Linitis plastica is a diffuse form of gastric cancer and accounts for about 10% of all cases of gastric malignancy and its exact general population distribution is unknown. There are no characteristic or specific symptoms, the symptoms are similar to those of other forms of stomach cancer and can manifest as a feeling of fullness after eating, nausea and vomiting, epigastric pain, weight loss, and progressive dysphagia [1]. Plastic linitisis characterized by malignant glandular proliferation of cricoid cells in the fibrous stroma, which ultimately leads to thickening and rigidity of the stomach wall.
ABSTRACT- Introduction- Gall bladder carcinoma is the most frequent carcinoma of the biliary tract. Pure mucinous adenocarcinoma as seen in breast, skin, and pancreas are very uncommon in the gall bladder. Mucinous adenocarcinoma of gall bladder is rarer variant of gall bladder carcinoma.
Methods- We were reported a case of 55 years old male presenting at department of surgery of LLR and Associated Hospital with nonspecific symptoms of diffuse pain abdomen with nausea and vomiting, generalized weakness, itching all over body, jaundice associated with anorexia and weight loss for last 4 to 5 months, ultrasonography revealed gross thickening of wall of gall bladder neck with ill define mass lesion and diagnosis was confirmed by USG guided FNAC, Histopathological examination and Immunohistochemistry (IHC).
RESULTS- Patient present with pain abdomen, icterus and anorexia, on USG guided FNAC cytological and Histopathological findings are suggestive of mucinous adenocarcinoma.
Conclusion- Mucinous adenocarcinoma is the rarest variant of adenocarcinoma gallbladder. Incidental diagnosis of mucinous adenocarcinoma of gall bladder was found by USG guided FNAC followed by the histopathological examination.
Key-words- Mucinous Adenocarcinoma, Gall bladder, FNAC, Mucin
Gastric neuroendocrine carcinomas are rare and have a poor prognosis. The present case concerns with a 55 year old female who presented with complaints of recurrent vomiting on and off, hematemesis and weight loss and history of lumbar stenosis. Esophagogastroduedenostomy (EGD) showed a large ulcerated growth in the antrum. Computed tomography abdomen revealed an ill defined soft tissue density in the gastric antrum, a partial gastrectomy was performed. Microscopic evaluation revealed a neuroendocrine neoplasm. Immunohistochemically positive for Chromogranin A and Non Specific Enolase (NSE). A diagnosis of Neuroendocrine carcinoma of the stomach was given based on recent WHO classification of Neuroendocrine carcinoma of the stomach and on mitotic index with reference to grading scale.
Three Different Presentations of Metastatic Gastric MelanomaJohnJulie1
Melanoma is the most common metastatic tumor of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract and its diagnosis is rare during life since its symptoms are non-specific. The endoscopic gastric metastases appearance is heterogenous with no typical pattern. We report a patient who presented three different morphologies of metastatic gastric melanoma although the patient remained asymptomatic. This finding shows the importance of early upper digestive endoscopy in patients diagnosed with melanoma even in the absence of gastrointestinal symptoms.
Three Different Presentations of Metastatic Gastric MelanomaJapaneseJournalofGas
Melanoma is the most common metastatic tumor of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract and its diagnosis is rare during life since its symptoms are non-specific. The endoscopic gastric metastases appearance is heterogenous with no typical pattern. We report a patient who presented three different morphologies of metastatic gastric melanoma although the patient remained asymptomatic. This finding shows the importance of early upper digestive endoscopy in patients diagnosed with melanoma even in the absence of gastrointestinal symptoms.
Pedunculated Lipoma of the Caecum Causing Colocolic Intussusception in an AdultKETAN VAGHOLKAR
Introduction: Colocolic intussusception in adults is uncommon and poses both a diagnostic
and therapeutic dilemma. The association of an underlying malignancy necessitates a preoperative
confirmation of diagnosis. The presenting features are variable. Hence contrast enhanced
computed tomography of the abdomen is pivotal for diagnosis. An en bloc resection
of the specimen in accordance with standard oncological principles is the mainstay of treatment.
Case report: A case of colocolic intussusception in an adult is presented to highlight the
difficulties in preoperative diagnosis and in selecting the best surgical option for treatment.
Conclusion: Adult bowel intussusception is a diagnostic dilemma with preoperative diagnosis
being the biggest challenge. CT scan of the abdomen is an excellent diagnostic modality with
high diagnostic accuracy. Explorative laparotomy with en bloc resection is mainstay of treatment
in adults.
We present a patient at the age of 45, who visited a doctor because of pain in the stomach, nausea, and vomiting and weight loss of more than 20 kg. Clinical, biochemical, endoscopic, pathohistological, radiological and imaging studies (US and CT)
have been performed. The radiological examination was performed using a monocontrast and
double-contrast technique. The US examination was performed with a 3.75 MHz convex probe,
using a standard overview technique. CT was made after oral administration of 700 ml of water,
i.v. application of a non-ionic contrast agent of 90 ml in bolus, in hypotonia achieved by i.v.
glucagon application, with a scanning width of 10 mm.
Introduction: Diffuse Large B Cell Lymphoma (DLBCL), as a set of heterogeneous aggressive lymphoma, most commonly originated in the germinal center B lymphocytes. Rare cases were from peripheral blood B cell (outside germinal center) or from the inert lymphoma development and transformation. And such tumor with originality outside germinal center was seldom seen in the literature. Even the tumor in combination with chronic gastritis has not been reported before.
IRF5 Promotes the Progression of Hepatocellular Carcinoma and is Regulated by...NainaAnon
The IRF family of proteins involves in the tumor progression. However, but the functions of IRF5 in the tumorigenesis are largely unknown. Here, IRF5 was found to be up-regulated in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Interfering with IRF5 inhibited the growth and tumorigenic ability of HCC cells. When studying the molecular mechanism, it was found that TRIM35 interacted with IRF5, promoting the ubiquitination and degradation of IRF5. In the clinical specimens of HCC, TRIM35 was negatively correlated with the expression of IRF5. These observations reveal the oncogenic function of IRF5 in the progression of HCC, suggesting that IRF5 is a promising target for the therapy of HCC.
ABSTRACT- Introduction- Gall bladder carcinoma is the most frequent carcinoma of the biliary tract. Pure mucinous adenocarcinoma as seen in breast, skin, and pancreas are very uncommon in the gall bladder. Mucinous adenocarcinoma of gall bladder is rarer variant of gall bladder carcinoma.
Methods- We were reported a case of 55 years old male presenting at department of surgery of LLR and Associated Hospital with nonspecific symptoms of diffuse pain abdomen with nausea and vomiting, generalized weakness, itching all over body, jaundice associated with anorexia and weight loss for last 4 to 5 months, ultrasonography revealed gross thickening of wall of gall bladder neck with ill define mass lesion and diagnosis was confirmed by USG guided FNAC, Histopathological examination and Immunohistochemistry (IHC).
RESULTS- Patient present with pain abdomen, icterus and anorexia, on USG guided FNAC cytological and Histopathological findings are suggestive of mucinous adenocarcinoma.
Conclusion- Mucinous adenocarcinoma is the rarest variant of adenocarcinoma gallbladder. Incidental diagnosis of mucinous adenocarcinoma of gall bladder was found by USG guided FNAC followed by the histopathological examination.
