite the pseudosarcomatoid variant, metaplastic carcinoma and the association with the Beckwith–Wiedemann syndrome in neonates.
Linitis plastica is a diffuse form of gastric cancer and accounts for about 10% of all cases of gastric malignancy and its exact general population distribution is unknown. There are no characteristic or specific symptoms, the symptoms are similar to those of other forms of stomach cancer and can manifest as a feeling of fullness after eating, nausea and vomiting, epigastric pain, weight loss, and progressive dysphagia [1]. Plastic linitisis characterized by malignant glandular proliferation of cricoid cells in the fibrous stroma, which ultimately leads to thickening and rigidity of the stomach wall.
Linitis plastica is a diffuse form of gastric cancer and accounts for about 10% of all cases of gastric malignancy and its exact general population distribution is unknown. There are no characteristic or specific symptoms, the symptoms are similar to those of other forms of stomach cancer and can manifest as a feeling of fullness after eating, nausea and vomiting, epigastric pain, weight loss, and progressive dysphagia [1]. Plastic linitisis characterized by malignant glandular proliferation of cricoid cells in the fibrous stroma, which ultimately leads to thickening and rigidity of the stomach wall.
Linitis plastica is a diffuse form of gastric cancer and accounts for about 10% of all cases of gastric malignancy and its exact general population distribution is unknown. There are no characteristic or specific symptoms, the symptoms are similar to those of other forms of stomach cancer and can manifest as a feeling of fullness after eating, nausea and vomiting, epigastric pain, weight loss, and progressive dysphagia [1]. Plastic linitisis characterized by malignant glandular proliferation of cricoid cells in the fibrous stroma, which ultimately leads to thickening and rigidity of the stomach wall.
Linitis plastica is a diffuse form of gastric cancer and accounts for about 10% of all cases of gastric malignancy and its exact general population distribution is unknown. There are no characteristic or specific symptoms, the symptoms are similar to those of other forms of stomach cancer and can manifest as a feeling of fullness after eating, nausea and vomiting, epigastric pain, weight loss, and progressive dysphagia [1]. Plastic linitisis characterized by malignant glandular proliferation of cricoid cells in the fibrous stroma, which ultimately leads to thickening and rigidity of the stomach wall.
Linitis plastica is a diffuse form of gastric cancer and accounts for about 10% of all cases of gastric malignancy and its exact general population distribution is unknown. There are no characteristic or specific symptoms, the symptoms are similar to those of other forms of stomach cancer and can manifest as a feeling of fullness after eating, nausea and vomiting, epigastric pain, weight loss, and progressive dysphagia [1]. Plastic linitisis characterized by malignant glandular proliferation of cricoid cells in the fibrous stroma, which ultimately leads to thickening and rigidity of the stomach wall.
Colon cancer epidemiology, risk factors, and etiology, pathology, screening, diagnosis, workup, staging, treatment, chemotherapy and follow-up.
These slides are selections from the major references in surgery, oncology, and internal medicine. I have tried to gather the information from valid and recently-updated references such as NCCN guidelines and Cancer statistics. I hope it helps!
Stromal fibroepithelial polyps are benign lesions with slow-growing that appears in male and female. Those tumors are often asymptomatics and usually are diagnosed in obese patients as a mass in the genital area. Symptoms can appear depending on their location in the urinary tract or genitalia. For diagnosis, we normally use ultrasound, blood markers of testicular cancer, magnetic resonance imaging, and computed tomography scan. The treatment is surgical excision and the pathologist confirms the diagnosis with the presence of epidermal hyperplasia over a stroma of fibrous tissue, without dysplasia, usually with the presence of mucus and edema with a polymorphonuclear infiltrate at the chorion. The presence of acute vasculitis and abscess areas can be associated. The early diagnosis and treatment are important to despite the pseudosarcomatoid variant, metaplastic carcinoma and the association with the Beckwith–Wiedemann syndrome in neonates.
Linitis plastica is a diffuse form of gastric cancer and accounts for about 10% of all cases of gastric malignancy and its exact general population distribution is unknown. There are no characteristic or specific symptoms, the symptoms are similar to those of other forms of stomach cancer and can manifest as a feeling of fullness after eating, nausea and vomiting, epigastric pain, weight loss, and progressive dysphagia [1]. Plastic linitisis characterized by malignant glandular proliferation of cricoid cells in the fibrous stroma, which ultimately leads to thickening and rigidity of the stomach wall.
Linitis plastica is a diffuse form of gastric cancer and accounts for about 10% of all cases of gastric malignancy and its exact general population distribution is unknown. There are no characteristic or specific symptoms, the symptoms are similar to those of other forms of stomach cancer and can manifest as a feeling of fullness after eating, nausea and vomiting, epigastric pain, weight loss, and progressive dysphagia [1]. Plastic linitisis characterized by malignant glandular proliferation of cricoid cells in the fibrous stroma, which ultimately leads to thickening and rigidity of the stomach wall.
