This document provides a sample assignment for the course "Human Resource Development" covering all blocks. It includes coaching and mentoring processes followed in organizations with examples from NASA. It discusses compensation systems and reward management in organizations citing examples from companies like Genpact and Cognizant. It also explains international theory building in HRD and HRS trends in multinational companies focusing on emerging economies.
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• Why do Organizations Outsource Business Process
• The Hidden Costs of Outsourcing
• Core Competencies
• Outsourcing Trends
• Element Strategic Outsourcing
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The French Revolution, which began in 1789, was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France. It marked the decline of absolute monarchies, the rise of secular and democratic republics, and the eventual rise of Napoleon Bonaparte. This revolutionary period is crucial in understanding the transition from feudalism to modernity in Europe.
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This is a presentation by Dada Robert in a Your Skill Boost masterclass organised by the Excellence Foundation for South Sudan (EFSS) on Saturday, the 25th and Sunday, the 26th of May 2024.
He discussed the concept of quality improvement, emphasizing its applicability to various aspects of life, including personal, project, and program improvements. He defined quality as doing the right thing at the right time in the right way to achieve the best possible results and discussed the concept of the "gap" between what we know and what we do, and how this gap represents the areas we need to improve. He explained the scientific approach to quality improvement, which involves systematic performance analysis, testing and learning, and implementing change ideas. He also highlighted the importance of client focus and a team approach to quality improvement.
How to Split Bills in the Odoo 17 POS ModuleCeline George
Bills have a main role in point of sale procedure. It will help to track sales, handling payments and giving receipts to customers. Bill splitting also has an important role in POS. For example, If some friends come together for dinner and if they want to divide the bill then it is possible by POS bill splitting. This slide will show how to split bills in odoo 17 POS.
The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
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1. SAMPLE ASSIGNMENT MS-22 JAN JUNE 2016
Course Code MS - 22
Course Title Human Resource Development
Assignment Code MS-22/TMA/SEM - I/2016
Assignment Coverage All Blocks
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School of Management Studies
INDIRA GANDHI NATIONAL OPEN UNIVERSITY
MAIDAN GARHI, NEW DELHI – 110 068
2. This is sample copy, Only for viewing. You cannot copy or
take print of this copy.
1. Discuss the process of coaching. What are the basic steps followed in conducting coaching and
mentoring in an organization? Explain with an example.
Process of coaching-
Coaching is training or --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------, as opposed to general goals
or overall development.
Coaching is the process of helping the employee to grow and develop in the organisation. Every manager is coaching
his employee, knowingly or --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------of action for the
employee’s growth and contribution to the organisation. Support involves acceptance of the employee as a total person, with
his strengths and weaknesses, and encouraging him with warmth.
Coaching requires certain interpersonal skills that a manager can acquire easily if he is genuinely interested in developing his
subordinates. Coaching skills are important for a manager, particularly at the time of performance review.
Good managers, whenever the -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------phases: rapport
building, exploration, and action planning.
In the rapport-building phase-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------expressing empathy with
and genuineness of interest in him.
In the exploration phase, the coach attempts to help the employee to understand himself and his problem better. He may do
this by raising questions to help the employee explore his problems and diagnose the problem properly.
In the action planning ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- the development of the
latter. The manager makes commitments to provide the specific support to employee for development.
Three phases (-------------------------------------------- process-
1. Rapport Building-
Rapport --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------frame of reference can do this.
Attending: The opening ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
3. ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------. However, all such rituals
should come out of the genuine concern for and full attention to the employee during the coaching session.
Listening: It has already -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------are indicators of
listening.
Acceptance: ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------can communicate back to the
employee by paraphrasing or mirroring or reflecting what the employee says.
2. Exploration-
Besides accepting the ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------and exploring questions.
Exploring: Exploring -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------discussed, a variety of
questions may be used. Problem.
Identification: After general ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- to generate information on
some concerns and problems and to narrow down focus to identify a more probable problem.
Diagnosis: Diagnosis of the ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------should be to generate
several alternative causes of a problem.