Key-words- Mucinous Adenocarcinoma, Gall bladder, FNAC, Mucin
Gastric neuroendocrine carcinomas are rare and have a poor prognosis. The present case concerns with a 55 year old female who presented with complaints of recurrent vomiting on and off, hematemesis and weight loss and history of lumbar stenosis. Esophagogastroduedenostomy (EGD) showed a large ulcerated growth in the antrum. Computed tomography abdomen revealed an ill defined soft tissue density in the gastric antrum, a partial gastrectomy was performed. Microscopic evaluation revealed a neuroendocrine neoplasm. Immunohistochemically positive for Chromogranin A and Non Specific Enolase (NSE). A diagnosis of Neuroendocrine carcinoma of the stomach was given based on recent WHO classification of Neuroendocrine carcinoma of the stomach and on mitotic index with reference to grading scale.
Three Different Presentations of Metastatic Gastric MelanomaJohnJulie1
Melanoma is the most common metastatic tumor of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract and its diagnosis is rare during life since its symptoms are non-specific. The endoscopic gastric metastases appearance is heterogenous with no typical pattern. We report a patient who presented three different morphologies of metastatic gastric melanoma although the patient remained asymptomatic. This finding shows the importance of early upper digestive endoscopy in patients diagnosed with melanoma even in the absence of gastrointestinal symptoms.
Three Different Presentations of Metastatic Gastric MelanomaJapaneseJournalofGas
Melanoma is the most common metastatic tumor of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract and its diagnosis is rare during life since its symptoms are non-specific. The endoscopic gastric metastases appearance is heterogenous with no typical pattern. We report a patient who presented three different morphologies of metastatic gastric melanoma although the patient remained asymptomatic. This finding shows the importance of early upper digestive endoscopy in patients diagnosed with melanoma even in the absence of gastrointestinal symptoms.
Pedunculated Lipoma of the Caecum Causing Colocolic Intussusception in an AdultKETAN VAGHOLKAR
Introduction: Colocolic intussusception in adults is uncommon and poses both a diagnostic
and therapeutic dilemma. The association of an underlying malignancy necessitates a preoperative
confirmation of diagnosis. The presenting features are variable. Hence contrast enhanced
computed tomography of the abdomen is pivotal for diagnosis. An en bloc resection
of the specimen in accordance with standard oncological principles is the mainstay of treatment.
Case report: A case of colocolic intussusception in an adult is presented to highlight the
difficulties in preoperative diagnosis and in selecting the best surgical option for treatment.
Conclusion: Adult bowel intussusception is a diagnostic dilemma with preoperative diagnosis
being the biggest challenge. CT scan of the abdomen is an excellent diagnostic modality with
high diagnostic accuracy. Explorative laparotomy with en bloc resection is mainstay of treatment
in adults.
We present a patient at the age of 45, who visited a doctor because of pain in the stomach, nausea, and vomiting and weight loss of more than 20 kg. Clinical, biochemical, endoscopic, pathohistological, radiological and imaging studies (US and CT)
have been performed. The radiological examination was performed using a monocontrast and
double-contrast technique. The US examination was performed with a 3.75 MHz convex probe,
using a standard overview technique. CT was made after oral administration of 700 ml of water,
i.v. application of a non-ionic contrast agent of 90 ml in bolus, in hypotonia achieved by i.v.
glucagon application, with a scanning width of 10 mm.
Introduction: Diffuse Large B Cell Lymphoma (DLBCL), as a set of heterogeneous aggressive lymphoma, most commonly originated in the germinal center B lymphocytes. Rare cases were from peripheral blood B cell (outside germinal center) or from the inert lymphoma development and transformation. And such tumor with originality outside germinal center was seldom seen in the literature. Even the tumor in combination with chronic gastritis has not been reported before.
IRF5 Promotes the Progression of Hepatocellular Carcinoma and is Regulated by...NainaAnon
The IRF family of proteins involves in the tumor progression. However, but the functions of IRF5 in the tumorigenesis are largely unknown. Here, IRF5 was found to be up-regulated in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Interfering with IRF5 inhibited the growth and tumorigenic ability of HCC cells. When studying the molecular mechanism, it was found that TRIM35 interacted with IRF5, promoting the ubiquitination and degradation of IRF5. In the clinical specimens of HCC, TRIM35 was negatively correlated with the expression of IRF5. These observations reveal the oncogenic function of IRF5 in the progression of HCC, suggesting that IRF5 is a promising target for the therapy of HCC.
Trimodal Management of Locally Invasive Urinary Bladder CancerNainaAnon
To evaluate the response of the modern bladder-preservation treatment modality; Trimodal Therapy (TMT) in Muscle-Invasive Bladder Cancer (MIBC). Aiming at bladder preservation in MIBC, TMT was to offer a quality- of-life advantage and avoid potential morbidity and mortality of Radical Cystectomy (RC) without compromising oncologic outcomes.
Alterations of Gut Microbiota From Colorectal Adenoma to CarcinomaNainaAnon
Gut microbiota has been implicated as a critical role in the development of colorectal cancer (CRC) and colorectal adenoma (CRA). However, few basic research has revealed the association between gut microbiota and the development of CRA and CRC. We aim to compare the diversity and composition of intestinal flora in CRA and CRC patients, to reveal the changes of intestinal microorganism in the evolution of normal intestinal mucosa-CRA-CRC axis, and to explore potential biomarkers. We analysed colorectal tissues (11 CRC, 11 CRA and 11 healthy volunteers (HC). Using 16S rRNA sequencing analysis to compare the gut microbiome of patients with CRC, CRA and HC. The microbial diversity including alpha diversity, beta diversity and identified the microbial compositions among the three groups were characterized. Intestinal microbial composition and diversity were significantly decreased in the CRA group, whereas those were obviously increased in the CRC group. The fourth most predominant microbial compositions in the three groups were Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, Actinobacteria and Bacteroidetes at the phylum level. Moreover, the relative abundance of Fusobacteria at the phylum level behaved a general trend of decreasing in CRA group first and then increasing in CRC group. When exploring the Fusobacteria abundance in MetaCyc database signaling in different groups, it was indicated that Fusobacteria was also higher in CRC than CRA especially in the ICME2-PWY, Cobalsyn-PWY and Anaglycolysi signal pathways. Taken together, the observed intestinal microbial difference among the three groups provides a basis for understanding the potential role of intestinal microorganism in the evolution of normal intestinal mucosa-CRA-CRC axis.
Prognosis of Invasive Micropapillary Carcinoma of the Breast Analyzed by Usin...NainaAnon
Invasive micropapillary carcinoma (IMPC) is a rare type of breast cancer with high frequency of regional lymph node metastasis. However, the prognosis of IMPC has remained controversial for decades. We aimed to compare the differences of prognosis between IMPC and Invasive ductal carcinoma(IDC) of the breast by utilizing Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database.
Uretero-Enteric Anastomosis Stricture after Urinary Diversion; Detailed Analy...NainaAnon
To report the lessons we have learned in the management of uretero-enteric anastomosis stricture (UEAS) in a tertiary urology center over a decade of experience.
Clinic Correlation and Prognostic Value of P4HB and GRP78 Expression in Gastr...NainaAnon
Prolyl 4-hydroxylase, beta polypeptide (P4HB) and Glucose‑regulated protein 78 (GRP78) represent for poor prognosis of various cancers, while rare research investigate correlation of them. This study aimed to explore correlation and prognostic value of them in gastric cancer (GC).