Linitis plastica is a diffuse form of gastric cancer and accounts for about 10% of all cases of gastric malignancy and its exact general population distribution is unknown. There are no characteristic or specific symptoms, the symptoms are similar to those of other forms of stomach cancer and can manifest as a feeling of fullness after eating, nausea and vomiting, epigastric pain, weight loss, and progressive dysphagia [1]. Plastic linitisis characterized by malignant glandular proliferation of cricoid cells in the fibrous stroma, which ultimately leads to thickening and rigidity of the stomach wall.
Linitis plastica is a diffuse form of gastric cancer and accounts for about 10% of all cases of gastric malignancy and its exact general population distribution is unknown. There are no characteristic or specific symptoms, the symptoms are similar to those of other forms of stomach cancer and can manifest as a feeling of fullness after eating, nausea and vomiting, epigastric pain, weight loss, and progressive dysphagia [1]. Plastic linitisis characterized by malignant glandular proliferation of cricoid cells in the fibrous stroma, which ultimately leads to thickening and rigidity of the stomach wall.
Linitis plastica is a diffuse form of gastric cancer and accounts for about 10% of all cases of gastric malignancy and its exact general population distribution is unknown. There are no characteristic or specific symptoms, the symptoms are similar to those of other forms of stomach cancer and can manifest as a feeling of fullness after eating, nausea and vomiting, epigastric pain, weight loss, and progressive dysphagia [1]. Plastic linitisis characterized by malignant glandular proliferation of cricoid cells in the fibrous stroma, which ultimately leads to thickening and rigidity of the stomach wall.
Linitis plastica is a diffuse form of gastric cancer and accounts for about 10% of all cases of gastric malignancy and its exact general population distribution is unknown. There are no characteristic or specific symptoms, the symptoms are similar to those of other forms of stomach cancer and can manifest as a feeling of fullness after eating, nausea and vomiting, epigastric pain, weight loss, and progressive dysphagia [1]. Plastic linitisis characterized by malignant glandular proliferation of cricoid cells in the fibrous stroma, which ultimately leads to thickening and rigidity of the stomach wall.
Linitis plastica is a diffuse form of gastric cancer and accounts for about 10% of all cases of gastric malignancy and its exact general population distribution is unknown. There are no characteristic or specific symptoms, the symptoms are similar to those of other forms of stomach cancer and can manifest as a feeling of fullness after eating, nausea and vomiting, epigastric pain, weight loss, and progressive dysphagia [1]. Plastic linitisis characterized by malignant glandular proliferation of cricoid cells in the fibrous stroma, which ultimately leads to thickening and rigidity of the stomach wall.
Austin Journal of Clinical Case Reports is an open access scholarly journal. The goal of this journal is to provide a platform for scientists and academicians all over the world to promote, share, and discuss various new issues and developments by publishing case reports in all aspects of Clinical Medicine. Case Reports is an open access journals. The goal of this journal is to provide a platform for scientists and academicians all over the world to promote, share, and discuss various new issues and developments by publishing case reports in all aspects of Clinical Medicine.
The aim of this open access journal is to offer service for scientists and academicians to promote, share, and discuss various new issues and developments by publishing clinical case reports in all aspects.
Austin Journal of case repots are a reflective analysis of one, two, or three clinical cases. All clinical case reports submitted must have been approved by an ethics committee or institutional review board.
Austin Journal of Clinical Case Reports is an open access scholarly journal. The goal of this journal is to provide a platform for scientists and academicians all over the world to promote, share, and discuss various new issues and developments by publishing case reports in all aspects of Clinical Medicine. Case Reports is an open access journals. The goal of this journal is to provide a platform for scientists and academicians all over the world to promote, share, and discuss various new issues and developments by publishing case reports in all aspects of Clinical Medicine.
Abstract
This case report describes the diagnosis and management of a large mesenteric cyst in a 55 year old lady who presented with abdominal distension & with mass in the left upper quadrant. Mesenteric cysts are rare, benign, abdominal tumors to which <1000 cases have been reported in the literature. While 40% of cases are incidental findings found either through physical examination or imaging, they can cause non-specific abdominal symptoms including pain, altered bowel habits, nausea/vomiting or anorexia. Less commonly, 10% of cases can present with bowel obstruction, volvulus, torsion or shock. In general, the lack of characteristic clinical and radiological features presents as a diagnostic difficulty.
The mainstay in imaging is computerized tomography (CT). CT identifies and helps aid the decision to pursue a laparoscopic or open laparotomy approach, where complete surgical resection is the ultimate goal. In our patient a CT Abdomen & Pelvis showed a large, loculated cystic mass measuring 30cm in cranio-caudal length and 16cm in the transverse and anterior/posterior diameter. While different approaches have been described in the literature to surgically resect such cysts, our approach was largely reflective of size and adherence to surrounding structures in this case. A laparotomy was performed using an upper mid-line 7 cm incision; 4500cc of fluid was aspirated from the cyst which was found to originate from the small bowel mesentery. A complete resection of the multi-loculated cystic sac was done that included the resection of the middle mesenteric vein. The post-operative period was uneventful. The patient was discharged on post-operative day 2. The Histopathology identified the mass as a multi-loculated peritoneal inclusion-type cyst.