3. Action Planning-
Managers are expected to guide ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------. Three sub-phases
can be identified in action planning.
Searching: The main ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------. This should, however, be
done only after some time. The employee should primarily take the responsibility of generating alternatives.
Decision Making: After the ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------to be altered in the
light of further experience.
Supporting: The final and, -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------, and not his
4. dependence on the coach. A system for monitoring and follow up of the action plan may be prepared. This closes the
coaching interaction.
Basic steps -------------------------------------------------------------------------- mentoring in an organization-
Coaching and Mentoring is a -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------procedures, and hit
individual and team targets—through other people.
Step One: Identify the Opportunity
There are five ways to identify opportunities.
You identify ----------------------------------------------- person.
An --------------------------------------------------------------- for themselves.
A customer, -----------------------------------------------------------------------.
You ---------------------------------------------------------------------- your team.
A ------------------------------------- an opportunity.
Step Two: Picture the Desired Outcome
Once the opportunity is identified, it ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------of making the
needed changes.
Step Three: --------------------------------------------------
How well you really -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------move through the coaching
process with less friction. These skills are: Leadership, Communication, Building trust, Getting commitment vs. compliance.
Step Four: Provide the Resources
In order for a coaching process ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------then not getting it. It
can make everyone feel like they have been set up to fail.
Step Five: Practice & Skill Development
Once the resources are in place ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------for improvement.
Step Six: Reinforce Progress
Making progress is one thing-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------learned new skills,
5. Giving the right kind of feedback, Following up, Handling nonperformance issues, Handling mistakes and people who get
off track
Step Seven: Reward
One of the best -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------of the skills you put into coaching in
this step of the process are: Praise and recognition, Positive feedback techniques, Recognizing people’s strengths and
accomplishments, Having the right credibility and impact in the delivery.
I am familiar with NASA. NASA is the ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------spread throughout the United States. Process opted
by NASA for coaching and mentoring is discussed below-
1. Identify a Coaching Opportunity
A coaching need ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------------or competence will position the person well for future job opportunities.
Once a coaching need has been identified, and before a discussion is initiated with the person, it will is useful to assess your
own experience.
2. Develop a Coaching Plan
A coaching -------------------------------:
• Agree ------------------------------------------
• -------------------------------------------------
• Agree on coaching process, roles and responsibilities
3. Coach
Choosing a style to -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-----------------------------------------------------------to gradually reach higher levels of capability and performance.
Describe the development goal: Start by knowing where you’re going. Describe the desired level of performance in terms of
behaviour and results.
Assess the current capability level: ------------------------------------------------ with respect to the work. Is the performer
confident and motivated? How much skill and/or experience does he or she have?
Encourage growth by adjusting your style: Use the "Stewardship Cycle" below to visualize this. Adjust the amount of
directing and supporting behaviour so as to move in the model toward "Empowering". For example, if you’re currently
"Directing" (Hi Structure/Hi Support) you -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------a little ("Teach" a bit less) and observe progress.
Continue/Re-adjust: If your -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
6. ---------------------------------------------------------------------------a single meeting, you can adjust your style in response to evidence
of growth.
4. Follow-Up
Effective coaches follow up with performers by giving them feedback on their progress, and determining with performers, if
desired outcomes have been met.
Mentoring Process at NASA Headquarters
1. Mentoring program information sessions – --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-----------------------------------. These sessions help prospective participants decide whether this program is right for them.
2. Mentoring program orientation/kickoff workshop – ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------part includes an opportunity for mentors
and mentees to “meet and greet”.
3. Dynamic mentoring orientation training – ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
--------------------------------------------------------------------------- the beginning of the formal mentoring partnerships.
4. Progress reviews and program evaluation - -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------, uncover problems and recommend improvements or adjustments to the program design.
5. Meetings/connections with mentors – Mentees ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
---------------------------------- their personal and professional capabilities, while increasing their organizational effectiveness.
Mentoring agreement – --------------------------------------------------------------------- of the mentoring partnership.
Mentoring action plans – Each partnership design and define --------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------- the specific goals and activities that are to be accomplished during the partnership.