Combined Analysis of Micro RNA and Proteomic Profiles and Interactions in Pat...NainaAnon
The Liquid Mass System(LMS) includes an Easy nLC1000 (Thermo Fisher) coupled ultra-high resolution mass spectrometer Orbitrap Fusion Lumos (Thermo Fisher) with a Thermo Fisher electrospray source. Each injection is sent to a preset column (Acclaim PepMap C18, 100 μm x 2 cm, Thermo Scientific) for adsorption at a flow rate of 3 L/min. The sample is then sent to the analyzer column (Acclaim PepMap C18, 75 μm x 15 cm, Thermo Scientific) for separation
Skeletal muscle channelopathy are rare heterogeneous episodic disorders with marked genotypic and phenotypic variability resulting in periodic paralysis, and falls in young people which often misdiagnosed or undiagnosed due to its rarity, often the symptoms are miscommunicated to the treating phycision due to its episodic nature and not uncommonly physical examination by the time patient attend the clinic or hospital will be unremarkable apart from periodic muscle paralysis where patient will presented to ED with flaccid weakness,
The Use of the Infrared Laser Therapy of 890-910 NM for the Treatment Breast ...NainaAnon
The experimental studies were conducted with Walker's carcinosarcoma n256 (from the U.S.A. bank), cancer of the mammary gland (RMK-1). Spontaneous –mice with mammary glands cancer (type B). The tasks were as follows: to study the effect of different doses LLLT on the growth of experimental tumors. Evaluation of the effectiveness by applying LLLT in combination with various chemotherapeutic agents (vincristin, 5-Fu, ciclophosphan). Research of LLLR effect on different types of tumors show that this treatment can be used for tumors-statistic effect and for increasing life-span in animals. Applying LLLR in combination with chemotherapeutic agents causes tumors-static action. The most effective combination was LLLT + vincristin which caused the inhibition of tumor growth in Walker's carcinosarcoma-by 92,87%, in RMK-1 - by 90,29% in comparing to controls. The combination of LLLT with HpD showed - the effect of laser therapy takes place in 30 min before the irradiation and is accompanied by a sharp reduction of the preparation's accumulation in the tumor cells.
The Use of the Infrared Laser Therapy of 890-910 NM for the Treatment Breast ...NainaAnon
The experimental studies were conducted with Walker's carcinosarcoma n256 (from the U.S.A. bank), cancer of the mammary gland (RMK-1). Spontaneous –mice with mammary glands cancer (type B). The tasks were as follows: to study the effect of different doses LLLT on the growth of experimental tumors. Evaluation of the effectiveness by applying LLLT in combination with various chemotherapeutic agents (vincristin, 5-Fu, ciclophosphan). Research of LLLR effect on different types of tumors show that this treatment can be used for tumors-statistic effect and for increasing life-span in animals. Applying LLLR in combination with chemotherapeutic agents causes tumors-static action. The most effective combination was LLLT + vincristin which caused the inhibition of tumor growth in Walker's carcinosarcoma-by 92,87%, in RMK-1 - by 90,29% in comparing to controls. The combination of LLLT with HpD showed - the effect of laser therapy takes place in 30 min before the irradiation and is accompanied by a sharp reduction of the preparation's accumulation in the tumor cells.
Upper Rectal Cancer: Benefit After Preoperative Chemoradiation Versus Upfront...NainaAnon
Upper rectal cancer management is controversial. The present series reports the outcomes of treatment comparing neoadjuvant chemoradiation (NCRT) versus upfront surgery.
Follow-Up Strategies in Focal Liver Lesions And Treatment MethodsNainaAnon
Today, advances in cross-sectional imaging have led to the detection and early recognition of incidental/focal liver lesions (FCL). In approximately 17,000 cases of chest CT, incidental liver lesions were found in 6% [1]. In general, FCL consists of hepatocytes, biliary epithelium, mesenchymal tissue, connective tissue, or metastasized cells from distant sites. Most incidental lesions are benign, some may require careful management and treatment.
Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma with Isolated Venous Involvement: Is Neoadjuvant Tr...NainaAnon
Neoadjuvant Treatment (NAT) is indicated in locally advanced tumors and improves the results of subsequent surgery. In borderline tumors, the place of this preoperative treatment is more controversial, probably because borderline tumors are a heterogeneous group. We focused on the tumors with venous involvement without any arterial involvement and studied the results of neoadjuvant treatment in this particular group.
Predictive Value of Biomarkers Fibrinogen Like Protein-2 and A-Fetoprotein fo...NainaAnon
Data concerning the utility of biomarkers for accurate early HCC detection in cirrhotic patients are lacking. 1.2. Methods: We evaluated 112 consecutive Caucasian cirrhotic patients with (n=28) or without (n=84) concomitant HCC at baseline for serum AFP and plasma fibrinogen like protein-2 (FGL-2) levels. Patients without confirmed HCC at baseline were further followed up every six months with ultrasound and serum AFP levels, according to HCC surveillance program. Imaging as well as histological confirmation of HCC was established in patients with new lesions. Du
The Black Fungus is One of the Bad Consequences of COVID 19NainaAnon
Recently, since the emergence of the Covid 19 pandemic, the whole world has been waiting for what comes after Corona and when that pandemic will disappear and how to get rid of it. Therefore, all countries, whether Arab or foreign, sought to empty scientific research to produce a vaccine to treat this pandemic. These circumstances have inflicted material and human losses for all countries. In an attempt to combat Covid 19 after the vaccine was manufactured, however, the winds are coming in what ships do not desire, so there is a new outbreak, namely the black fungus.
Circulating Tumor Cells and Cell-Free Nucleic Acids as Predictor Factors for ...NainaAnon
Pancreatic cancer remains as one of the most aggressive and deadliest of cancers largely due to formidable challenges in diagnosis and therapy. Consensus standard treatment for patients with nonmetastatic Pancreatic Cancer (PC) incorporates possible neoadjuvant chemotherapy with timely surgical resection and adjuvant chemotherapy. However, despite all the sophistication of modern radiological and endoscopic techniques, the decision regarding operability is often only made intra-operatively, therefore subjecting a patient to unnecessary surgical intervention, and postponing the possibility of starting early chemotherapy.
Research Progress in Chronic Lymphocytic LeukemiaNainaAnon
Cancer is an uncontrolled division of cell occurs due to genetic alterations and mutation. Chronic lymphocytic leukemia is the heterogeneous lymphocytic malignancy worldwide that leads to death. The advancement of genetic analysis techniques and the identification of suitable biomarkers show significant differences in the treatment period. In this paper will discuss the microRNA that is small Non-coding RNAs and is involved in CLL beginning, development, and resistance to therapy and also will explain the stages of CLL.
Genetics of Breast and Ovary Cancers Associated with Hereditary Cancers and t...NainaAnon
Carriers of the BRCA-1/2 mutation have increased and variable risks of Breast Cancer (BC) and ovarian cancer and vary or are modified by common genetic variants and their incidence genetic testing and risk-reducing surgery has increased, they should receive advice and evaluation by the physician with experience in genetics.
Increased of Protein O-Fucosyl Transferase 1 and 2 Genes Expression in Gastri...NainaAnon
Gastric cancer is one of the most common cancers in the world. Gastric cancer usually occurs at an advanced age (average ≥ 65 years) and has symptoms similar to gastric ulcers and other gastric infections, its early diagnosis is one of the major problems of this type of cancer. Molecular mechanisms initiate cancer and the molecular changes of normal cells compared to cancer cells are very important. dysfunction of Fucosyl transferase enzymes is associated with gastric cancer.