Gallbladder carcinoma is fifth most common gastrointestinal malignancy. Main indication for cholecystectomy is gallstone disease. Majority of gallbladder carcinomas are diagnosed during the course of histopathological evaluation of specimens obtained at cholecystectomy. Accomplishing radical cholecystectomy is advisable in these patients. Technically difficult gallbladder dissection during the course of laparoscopic surgery should raise a high suspicion of malignancy. Specimen retrieval bags should be used in all cases to avoid external spillage of bile giving rise to port side metastasis. A good outcome depends on prompt diagnosis and radical surgical resection. It is essential for a general surgeon to be aware of predisposing factors, pathology, patterns of presentation, and surgical options in gallbladder carcinoma.
We present a patient at the age of 45, who visited a doctor because of pain in the stomach, nausea, and vomiting and weight loss of more than 20 kg. Clinical, biochemical, endoscopic, pathohistological, radiological and imaging studies (US and CT)
have been performed. The radiological examination was performed using a monocontrast and
double-contrast technique. The US examination was performed with a 3.75 MHz convex probe,
using a standard overview technique. CT was made after oral administration of 700 ml of water,
i.v. application of a non-ionic contrast agent of 90 ml in bolus, in hypotonia achieved by i.v.
glucagon application, with a scanning width of 10 mm.
Alcoholic Chronic Pancreatitis or Intraductal Papillary Mucinous Neoplasm: Wh...CrimsonGastroenterology
Intraductal Papillary Mucinous Neoplasm (IPMN) is an intraductal mucin-producing neoplasm, with
an increasing incidence. IPMNs may have clear malignant potential and exhibit a broad histological
spectrum ranging from adenoma to invasive carcinoma. In contrast to the ductal adenocarcinoma, IPMNs
have in general a better clinical prognosis. The clinical presentation of IPMN and Chronic Pancreatitis
(CP) are often indistinguishable. Misdiagnosis of IPMN in patients with CP can lead to serious delays in
the appropriate management. In patients with history of alcoholic CP, the possible presence of IPMN
could not to be excluded. Due the high frequency of malignancy in IPMN, surgical approach should be
considered. Assessment for potential IPMN is mandatory in patients with CP. All patients with CP must
have a clinical assessment at least every 6 months, with abdominal US at least every year. In symptomatic
patients with IPMN and severe abdominal pain, early pancreaticoduodenectomy must be strongly
considered.
Abstract— Gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST) are rare neoplasms of the gastrointestinal system. A case of 40 year old man having tense tender abdomen with obliterated liver dullness and shifting dullness was presented in emergency, it was further investigated on X rays, where pneumoperitoneum was found. This case was then decided to go for Laparatomy after routine investigations to further explore. On exploratory laparatomy, diffuse peritonitis with brown coloured fluid was observed. A 10 x 5 x 7 cm mass was found having an opening communicating with the gut lumen was present around 10 cm from the ligament of treitz. However, no adjacent structures, liver or parietal peritoneum seemed to be involved. Gross examination of the specimen revealed an outward bulging mass, which was centrally necrotic and contained hemorrhagic-necrotic material. On histo-pathological examination, features suggestive of gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST) with mixed spindle and epitheoid pattern was seen. Mitoses were slightly increased (<5 /> HPFs) leading to the conclusion of LOW GRADE GIST with tumor free margins of gut (R0 resection). So it was a case of Gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST), which is a rare medical presentation. So it was decided to report this case as a rare case presentation.
Background: Cancer is a disease caused when cells divide uncontrollably and spread into the surrounding tissue. Changes to DNA cause cancer. It is one of the most common and largest killer diseases in the world. It usually affects physically, and the disease can alter one’s perspective on life and personality. Many treatment options are there to treat cancer. Among them, chemotherapy treatment may have more side effects like lethargy, esophagitis, nausea, vomiting, Fatigue, and insomnia, the most common problems among chemotherapy patients in India. Methods: A quasi-experimental study with a sample size of 60, out of which 30 subjects were in the experimental group and 30 were in the control group. A convenient sampling method was used to select the subjects. A structured questionnaire tool was used to collect the data. Result: The result of the study showed that, during pre-test in the study group, among 30 subjects 3(10%) had moderate Fatigue, 22(73.33%) had severe Fatigue, 5(16.67%) had worst Fatigue and 12(40%) had moderate insomnia, 18(60%) had severe insomnia and in control group among 30 subjects, 6(20%) had moderate Fatigue, 13(43.33%) had severe Fatigue, 11(36.67%) had a worst fatigue, and 14(46.67%) had moderate insomnia, 16(53.33%) had severe insomnia. With post-test, in experimental group, 14(46.67%) had no fatigue, 16(53.33%) had mild fatigue, 14(46.67%) had no insomnia, 16(53.33%) had mild insomnia, and in control group, 6(20%) had moderate fatigue, 13(43.33%) had extreme fatigue, 11(36.67%) had worst fatigue, and 14(46.67%) had moderate insomnia, 16(53.33%) had severe insomnia. Conclusion: The study concluded that clients who were receiving chemotherapy had fatigue and insomnia problems. The Warm water foot bath therapy is very effective in clients undergoing chemotherapy in reducing Fatigue and insomnia. A positive correlation between pre-test and post-test was found by using the Mann-Whitney test.