Trimodal Management of Locally Invasive Urinary Bladder CancerNainaAnon
To evaluate the response of the modern bladder-preservation treatment modality; Trimodal Therapy (TMT) in Muscle-Invasive Bladder Cancer (MIBC). Aiming at bladder preservation in MIBC, TMT was to offer a quality- of-life advantage and avoid potential morbidity and mortality of Radical Cystectomy (RC) without compromising oncologic outcomes.
Alterations of Gut Microbiota From Colorectal Adenoma to CarcinomaNainaAnon
Gut microbiota has been implicated as a critical role in the development of colorectal cancer (CRC) and colorectal adenoma (CRA). However, few basic research has revealed the association between gut microbiota and the development of CRA and CRC. We aim to compare the diversity and composition of intestinal flora in CRA and CRC patients, to reveal the changes of intestinal microorganism in the evolution of normal intestinal mucosa-CRA-CRC axis, and to explore potential biomarkers. We analysed colorectal tissues (11 CRC, 11 CRA and 11 healthy volunteers (HC). Using 16S rRNA sequencing analysis to compare the gut microbiome of patients with CRC, CRA and HC. The microbial diversity including alpha diversity, beta diversity and identified the microbial compositions among the three groups were characterized. Intestinal microbial composition and diversity were significantly decreased in the CRA group, whereas those were obviously increased in the CRC group. The fourth most predominant microbial compositions in the three groups were Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, Actinobacteria and Bacteroidetes at the phylum level. Moreover, the relative abundance of Fusobacteria at the phylum level behaved a general trend of decreasing in CRA group first and then increasing in CRC group. When exploring the Fusobacteria abundance in MetaCyc database signaling in different groups, it was indicated that Fusobacteria was also higher in CRC than CRA especially in the ICME2-PWY, Cobalsyn-PWY and Anaglycolysi signal pathways. Taken together, the observed intestinal microbial difference among the three groups provides a basis for understanding the potential role of intestinal microorganism in the evolution of normal intestinal mucosa-CRA-CRC axis.
Prognosis of Invasive Micropapillary Carcinoma of the Breast Analyzed by Usin...NainaAnon
Invasive micropapillary carcinoma (IMPC) is a rare type of breast cancer with high frequency of regional lymph node metastasis. However, the prognosis of IMPC has remained controversial for decades. We aimed to compare the differences of prognosis between IMPC and Invasive ductal carcinoma(IDC) of the breast by utilizing Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database.
Uretero-Enteric Anastomosis Stricture after Urinary Diversion; Detailed Analy...NainaAnon
To report the lessons we have learned in the management of uretero-enteric anastomosis stricture (UEAS) in a tertiary urology center over a decade of experience.
Clinic Correlation and Prognostic Value of P4HB and GRP78 Expression in Gastr...NainaAnon
Prolyl 4-hydroxylase, beta polypeptide (P4HB) and Glucose‑regulated protein 78 (GRP78) represent for poor prognosis of various cancers, while rare research investigate correlation of them. This study aimed to explore correlation and prognostic value of them in gastric cancer (GC).
Combined Analysis of Micro RNA and Proteomic Profiles and Interactions in Pat...NainaAnon
The Liquid Mass System(LMS) includes an Easy nLC1000 (Thermo Fisher) coupled ultra-high resolution mass spectrometer Orbitrap Fusion Lumos (Thermo Fisher) with a Thermo Fisher electrospray source. Each injection is sent to a preset column (Acclaim PepMap C18, 100 μm x 2 cm, Thermo Scientific) for adsorption at a flow rate of 3 L/min. The sample is then sent to the analyzer column (Acclaim PepMap C18, 75 μm x 15 cm, Thermo Scientific) for separation
Skeletal muscle channelopathy are rare heterogeneous episodic disorders with marked genotypic and phenotypic variability resulting in periodic paralysis, and falls in young people which often misdiagnosed or undiagnosed due to its rarity, often the symptoms are miscommunicated to the treating phycision due to its episodic nature and not uncommonly physical examination by the time patient attend the clinic or hospital will be unremarkable apart from periodic muscle paralysis where patient will presented to ED with flaccid weakness,
The Use of the Infrared Laser Therapy of 890-910 NM for the Treatment Breast ...NainaAnon
The experimental studies were conducted with Walker's carcinosarcoma n256 (from the U.S.A. bank), cancer of the mammary gland (RMK-1). Spontaneous –mice with mammary glands cancer (type B). The tasks were as follows: to study the effect of different doses LLLT on the growth of experimental tumors. Evaluation of the effectiveness by applying LLLT in combination with various chemotherapeutic agents (vincristin, 5-Fu, ciclophosphan). Research of LLLR effect on different types of tumors show that this treatment can be used for tumors-statistic effect and for increasing life-span in animals. Applying LLLR in combination with chemotherapeutic agents causes tumors-static action. The most effective combination was LLLT + vincristin which caused the inhibition of tumor growth in Walker's carcinosarcoma-by 92,87%, in RMK-1 - by 90,29% in comparing to controls. The combination of LLLT with HpD showed - the effect of laser therapy takes place in 30 min before the irradiation and is accompanied by a sharp reduction of the preparation's accumulation in the tumor cells.
The Use of the Infrared Laser Therapy of 890-910 NM for the Treatment Breast ...NainaAnon
The experimental studies were conducted with Walker's carcinosarcoma n256 (from the U.S.A. bank), cancer of the mammary gland (RMK-1). Spontaneous –mice with mammary glands cancer (type B). The tasks were as follows: to study the effect of different doses LLLT on the growth of experimental tumors. Evaluation of the effectiveness by applying LLLT in combination with various chemotherapeutic agents (vincristin, 5-Fu, ciclophosphan). Research of LLLR effect on different types of tumors show that this treatment can be used for tumors-statistic effect and for increasing life-span in animals. Applying LLLR in combination with chemotherapeutic agents causes tumors-static action. The most effective combination was LLLT + vincristin which caused the inhibition of tumor growth in Walker's carcinosarcoma-by 92,87%, in RMK-1 - by 90,29% in comparing to controls. The combination of LLLT with HpD showed - the effect of laser therapy takes place in 30 min before the irradiation and is accompanied by a sharp reduction of the preparation's accumulation in the tumor cells.
Upper Rectal Cancer: Benefit After Preoperative Chemoradiation Versus Upfront...NainaAnon
Upper rectal cancer management is controversial. The present series reports the outcomes of treatment comparing neoadjuvant chemoradiation (NCRT) versus upfront surgery.
Follow-Up Strategies in Focal Liver Lesions And Treatment MethodsNainaAnon
Today, advances in cross-sectional imaging have led to the detection and early recognition of incidental/focal liver lesions (FCL). In approximately 17,000 cases of chest CT, incidental liver lesions were found in 6% [1]. In general, FCL consists of hepatocytes, biliary epithelium, mesenchymal tissue, connective tissue, or metastasized cells from distant sites. Most incidental lesions are benign, some may require careful management and treatment.
Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma with Isolated Venous Involvement: Is Neoadjuvant Tr...NainaAnon
Neoadjuvant Treatment (NAT) is indicated in locally advanced tumors and improves the results of subsequent surgery. In borderline tumors, the place of this preoperative treatment is more controversial, probably because borderline tumors are a heterogeneous group. We focused on the tumors with venous involvement without any arterial involvement and studied the results of neoadjuvant treatment in this particular group.
Predictive Value of Biomarkers Fibrinogen Like Protein-2 and A-Fetoprotein fo...NainaAnon
Data concerning the utility of biomarkers for accurate early HCC detection in cirrhotic patients are lacking. 1.2. Methods: We evaluated 112 consecutive Caucasian cirrhotic patients with (n=28) or without (n=84) concomitant HCC at baseline for serum AFP and plasma fibrinogen like protein-2 (FGL-2) levels. Patients without confirmed HCC at baseline were further followed up every six months with ultrasound and serum AFP levels, according to HCC surveillance program. Imaging as well as histological confirmation of HCC was established in patients with new lesions. Du
The Black Fungus is One of the Bad Consequences of COVID 19NainaAnon
Recently, since the emergence of the Covid 19 pandemic, the whole world has been waiting for what comes after Corona and when that pandemic will disappear and how to get rid of it. Therefore, all countries, whether Arab or foreign, sought to empty scientific research to produce a vaccine to treat this pandemic. These circumstances have inflicted material and human losses for all countries. In an attempt to combat Covid 19 after the vaccine was manufactured, however, the winds are coming in what ships do not desire, so there is a new outbreak, namely the black fungus.
Circulating Tumor Cells and Cell-Free Nucleic Acids as Predictor Factors for ...NainaAnon
Pancreatic cancer remains as one of the most aggressive and deadliest of cancers largely due to formidable challenges in diagnosis and therapy. Consensus standard treatment for patients with nonmetastatic Pancreatic Cancer (PC) incorporates possible neoadjuvant chemotherapy with timely surgical resection and adjuvant chemotherapy. However, despite all the sophistication of modern radiological and endoscopic techniques, the decision regarding operability is often only made intra-operatively, therefore subjecting a patient to unnecessary surgical intervention, and postponing the possibility of starting early chemotherapy.
Research Progress in Chronic Lymphocytic LeukemiaNainaAnon
Cancer is an uncontrolled division of cell occurs due to genetic alterations and mutation. Chronic lymphocytic leukemia is the heterogeneous lymphocytic malignancy worldwide that leads to death. The advancement of genetic analysis techniques and the identification of suitable biomarkers show significant differences in the treatment period. In this paper will discuss the microRNA that is small Non-coding RNAs and is involved in CLL beginning, development, and resistance to therapy and also will explain the stages of CLL.
Genetics of Breast and Ovary Cancers Associated with Hereditary Cancers and t...NainaAnon
Carriers of the BRCA-1/2 mutation have increased and variable risks of Breast Cancer (BC) and ovarian cancer and vary or are modified by common genetic variants and their incidence genetic testing and risk-reducing surgery has increased, they should receive advice and evaluation by the physician with experience in genetics.
Increased of Protein O-Fucosyl Transferase 1 and 2 Genes Expression in Gastri...NainaAnon
Gastric cancer is one of the most common cancers in the world. Gastric cancer usually occurs at an advanced age (average ≥ 65 years) and has symptoms similar to gastric ulcers and other gastric infections, its early diagnosis is one of the major problems of this type of cancer. Molecular mechanisms initiate cancer and the molecular changes of normal cells compared to cancer cells are very important. dysfunction of Fucosyl transferase enzymes is associated with gastric cancer.
Report Back from SGO 2024: What’s the Latest in Cervical Cancer?bkling
Are you curious about what’s new in cervical cancer research or unsure what the findings mean? Join Dr. Emily Ko, a gynecologic oncologist at Penn Medicine, to learn about the latest updates from the Society of Gynecologic Oncology (SGO) 2024 Annual Meeting on Women’s Cancer. Dr. Ko will discuss what the research presented at the conference means for you and answer your questions about the new developments.
Acute scrotum is a general term referring to an emergency condition affecting the contents or the wall of the scrotum.
There are a number of conditions that present acutely, predominantly with pain and/or swelling
A careful and detailed history and examination, and in some cases, investigations allow differentiation between these diagnoses. A prompt diagnosis is essential as the patient may require urgent surgical intervention
Testicular torsion refers to twisting of the spermatic cord, causing ischaemia of the testicle.
Testicular torsion results from inadequate fixation of the testis to the tunica vaginalis producing ischemia from reduced arterial inflow and venous outflow obstruction.
The prevalence of testicular torsion in adult patients hospitalized with acute scrotal pain is approximately 25 to 50 percent
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN HEALTHCARE.pdfAnujkumaranit
Artificial intelligence (AI) refers to the simulation of human intelligence processes by machines, especially computer systems. It encompasses tasks such as learning, reasoning, problem-solving, perception, and language understanding. AI technologies are revolutionizing various fields, from healthcare to finance, by enabling machines to perform tasks that typically require human intelligence.
263778731218 Abortion Clinic /Pills In Harare ,sisternakatoto
263778731218 Abortion Clinic /Pills In Harare ,ABORTION WOMEN’S CLINIC +27730423979 IN women clinic we believe that every woman should be able to make choices in her pregnancy. Our job is to provide compassionate care, safety,affordable and confidential services. That’s why we have won the trust from all generations of women all over the world. we use non surgical method(Abortion pills) to terminate…Dr.LISA +27730423979women Clinic is committed to providing the highest quality of obstetrical and gynecological care to women of all ages. Our dedicated staff aim to treat each patient and her health concerns with compassion and respect.Our dedicated group ABORTION WOMEN’S CLINIC +27730423979 IN women clinic we believe that every woman should be able to make choices in her pregnancy. Our job is to provide compassionate care, safety,affordable and confidential services. That’s why we have won the trust from all generations of women all over the world. we use non surgical method(Abortion pills) to terminate…Dr.LISA +27730423979women Clinic is committed to providing the highest quality of obstetrical and gynecological care to women of all ages. Our dedicated staff aim to treat each patient and her health concerns with compassion and respect.Our dedicated group of receptionists, nurses, and physicians have worked together as a teamof receptionists, nurses, and physicians have worked together as a team wwww.lisywomensclinic.co.za/
New Drug Discovery and Development .....NEHA GUPTA
The "New Drug Discovery and Development" process involves the identification, design, testing, and manufacturing of novel pharmaceutical compounds with the aim of introducing new and improved treatments for various medical conditions. This comprehensive endeavor encompasses various stages, including target identification, preclinical studies, clinical trials, regulatory approval, and post-market surveillance. It involves multidisciplinary collaboration among scientists, researchers, clinicians, regulatory experts, and pharmaceutical companies to bring innovative therapies to market and address unmet medical needs.