Key-words: Cancer, Chemotherapy, Foot bath, Health, Warm water
Background: Alcohol has long been a global social and medical issue. According to W.H.O report. Total 3.3 million people die from
alcohol abuse annually. Alcoholic liver disease (A.L.D.) ranges from steatosis to liver cirrhosis. Chronic heavy drinkers get hepatitis
or cirrhosis 15 20% of the time
Methods: This study was c onducted in the general medicine inpatient department at PGIMER & C . in Bhubaneswar, Odisha,
Indi a. All hospitali z ed patients with liver illness who had previously t aken alcohol were screened. Each patient's alcohol
consumption, including native alcoholic beverages, was recorded. To support the diagnosis, all standard and extra examination s
were carri ed out. The modified Kuppuswamy scale was used to determine s s ocioeconomic class.
Results: The study comprised 186 participants with a median age of 46. The gender ratio was 3:1, with 139 (74.7%) men. Urban
populations have a greater prevalence of alcohol ic liver disease (60.75%) than rural populations (39.24%). The l ower
s ocioeconomic c lass (50.53%) has the highest rate of alcoholic liver disease. Men drink more (>700 gm/wk) and married people
drink more. A woman who drinks 140 280 grams per week for 10 1 5 years is more likely to develop alcoholic liver disease than a
man who drinks >700 grams per week for 15 years.
Conclusions: In this study, we conclude d that the prevalence of A .L. about S .E. is of utmost importance in developing
population based st r ategies that effectively educate individuals on the need to modify their drinking habits. This is crucial to
mitigate the occurrence of alcohol consumption and its associated repercussions.
Key-words: Socioeconomic status, Hospitalized Patients, Alcoholic Liver Disease
Background: One of the most common disorders in this age group, abnormal uterine bleeding (AUB), is the primary cause of most gynaecological problems in adolescents. Unfortunately, epidemiological data on AUB in teenagers is scarce, especially in the Indian subcontinent. The PALM-COEIN classification, where PALM stands for structural reasons and COEIN for functional causes, was employed in this single-center prospective observational study to evaluate the relative contributions of several etiological factors in AUB. To comprehend the etiological, dermographic, and therapeutic factors affecting menorrhagia in patients going through adolescence. Methods: Enrollment for females with AUB between 10 and 19 occurred between January and December 2022. A thorough history, physical examination, and laboratory evaluation, which in every case comprised standard testing, hormone analysis, and abdominal and pelvic ultrasonography were used to determine the cause of AUB. MRIs and CT scans were performed when needed. Results: There were 190 patients enrolled in total. Functional factors comprised the predominant aetiology of AUB among adolescent females: Adenomyosis=01 (0.52%), Polyp=1 (0.52%). Coagulopathy=2 (1.05%), Leomyoma=01 (0.52%), Malignancy=1 (0.52%), and PALM=4 (2.11%). COEIN=186 (97.89%), ovulation disorder=175 (92.15%), endometrial=01 (0.52%), iatrogenic=6 (3.15%), non-specified=2 (1.05%), and iatrogenic=6 (3.15%). Conclusion: The most frequent cause of AUB in the adolescent population is ovulatory abnormalities. Even though they are extremely rare, structural factors must be ruled out. A helpful technique for evaluating patients with AUB systematically is the PALM-COEIN classification.
Key-words: PALM-COEIN, Leiomyoma, AUB, Polycystic ovarian syndrome, Hormonal therapy
Derived from the bacterium Proteus vulgaris , chondroitin ABC lyase is an enzyme that can be used in treating proteoglycans that
affect neural activity (communication, plasticity). Chondroitinase can be used for vision abnormalities and spinal injuries. The
biological activity of chondroitinase is due to its ability to act on chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans (CSPGs) which are required for
normal functioning. Th is study aim s to examine various types and routes of administration of Chondr oitina se e n zymes. There is an
increasing application of chondro itin sulfate proteoglycans in spinal cord injury, vit reous attachment, and the management of
various carcinogenic conditions. Research must be done to create an effective chondroitinase delivery mech anism so that the
pharmacological activity seen in vitro and in preclinical research may be applied in the clinic. More studies are required to widen
the application of chondroitinase in therapeutics. In this review, chondroitinase ABC, B, and C are all di scuss ed. T he routes of
administration like caudal or ros tral, intracerebroventricular, hydrogels, and intrath ecal have been detailed. The current review
article highlights the different medical uses for chondroitinase, drug delivery methods for the enzym e, and chondroitinase
dispersion across bacteria. In conclusion, this study can reduce the chance of edema by the intracerebroventric ular route.