Lung Cancer: Artificial Intelligence, Synergetics, Complex System Analysis, S...Oleg Kshivets
RESULTS: Overall life span (LS) was 2252.1±1742.5 days and cumulative 5-year survival (5YS) reached 73.2%, 10 years – 64.8%, 20 years – 42.5%. 513 LCP lived more than 5 years (LS=3124.6±1525.6 days), 148 LCP – more than 10 years (LS=5054.4±1504.1 days).199 LCP died because of LC (LS=562.7±374.5 days). 5YS of LCP after bi/lobectomies was significantly superior in comparison with LCP after pneumonectomies (78.1% vs.63.7%, P=0.00001 by log-rank test). AT significantly improved 5YS (66.3% vs. 34.8%) (P=0.00000 by log-rank test) only for LCP with N1-2. Cox modeling displayed that 5YS of LCP significantly depended on: phase transition (PT) early-invasive LC in terms of synergetics, PT N0—N12, cell ratio factors (ratio between cancer cells- CC and blood cells subpopulations), G1-3, histology, glucose, AT, blood cell circuit, prothrombin index, heparin tolerance, recalcification time (P=0.000-0.038). Neural networks, genetic algorithm selection and bootstrap simulation revealed relationships between 5YS and PT early-invasive LC (rank=1), PT N0—N12 (rank=2), thrombocytes/CC (3), erythrocytes/CC (4), eosinophils/CC (5), healthy cells/CC (6), lymphocytes/CC (7), segmented neutrophils/CC (8), stick neutrophils/CC (9), monocytes/CC (10); leucocytes/CC (11). Correct prediction of 5YS was 100% by neural networks computing (area under ROC curve=1.0; error=0.0).
CONCLUSIONS: 5YS of LCP after radical procedures significantly depended on: 1) PT early-invasive cancer; 2) PT N0--N12; 3) cell ratio factors; 4) blood cell circuit; 5) biochemical factors; 6) hemostasis system; 7) AT; 8) LC characteristics; 9) LC cell dynamics; 10) surgery type: lobectomy/pneumonectomy; 11) anthropometric data. Optimal diagnosis and treatment strategies for LC are: 1) screening and early detection of LC; 2) availability of experienced thoracic surgeons because of complexity of radical procedures; 3) aggressive en block surgery and adequate lymph node dissection for completeness; 4) precise prediction; 5) adjuvant chemoimmunoradiotherapy for LCP with unfavorable prognosis.
Couples presenting to the infertility clinic- Do they really have infertility...Sujoy Dasgupta
Dr Sujoy Dasgupta presented the study on "Couples presenting to the infertility clinic- Do they really have infertility? – The unexplored stories of non-consummation" in the 13th Congress of the Asia Pacific Initiative on Reproduction (ASPIRE 2024) at Manila on 24 May, 2024.
Ozempic: Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists Saeid Safari
Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists like Ozempic and Semiglutide
ASA GUIDELINE
NYSORA Guideline
2 Case Reports of Gastric Ultrasound
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Ve...kevinkariuki227
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Verified Chapters 1 - 19, Complete Newest Version.pdf
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Verified Chapters 1 - 19, Complete Newest Version.pdf
Recomendações da OMS sobre cuidados maternos e neonatais para uma experiência pós-natal positiva.
Em consonância com os ODS – Objetivos do Desenvolvimento Sustentável e a Estratégia Global para a Saúde das Mulheres, Crianças e Adolescentes, e aplicando uma abordagem baseada nos direitos humanos, os esforços de cuidados pós-natais devem expandir-se para além da cobertura e da simples sobrevivência, de modo a incluir cuidados de qualidade.
Estas diretrizes visam melhorar a qualidade dos cuidados pós-natais essenciais e de rotina prestados às mulheres e aos recém-nascidos, com o objetivo final de melhorar a saúde e o bem-estar materno e neonatal.
Uma “experiência pós-natal positiva” é um resultado importante para todas as mulheres que dão à luz e para os seus recém-nascidos, estabelecendo as bases para a melhoria da saúde e do bem-estar a curto e longo prazo. Uma experiência pós-natal positiva é definida como aquela em que as mulheres, pessoas que gestam, os recém-nascidos, os casais, os pais, os cuidadores e as famílias recebem informação consistente, garantia e apoio de profissionais de saúde motivados; e onde um sistema de saúde flexível e com recursos reconheça as necessidades das mulheres e dos bebês e respeite o seu contexto cultural.
Estas diretrizes consolidadas apresentam algumas recomendações novas e já bem fundamentadas sobre cuidados pós-natais de rotina para mulheres e neonatos que recebem cuidados no pós-parto em unidades de saúde ou na comunidade, independentemente dos recursos disponíveis.
É fornecido um conjunto abrangente de recomendações para cuidados durante o período puerperal, com ênfase nos cuidados essenciais que todas as mulheres e recém-nascidos devem receber, e com a devida atenção à qualidade dos cuidados; isto é, a entrega e a experiência do cuidado recebido. Estas diretrizes atualizam e ampliam as recomendações da OMS de 2014 sobre cuidados pós-natais da mãe e do recém-nascido e complementam as atuais diretrizes da OMS sobre a gestão de complicações pós-natais.
O estabelecimento da amamentação e o manejo das principais intercorrências é contemplada.
Recomendamos muito.
Vamos discutir essas recomendações no nosso curso de pós-graduação em Aleitamento no Instituto Ciclos.
Esta publicação só está disponível em inglês até o momento.
Prof. Marcus Renato de Carvalho
www.agostodourado.com
Title: Sense of Taste
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the structure and function of taste buds.
Describe the relationship between the taste threshold and taste index of common substances.
Explain the chemical basis and signal transduction of taste perception for each type of primary taste sensation.
Recognize different abnormalities of taste perception and their causes.
Key Topics:
Significance of Taste Sensation:
Differentiation between pleasant and harmful food
Influence on behavior
Selection of food based on metabolic needs
Receptors of Taste:
Taste buds on the tongue
Influence of sense of smell, texture of food, and pain stimulation (e.g., by pepper)
Primary and Secondary Taste Sensations:
Primary taste sensations: Sweet, Sour, Salty, Bitter, Umami
Chemical basis and signal transduction mechanisms for each taste
Taste Threshold and Index:
Taste threshold values for Sweet (sucrose), Salty (NaCl), Sour (HCl), and Bitter (Quinine)
Taste index relationship: Inversely proportional to taste threshold
Taste Blindness:
Inability to taste certain substances, particularly thiourea compounds
Example: Phenylthiocarbamide
Structure and Function of Taste Buds:
Composition: Epithelial cells, Sustentacular/Supporting cells, Taste cells, Basal cells
Features: Taste pores, Taste hairs/microvilli, and Taste nerve fibers
Location of Taste Buds:
Found in papillae of the tongue (Fungiform, Circumvallate, Foliate)
Also present on the palate, tonsillar pillars, epiglottis, and proximal esophagus
Mechanism of Taste Stimulation:
Interaction of taste substances with receptors on microvilli
Signal transduction pathways for Umami, Sweet, Bitter, Sour, and Salty tastes
Taste Sensitivity and Adaptation:
Decrease in sensitivity with age
Rapid adaptation of taste sensation
Role of Saliva in Taste:
Dissolution of tastants to reach receptors
Washing away the stimulus
Taste Preferences and Aversions:
Mechanisms behind taste preference and aversion
Influence of receptors and neural pathways
Impact of Sensory Nerve Damage:
Degeneration of taste buds if the sensory nerve fiber is cut
Abnormalities of Taste Detection:
Conditions: Ageusia, Hypogeusia, Dysgeusia (parageusia)
Causes: Nerve damage, neurological disorders, infections, poor oral hygiene, adverse drug effects, deficiencies, aging, tobacco use, altered neurotransmitter levels
Neurotransmitters and Taste Threshold:
Effects of serotonin (5-HT) and norepinephrine (NE) on taste sensitivity
Supertasters:
25% of the population with heightened sensitivity to taste, especially bitterness
Increased number of fungiform papillae
These simplified slides by Dr. Sidra Arshad present an overview of the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract.