However, it is not effective for people due to the gyrencephalic anatomy of brain
Key-words: Chondroitinase, Chondroitin, Chondroitin Sulfate Proteoglycans, Spinal Injuries, Ocular Abnormalities, Proteoglycans
Background: Maturing is a widespread peculiarity. Advanced age is not in itself a sickness however is an ordinary piece of human existence length. A guardian, like wise called a career, home wellbeing assistant or individual consideration assistant, is the individual answerable for furnishing their clients with day-to-day private consideration and help with exercises. Methods: Exploration approach: unmistakable methodology research plan: graphic study research plan. The setting of the review: provincial areas of Bagalkot region. Information assortment strategy: organized polls test. The example was chosen by an arbitrary inspecting procedure. The analyst arbitrarily chose Shirur town as a provincial setting and was chosen for enrolment of subjects. Results: The information score of guardians was 41.06%, with mean and SD of 12.32±3.925. These discoveries uncover those guardians had normal information for advanced-age medical conditions. The mentality score of guardians was 73.73%, with a mean and SD of 110.6±11.008. These discoveries uncovers that parental figures have concur capable demeanour in regards to the advanced age medical conditions. Conclusion: At last, a critical co-connection between the information and demeanour at 0.001 the discoveries uncovers that there is a moderate positive relationship between the information and disposition of the advanced age medical issues.
Key-words: Assess, Care Giver, Health Problems, Knowledge, Old Age
Background: Adolescent is one of the most rapid phases of human development. Anemia is a deficiency in the number of RBC in your body. RBC carry oxygen around your body using a particular protein called hemoglobin. Normal hemoglobin level in adolescent girls 13-15 g/dl. According to WHO, the hemoglobin level 10- 11.9 g/dl is considered mild anemia, 7-9 g/dl is considered moderate, and less than 7 g/dl is called severe anemia. Methods: The present study is pre-experimental among 60 adolescent girls, using a disproportional stratified random technique. One experimental group of clients was selected without randomization and no control group was used. The data was collected by using the structured close-ended knowledge questionnaire. The data was analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics regarding mean, frequency distribution, percentage, paired table t-test and chi-square test. Results: The overall findings reveal that the post-test knowledge mean score 26.24% with SD±5.94, which was 72% of the total score was more when compared to the pre-test knowledge mean score 12.98 with SD 5.94, which was 36.83% of total score. The calculated t-value of 24.91 was much higher than the table t-value 1.96 for the hypothesis. Conclusion: The study provides that VATP on knowledge regarding the preparation and use of moringa juice in managing anemia among adolescent girls was the scientific, logical and cost-effective strategy.
Key-words: Adolescent girls, Knowledge, VATP, Effectiveness, Socio-demographic variables.
Background: The research demonstrates that water birth comports and loosens mothers actually and intellectually. The buoyance lessens body weight and permits free development and situating to the mother. Buoyance and warm water upgrade uterine withdrawal and better blood flow, which builds uterine muscles' oxygenation, diminishes the mother's torment and increases maternal oxygenation of the child. Submersion of water assists with decreasing circulatory strain and additionally gives security, which hinders uneasiness or dread. Methods: The current review pre-trial study with 50, 4th-year B.Sc. Nursing is chosen through basic arbitrary methods. One gathering pre-test without control bunch configuration was utilized. Information was gathered through a self-directed, organized, shut, finished information survey. Data was examined by involving distinct and inferential measurements concerning mean rate by conveyance, matched "t" test, and Chi-square test for affiliation. Results: The pre-test reveals that out of 50 BSc 4th-year nursing students, the highest pre-test (62%) of BSc 4th-year nursing students had poor knowledge. Overall, the post-test knowledge score (22.6±4.19), 70.62% of the total score, was more than the pre-test knowledge score (8.76±3.95), 23.3%. The effectiveness of the assisted teaching programme, in this area, the mean knowledge score was 13.84 with SD±0.24, which was 43.25% of the total score. Hence, it indicates that the video-assisted teaching program effectively enhanced the knowledge of BSc 4th-year nursing students. Conclusion: This study concluded that video-assisted teaching programmes on knowledge regarding waterbirth among B.Sc 4th year Nursing students was the scientific, logical and cost-effective strategy.