Learning objectives:
1. Enlist the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract
2. Briefly explain how these functions are carried out
3. Discuss the significance of dead space
4. Differentiate between minute ventilation and alveolar ventilation
5. Describe the cough and sneeze reflexes
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 39, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 34, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
3. Chapter 17, Human Physiology by Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
4. Non-respiratory functions of the lungs https://academic.oup.com/bjaed/article/13/3/98/278874
Prix Galien International 2024 Forum ProgramLevi Shapiro
June 20, 2024, Prix Galien International and Jerusalem Ethics Forum in ROME. Detailed agenda including panels:
- ADVANCES IN CARDIOLOGY: A NEW PARADIGM IS COMING
- WOMEN’S HEALTH: FERTILITY PRESERVATION
- WHAT’S NEW IN THE TREATMENT OF INFECTIOUS,
ONCOLOGICAL AND INFLAMMATORY SKIN DISEASES?
- ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND ETHICS
- GENE THERAPY
- BEYOND BORDERS: GLOBAL INITIATIVES FOR DEMOCRATIZING LIFE SCIENCE TECHNOLOGIES AND PROMOTING ACCESS TO HEALTHCARE
- ETHICAL CHALLENGES IN LIFE SCIENCES
- Prix Galien International Awards Ceremony
2. tency, during biopsy it bleeds moderately, a biopsy was taken for
morpho-analysis.
Figure 1: Image of gastric leiomyosarcoma in white light.
Figure 2: Image of gastric leiomyosarcoma in NBI.
Figure 3: Image of gastric leiomyosarcoma in NBI and Dual Focus.
Figure 4: The microscopic picture.
The 1st photo shows the formation of the stomach in white light,
flat raised shape with depression in the center. In the 2nd photo,
the same formation in narrow-spectral mode, an irregular vascular
pattern of the surface mucosa is visible. In the 3rd photo, the for-
mation of the stomach in narrow-spectral mode with magnification
(Dual Focus) - you can see vascular-free areas and vessels of a
bizarre shape.
The 4th photo shows the morphological picture of the biopsy ma-
terial-fragments of the gastric mucosa with the presence of tumor
growth, represented by spindle-shaped cells that form short bun-
dles. Cell nuclei are polymorphic, and mitoses are isolated.
Immunoperoxidase method was used to study with antibodies to
S100-positive cytoplasmic expression; Caldesmon, Desmin-posi-
tive cytoplasmic expression of tumor cells; CD117-no expression;
Ki67-30%. Conclusion of the immunohistochemical study-mor-
phological picture and immunophenotype, most appropriate for
gastric leimyosarcoma, Grade II.
4. Conclusion
Until the end of the 20th century, most gastrointestinal stromal
tumors were mistaken for leiomyomas and leiomyosarcomas, but
advances in immunohistochemistry and increased its reliability
have reduced the frequency of diagnosis of gastric leiomyosarco-
mas to 1% of all gastric malignancies [4]. Only 10-15% of mesen-
chymal gastric tumors can morphologically be true leiomyosar-
comas. The clinical picture and age group of patients with gastric
leiomyosarcoma are similar to malignant stromal tumors of the
gastrointestinal tract and the average age of patients is 50-60 years
with a slight predominance of men. In these sarcomas, there are no
typical stomach symptoms such as heartburn, hunger pains, etc.,
nor are there any systemic symptoms such as general weakness,
night sweats, etc. Most of these tumors are clinically asymptomat-
ic for a long time, until they grow large and begin to ulcerate and
bleed. Thus, the primary diagnosis is rarely made before surgery
based on physical and clinical data and is therefore a godsend for
emergency gastroscopy.
Almost all known types of medical imaging are used to diagnose
gastric leiomyosarcoma. For example, for large formations, com-
puted tomography of the thoracic and abdominal organs is per-
formed to assess the primary spread of the tumor and the stage of
metastasis. For small formations of the gastrointestinal tract less
than 2 cm, endosonography is used. In patients with unresectable
and metastatic tumors, an endoscopic or percutaneous biopsy is
performed for final diagnosis before starting treatment. Percutane-
ous biopsy or laparoscopic biopsy is not appropriate for resectable
formation due to the risk of tumor rupture or dissemination of the
process into the abdominal cavity, unless this can lead to a change
in treatment.
Since the histological spectrum of stromal tumors of the gastro-
intestinal tract was much wider than previously thought, it was
therefore mandatory to conduct a macroscopic study of the tumor
site with adequate sampling for morphological verification and
clinicsofoncology.com 2
Volume 3 Issue 5 -2020 Case Report
3. immunohistochemical phenotyping. The surgeon determines the
operability and resectability of the formation, as well as the gener-
al preoperative status of the patient. Since there is no lymphogenic
metastasis in leiomyosarcomas, lymphodissection is not shown
here, and metastasis is mainly hematogenic, and as a result, the
five-year survival rate after surgical resection is 37-54% [5].
In the treatment of such patients, more attention is paid to gastric
resection than to chemotherapy and radiation therapy in advanced
cases. The prognosis is still unfavorable for patients with such a
tumor.
The final diagnosis of leiomyosarcoma, which occurs between the
muscle layers of propria and muscularis mucosa, is established on
the basis of data from a histological study. And when a superficial
biopsy material is taken from the stomach formation, it can give
a negative morphological picture and therefore a deep biopsy is
required. In the diagnosis of gastric leimiosarcoma, endoscopic ul-
trasound showed high sensitivity, up to 97% [6]. This technology
of taking biopsy material under ultrasound navigation was not
available in our facility, so during gastroscopy, we used a step-by-
step biopsy, which allows us to take deep biopsies. Thus, gastric
leiomyosarcoma is a very rare tumor, and the diagnosis is made on
the basis of histological examination with immunohistochemical
confirmation.
References
1. Abdulazeez S, Malee F, David H, et al. Establishment and molec-
ular characterisation of seven novel soft-tissue sarcoma cell lines.
British Journal of Cancer. 2016; 115: 1058-68.
2. Coffin CM, Hornick JL, Fletcher CDM. Inflammatory myofibro-
blastic tumor: comparison of clinicopathologic, histologic, and im-
munohistochemical features including ALK expression in atypical
and aggressive cases. The American Journal of Surgical Pathology.
2007; 31: 509-20.
3. Jo VY, Fletcher CDM. WHO classification of soft tissue tumours:
an update based on the 2013 (4th) edition. The journal of the Royal
College of Pathologists of Australasia. 2014; 46; 95-104.
4. Mehta V, Rajawat M, Rastogi S, Phulware RH, Mezencev R. Leio-
myosarcoma of the stomach with metastasis to the liver: a case re-
port with review of the literature. Future Science. 2018; 4(2).
5. Leeman MF, Skouras C, Paterson Brown S. The management of
perforated gastric ulcers. Int J Surg. 2013; 11(4): 322-4.
6. Guo-Qiang Xu, Bing-Ling Zhang, You-Ming Li, et al. Diagnostic
value of endoscopic ultrasonography for gastrointestinal leiomyo-
ma. World J Gastroenterol. 2003; 9(9): 2088-91.
clinicsofoncology.com 3
Volume 3 Issue 5 -2020 Case Report
![Clinics of Oncology
Case Report Volume 3
ISSN: 2640-1037
Leiomyosarcoma of Stomach
Batyrbekova K*
, Galiakbarova A and Ualikhanov A
Department of expert endoscopy, National Research Oncology Center, Nur-Sultan, Kazakhstan
*
Corresponding author:
Kanat Batyrbekov,
Department of expert endoscopy, National Research
Oncology Center, Kerey, Zhanibek khandar St 3,
Nur-Sultan 010000, Kazakhstan,
Tel: +7-707-474-4980,
E-mail: dr.kanat77@gmail.com,
kense@cancercenter.kz
Received: 20 Jan 2021
Accepted: 03 Feb 2021
Published: 07 Feb 2021
Copyright:
©2020 Batyrbekova K et al. This is an open access article
distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attri-
bution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution,
and build upon your work non-commercially.
Citation:
Batyrbekova K, Leiomyosarcoma of Stomach. Clin Onco.
2020; 3(5): 1-3.
Keywords:
Leiomyosarcoma; Rare type of cancer; Gastrointesti-
nal cancer; Sarcoma; Endoscopy
1. Abstract
Leiomyosarcoma is a malignant tumor that forms from smooth
muscle tissue. The average age of the disease is 40 to 60 years. The
tumor is characterized by rapid progressive growth with a high
degree of malignancy, while it often recurs and at the early stages
it metastases to other organs. Of the sarcomas in the stomach, the
most common is leiomyosarcoma, which accounts for 1-3% of all
stomach tumors. The tumor rarely grows into neighboring organs
and tissues; it does not metastasize to the lymph nodes, but it does
metastasize to the liver and lungs. Most of the cases
described as leiomyosarcomas were actually gastrointestinal stro-
mal tumors and therefore only 13 cases of true gastric leiomyo-
sarcomas have been published in the English-language literature
since the 2000s. In this article, we presented our first event on the
diagnosis of gastric leiomyosarcoma.
2. Introduction
Due to a small percentage of these tumors, there is still no standard
treatment protocol for these patients, but standard gastric resection
is used.
The main method in the chain of diagnostic measures is morpho-
logical (histological and immunohistochemical) examination of
the material after a tumor biopsy [1]. All leiomyosarcomas can
be divided into the following morphological variants: spindle cell
(traditional), pleomorphic, epithelioid, myxoid, and inflammatory
[2]. Histological examination of the tumor, currently, in the vast
majority of cases, does not allow the pathologist establish an ac-
curate morphological diagnosis. Currently, immunohistochemical
treatment is widely used all over the world. 5 research using mono
- and polyclonal antibodies [3].
With the advent of immunohistochemistry and its increasing
availability for the diagnosis of stromal tumors, the frequency of
leiomyosarcomas has significantly decreased. Currently, gastric
leiomyosarcoma is an exceptionally rare tumor. We report the first
case in the kazakh endoscopy society and kazakh oncology of gas-
tric leiomyosarcoma revealed with metastatic disease of brain and
lung.
3. Case Report
Patient S. 68 years old, was admitted to the paid department for
further examination with a diagnosis: MTS of both lungs without
a primary lesion. Volume formation of the left parietal-occipital
region. Convexital meningioma? Chronic calculous cholecystitis.
Bronchial asthma, persistent course, moderate severity. Bronchi-
ectasis. Arterial hypertension 3 St, risk 3.
It is aimed at endoscopic check-up to identify the primary focus
(bronchoscopy, gastroscopy, colonoscopy).
During gastroscopy – at the level of the middle part of the stom-
ach body in the area of large curvature, an oval-shaped formation
was revealed, raised with a depression and ulcerative deformity
in the center, at the bottom of the detritus is white, measuring 1.8
X1,2x0.5 cm, on the surface and along the edges of the vascular
pattern is uneven, bizarre, there are avascular areas, the surface
pattern is structureless, during biopsy the tissue is stony consis-
clinicsofoncology.com 1](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/img684763-220620074807-d5a8fbbc/85/Leiomyosarcoma-of-Stomach-1-320.jpg)
![tency, during biopsy it bleeds moderately, a biopsy was taken for
morpho-analysis.
Figure 1: Image of gastric leiomyosarcoma in white light.
Figure 2: Image of gastric leiomyosarcoma in NBI.
Figure 3: Image of gastric leiomyosarcoma in NBI and Dual Focus.
Figure 4: The microscopic picture.
The 1st photo shows the formation of the stomach in white light,
flat raised shape with depression in the center. In the 2nd photo,
the same formation in narrow-spectral mode, an irregular vascular
pattern of the surface mucosa is visible. In the 3rd photo, the for-
mation of the stomach in narrow-spectral mode with magnification
(Dual Focus) - you can see vascular-free areas and vessels of a
bizarre shape.
The 4th photo shows the morphological picture of the biopsy ma-
terial-fragments of the gastric mucosa with the presence of tumor
growth, represented by spindle-shaped cells that form short bun-
dles. Cell nuclei are polymorphic, and mitoses are isolated.
Immunoperoxidase method was used to study with antibodies to
S100-positive cytoplasmic expression; Caldesmon, Desmin-posi-
tive cytoplasmic expression of tumor cells; CD117-no expression;
Ki67-30%. Conclusion of the immunohistochemical study-mor-
phological picture and immunophenotype, most appropriate for
gastric leimyosarcoma, Grade II.
4. Conclusion
Until the end of the 20th century, most gastrointestinal stromal
tumors were mistaken for leiomyomas and leiomyosarcomas, but
advances in immunohistochemistry and increased its reliability
have reduced the frequency of diagnosis of gastric leiomyosarco-
mas to 1% of all gastric malignancies [4]. Only 10-15% of mesen-
chymal gastric tumors can morphologically be true leiomyosar-
comas. The clinical picture and age group of patients with gastric
leiomyosarcoma are similar to malignant stromal tumors of the
gastrointestinal tract and the average age of patients is 50-60 years
with a slight predominance of men. In these sarcomas, there are no
typical stomach symptoms such as heartburn, hunger pains, etc.,
nor are there any systemic symptoms such as general weakness,
night sweats, etc. Most of these tumors are clinically asymptomat-
ic for a long time, until they grow large and begin to ulcerate and
bleed. Thus, the primary diagnosis is rarely made before surgery
based on physical and clinical data and is therefore a godsend for
emergency gastroscopy.
Almost all known types of medical imaging are used to diagnose
gastric leiomyosarcoma. For example, for large formations, com-
puted tomography of the thoracic and abdominal organs is per-
formed to assess the primary spread of the tumor and the stage of
metastasis. For small formations of the gastrointestinal tract less
than 2 cm, endosonography is used. In patients with unresectable
and metastatic tumors, an endoscopic or percutaneous biopsy is
performed for final diagnosis before starting treatment. Percutane-
ous biopsy or laparoscopic biopsy is not appropriate for resectable
formation due to the risk of tumor rupture or dissemination of the
process into the abdominal cavity, unless this can lead to a change
in treatment.
Since the histological spectrum of stromal tumors of the gastro-
intestinal tract was much wider than previously thought, it was
therefore mandatory to conduct a macroscopic study of the tumor
site with adequate sampling for morphological verification and
clinicsofoncology.com 2
Volume 3 Issue 5 -2020 Case Report](data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAAAAP///yH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAIBRAA7)