Key-words: Effectiveness, Fourth year B.Sc. Nursing students, Knowledge, VATP, Water birth
Background: Post-menopausal women experience many physical, emotional, and mental symptoms during the post-menopausal period, and reflexology has grown into a complex therapeutic modality and has a range of effects. Reflexology will help put hormones back into a normal state and act like a process of emotional cleansing, relieving stress and restoring harmony to the body and soul. Hence, foot reflexology seems to be effective in treating post-menopausal symptoms. Methods: In the present study, pre-experimental i.e. one group pretest-posttest design, was adopted. The study was conducted on 30 post-menopausal women to assess their knowledge regarding foot reflexology. Samples were selected by using a convenient sampling technique. Data was collected using a structured knowledge questionnaire and analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. Results: The mean percentage of the pre-test score was 28%, and the post-test score was 76.65%. The mean and the standard deviation of the pre-test score were 5.60±1.71, and the mean and the standard deviation of the post-test score were 15.33±1.15. The total mean and standard deviation are 9.73±2.07 by comparing the pre-test and post-test scores. Hence, it was found that there is a significant difference between pre-test and post-test knowledge scores of post-menopausal women regarding foot reflexology. No significant association was found between post-test knowledge scores and socio-demographic variables on foot reflexology. Conclusion: The study concluded that a planned teaching program on knowledge regarding foot reflexology for post-menopausal women was a scientific, logical, and cost-effective strategy to reduce post-menopausal symptoms.
Key-words: Effectiveness, Foot reflexology, Post-menopausal women, Planned teaching program, Socio-demographic variables
Background: A 51-year-old woman had left lower abdomen pain for 18 hours with nausea and vomiting. Prior CT scans suggested pelvic neoplasms. Our hospital's emergency CT showed an enlarged uterus with cystic shadows, right adnexal cysts, and stomach fluid. Physical examination revealed left lower abdomen discomfort. A gynaecological examination revealed a painful, firm pelvic mass of 151210 cm. Further diagnosis is underway. Method: The patient underwent emergency exploratory laparotomy, discovering a twisted, swollen left ovary with a 540° rotation, classified as a benign cyst. It was found that the patient had congenital upper vaginal atresia and bilateral initial uteri. Pain was reduced after surgery, thanks to symptomatic treatment. An abnormal karyotype of 46, XX,1qh+ was found during genetic testing. Result: Fallopian tubes, uterus, and vagina develop from the embryonic accessory mesonephric duct. MRKH syndrome is caused by bilateral accessory mesonephric duct dysplasia and disappearance of the uterus or vagina. MRKH has three types, with Type 1 lacking uterus or vagina. Due to ovarian cyst torsion, this Type 1 MRKH with double initial uterus and upper vaginal atresia needed left adnexa resection. Genetic testing showed a typical female karyotype. MRKH's complex aetiology incorporates chromosomal abnormalities, emphasizing early cytogenetic evaluation for personalized treatment and fertility assistance. Conclusion: Early cytogenetic testing for MRKH syndrome patients is crucial for determining the underlying cause and guiding personalized treatment plans to restore reproductive function and improve quality of life.
Key-words: Double primordial uterus; MRKH syndrome; Upper vaginal atresia; Torsion of left ovarian cyst pedicle
Background: Cell phones have advanced to the degree of becoming a necessary piece of individuals' lives. Cell phones are utilised for correspondence, diversion, efficiency, interpersonal interaction, and gaming. In addition to supplanting the conventional cells, cell phones have likewise supplanted personal computers and numerous other comparative gadgets. Individuals these days feel indistinguishable from their cell phones. In lined with the rising improvement of innovation and excessive utilisation of cell phones, one of the significant issues that scientists have noticed and are chipping away at is cell phone addiction. Methods: It was a graphic study directed among 100 nursing students aged 19-22 in B.V.V.S. Institute of Nursing Sciences Bagalkot. Information was gathered utilising a structured knowledge questionnaire to survey socio-demographic information. The Stanford Sleepiness Scale (Alertness Test) was utilised to evaluate the classroom alertness of the nursing students and the Cell phone Addiction Scale-Short Version (SAS-SV) was utilised to assess the cell addiction of the nursing students. Results: An association was found between the year of studying and the classroom alertness of students (χ2 =3.9102) p<0.05. There was a significant negative correlation between cell phone addiction and classroom alertness of the nursing students, p<0.05. The r-value obtained was 0.80. Thus, the correlation between the two factors is seen as statistically significant. Conclusion In the wake of acquiring the consequences of the current work the scientist s saw a negati ve relationship between cell
pho ne addiction and the class room alertness of the students.
Key-words: Addiction, Alertness, Cell phone, Classroom, Phone addiction
Background: Chemical changes occur in the epididymis when the testicular sperm grows. When sperm and seminal fluids mix during ejaculation, a substance called semen is formed. The cervical mucus of a fertilized egg screens out the best possible sperm. For infertility, Intra Cytoplasmic Sperm Injection (ICSI) can be necessary. Test sperm that are DNA efficient, normal, and motile using Swim Up. Sperm could be damaged by reactive oxygen species that are produced during centrifugation. All infertility treatments should take these factors into account. Methods: The in vitro fertilization (ICSI) procedure was administered to fifty male patients who were 35 years old or younger and tested positive for normozoospermia, asthenozoospermia, and oligozoospermia. After obtaining informed consent, a Swim-Up was performed using both the full semen and a washed pellet. With sperm obtained from both methods, six Metaphase-2 stages of oocytes (MII oocytes) were implanted in each patient. A Tri-gas Bench-top incubator was used to put each injected oocyte in its 37°C setting. Results: The study showed that the age differences were insignificant (p=0.722), but significant variations emerged in sperm concentration before processing (p=1.030) and after (p=1.064). Sperm morphology differences were evident before processing (p=0.004) and after (p=0.002). No significant differences were noted in the number of Day 3 cleavage stage embryos. Conclusion: The study concluded that there is no significant difference between the two techniques regarding sperm washing efficiency.
Key-words: Sperm preparation methods, Swim-up, Centrifugation, ICSI, Fertilization, Day 3 Embryo
Background: The third most common musculoskeletal symptom in orthopaedic clinical practice is a sore shoulder, which can cause significant morbidity. It has been reported that 7–27% of the general population has it, and 36–66% of overhead arm athletes have it. Pathophysiology includes functional, degenerative, and mechanical factors. Most shoulder pain is subacromial pain syndrome (SAPS), often known as ‘shoulder impingement syndrome’. Impingement hypothesis: shoulder joint structures mechanically clash. SAPS accounts for 36–48% of shoulder discomfort. Methods: This observational study was conducted in the Department of Orthopaedics, MKCG Medical College and Hospital, Berhampur, among Eastern Indian outpatients. The study included adult patients (ages 18–75) of both sexes who presented to MKCG Medical College and Hospital's OPD with shoulder pain from December 2020 to November 2022 and were diagnosed with Shoulder Impingement Syndrome (SIS). Thorough histories and clinical exams were done. The Department of Radiology, MKCG Medical College and Hospital, Berhampur, performed conventional shoulder MRIs on the selected participants. Results: Most cases and controls were Type-II (43.3%), followed by Type-I (28.3% and 30%, 29.2% of the total group). The study's least common acromial shape was type-IV, seen in 5% of cases and 10% of controls (7.5% of the sample). Fisher's exact test showed no significant connection between subacromial impingement and acromial shape (p=0.65). With a p-value of 0.045, cases had a significantly greater acromial width (8.12±2.16 mm) than controls (7.51±0.81 mm). Conclusion: Sub-acromial impingement was unrelated to acromion morphology. There was no correlation between acromial morphology and rotator cuff injuries.
Key-words: Shoulder Impingement Syndrome, Acromion Morphology, MRI
Impact of Acceptance and Mindfulness-Based Intervention as an Add-on Treatment for Skin Diseases-Acne, Eczema and Psoriasis
http://dx.doi.org/10.21276/SSR-IIJLS.2020.6.5.2
Seasonal Incidence and Varietal Response of Gram against Helicoverpa armigera (Hubner) at Talwandi Sabo, Punjab
http://dx.doi.org/10.21276/SSR-IIJLS.2020.6.4.3
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The "New Drug Discovery and Development" process involves the identification, design, testing, and manufacturing of novel pharmaceutical compounds with the aim of introducing new and improved treatments for various medical conditions. This comprehensive endeavor encompasses various stages, including target identification, preclinical studies, clinical trials, regulatory approval, and post-market surveillance. It involves multidisciplinary collaboration among scientists, researchers, clinicians, regulatory experts, and pharmaceutical companies to bring innovative therapies to market and address unmet medical needs.
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263778731218 Abortion Clinic /Pills In Harare ,sisternakatoto
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Flu Vaccine Alert in Bangalore Karnatakaaddon Scans
As flu season approaches, health officials in Bangalore, Karnataka, are urging residents to get their flu vaccinations. The seasonal flu, while common, can lead to severe health complications, particularly for vulnerable populations such as young children, the elderly, and those with underlying health conditions.
Dr. Vidisha Kumari, a leading epidemiologist in Bangalore, emphasizes the importance of getting vaccinated. "The flu vaccine is our best defense against the influenza virus. It not only protects individuals but also helps prevent the spread of the virus in our communities," he says.
This year, the flu season is expected to coincide with a potential increase in other respiratory illnesses. The Karnataka Health Department has launched an awareness campaign highlighting the significance of flu vaccinations. They have set up multiple vaccination centers across Bangalore, making it convenient for residents to receive their shots.
To encourage widespread vaccination, the government is also collaborating with local schools, workplaces, and community centers to facilitate vaccination drives. Special attention is being given to ensuring that the vaccine is accessible to all, including marginalized communities who may have limited access to healthcare.
Residents are reminded that the flu vaccine is safe and effective. Common side effects are mild and may include soreness at the injection site, mild fever, or muscle aches. These side effects are generally short-lived and far less severe than the flu itself.
Healthcare providers are also stressing the importance of continuing COVID-19 precautions. Wearing masks, practicing good hand hygiene, and maintaining social distancing are still crucial, especially in crowded places.
Protect yourself and your loved ones by getting vaccinated. Together, we can help keep Bangalore healthy and safe this flu season. For more information on vaccination centers and schedules, residents can visit the Karnataka Health Department’s official website or follow their social media pages.
Stay informed, stay safe, and get your flu shot today!
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Title: Sense of Taste
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the structure and function of taste buds.
Describe the relationship between the taste threshold and taste index of common substances.
Explain the chemical basis and signal transduction of taste perception for each type of primary taste sensation.
Recognize different abnormalities of taste perception and their causes.
Key Topics:
Significance of Taste Sensation:
Differentiation between pleasant and harmful food
Influence on behavior
Selection of food based on metabolic needs
Receptors of Taste:
Taste buds on the tongue
Influence of sense of smell, texture of food, and pain stimulation (e.g., by pepper)
Primary and Secondary Taste Sensations:
Primary taste sensations: Sweet, Sour, Salty, Bitter, Umami
Chemical basis and signal transduction mechanisms for each taste
Taste Threshold and Index:
Taste threshold values for Sweet (sucrose), Salty (NaCl), Sour (HCl), and Bitter (Quinine)
Taste index relationship: Inversely proportional to taste threshold
Taste Blindness:
Inability to taste certain substances, particularly thiourea compounds
Example: Phenylthiocarbamide
Structure and Function of Taste Buds:
Composition: Epithelial cells, Sustentacular/Supporting cells, Taste cells, Basal cells
Features: Taste pores, Taste hairs/microvilli, and Taste nerve fibers
Location of Taste Buds:
Found in papillae of the tongue (Fungiform, Circumvallate, Foliate)
Also present on the palate, tonsillar pillars, epiglottis, and proximal esophagus
Mechanism of Taste Stimulation:
Interaction of taste substances with receptors on microvilli
Signal transduction pathways for Umami, Sweet, Bitter, Sour, and Salty tastes
Taste Sensitivity and Adaptation:
Decrease in sensitivity with age
Rapid adaptation of taste sensation
Role of Saliva in Taste:
Dissolution of tastants to reach receptors
Washing away the stimulus
Taste Preferences and Aversions:
Mechanisms behind taste preference and aversion
Influence of receptors and neural pathways
Impact of Sensory Nerve Damage:
Degeneration of taste buds if the sensory nerve fiber is cut
Abnormalities of Taste Detection:
Conditions: Ageusia, Hypogeusia, Dysgeusia (parageusia)
Causes: Nerve damage, neurological disorders, infections, poor oral hygiene, adverse drug effects, deficiencies, aging, tobacco use, altered neurotransmitter levels
Neurotransmitters and Taste Threshold:
Effects of serotonin (5-HT) and norepinephrine (NE) on taste sensitivity
Supertasters:
25% of the population with heightened sensitivity to taste, especially bitterness
Increased number of fungiform papillae
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neurochemical systems and has rewarding and addictive properties. It
is the oldest recreational drug and likely contributes to more morbidity,
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5th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
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effects (tolerance, withdrawal). This chapter presents an overview
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comorbidities, fetal alcohol spectrum disorders, genetic risk factors, and
pharmacotherapies for AUD.
New Directions in Targeted Therapeutic Approaches for Older Adults With Mantl...i3 Health
i3 Health is pleased to make the speaker slides from this activity available for use as a non-accredited self-study or teaching resource.
This slide deck presented by Dr. Kami Maddocks, Professor-Clinical in the Division of Hematology and
Associate Division Director for Ambulatory Operations
The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, will provide insight into new directions in targeted therapeutic approaches for older adults with mantle cell lymphoma.
STATEMENT OF NEED
Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is a rare, aggressive B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) accounting for 5% to 7% of all lymphomas. Its prognosis ranges from indolent disease that does not require treatment for years to very aggressive disease, which is associated with poor survival (Silkenstedt et al, 2021). Typically, MCL is diagnosed at advanced stage and in older patients who cannot tolerate intensive therapy (NCCN, 2022). Although recent advances have slightly increased remission rates, recurrence and relapse remain very common, leading to a median overall survival between 3 and 6 years (LLS, 2021). Though there are several effective options, progress is still needed towards establishing an accepted frontline approach for MCL (Castellino et al, 2022). Treatment selection and management of MCL are complicated by the heterogeneity of prognosis, advanced age and comorbidities of patients, and lack of an established standard approach for treatment, making it vital that clinicians be familiar with the latest research and advances in this area. In this activity chaired by Michael Wang, MD, Professor in the Department of Lymphoma & Myeloma at MD Anderson Cancer Center, expert faculty will discuss prognostic factors informing treatment, the promising results of recent trials in new therapeutic approaches, and the implications of treatment resistance in therapeutic selection for MCL.
Target Audience
Hematology/oncology fellows, attending faculty, and other health care professionals involved in the treatment of patients with mantle cell lymphoma (MCL).
Learning Objectives
1.) Identify clinical and biological prognostic factors that can guide treatment decision making for older adults with MCL
2.) Evaluate emerging data on targeted therapeutic approaches for treatment-naive and relapsed/refractory MCL and their applicability to older adults
3.) Assess mechanisms of resistance to targeted therapies for MCL and their implications for treatment selection
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