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ to help the partnerships develop personalized
activities, measure progress and troubleshoot problems and challenges.
End of program recognition –At the end ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------- the relationship from dwindling without focus or disintegrating from
inactivity. It's an excellent time to evaluate your work together, finish your last objectives, and plan for future options.
2. What is compensation system? Explain how reward management is carried out in an organisation
citing relevant examples.
Compensation system-
Compensation can be ------------------------------------------------------------------------- labour. This includes:
Direct financial compensation ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ and
commissions provided at regular and consistent intervals
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ the employer
and employee such as benefits, leaves, retirement plans, education, and employee services
Non-financial compensation -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ opportunities,
opportunities for recognition, as well as work environment and conditions
7. In determining ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------------- will meet these individual needs. To a large degree, adequate or
fair compensation is in the mind of the employee.
A good compensation strategy -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------compensated and
knowledgeable of their benefits.
Equity or fairness has been -------------------------------------------- system. It can be defined in the following three ways:
Workplace equity refers --------------------------------------------------------------------------- being treated fairly
External pay equity exists when ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- rewarded fairly in
relation to those who perform similar jobs in other organizations
Internal pay equity exists ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ fairly according to
the relative value of their jobs within an organization
There are a number of ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------equity issues, will directly
inform the culture of your organization.
A compensation philosophy is -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------and the employee.
Without a philosophy, leaders often find themselves unsure of what to offer as a starting salary for a new employee. This can
lead to offering too high a total compensation package for a new employee in relation to existing employees, or being unable
to successfully hire because the total compensation offer is too low to be competitive.
compensation-cum-reward system
Compensation is the ---------------------------------------------------------- for their work, or
Pay is an ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- and the employer.
8. From a manager's perspective----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------------for savings (perhaps for retirement) and leisure, increase over time,
and are fair.
A firm's compensation -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
---------------------------------------------------------------. Therefore, for example, if --------------------------------------------------
reinforced through some element of the total compensation system.
RECENT TRENDS – A FEW EXAMPLES
It’s an annual affair at Genpact to ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------------------of non-compensation rewards to retain leaders.
Retaining and ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
----------------------------------------------------success of the company with them.
It is common to see firms ring fence -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- in the form of
retention pay, deferred bonus plans, stock options and shadow options.
Companies are arriving at a reward system, which is linked with the company’s performance.
As a business leader in Accenture -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------------ it works well as it makes leaders conscious of the fact that they
carry the weight of the organization.
Employee stock plans offered by ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
----------------------------------------------------------------------------still a small percentage of their overall numbers.
The attractiveness quotient for Indian companies is increasing all the time. Even though we see emergence of several
“employee millionaires”, analysis caution, relying on generous compensation as the only strategy for retaining your key
resources is a sure shot recipe for disaster.
There is interplay of multiple ------------------------------------------------------------------------ for top talent and creates a long-
term sustainable employer brand. That’s why the best employers need not necessarily be the best paymasters.
9. “First and foremost is to ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
behaviour, the freedom to make informed business decisions and above all eliminates the fear of failure.
HR fraternity believes ICICI Bank ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------with senior people in ICICI group.
REWARD SYSTEM IN COMPANY: COGNIZANT
A company gifting a small --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- who has decided to
leave the organization. But, for those staying on, such gifts can make a lot of difference.
Giving instant gifts to reward employees is catching up. Cognizant Technology Solutions with large software development
centers in India, have used the instant reward scheme to motivate their employees. ‘Out wehing Others’
Wahl Cognizant is an incentive --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
--------------------------------------------------------------------------to Pondicherry and chartered flights to Malaysia.
Designed on the lines of a frequent ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------definition. For example, works such as training, knowledge
harvesting, recruiting, participation in quality ------------------------------------------------------------ for reward points based on
certain defined parameters.
“Wah! has been a big hit in -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
---------------------------------------------------------------------of the company’s associates have been awarded Wah! points that can be
redeemed for Cognizant branded merchandise.
As one enters any of Cognizant’s offices, the branded merchandise is prominently displayed to remind and motivate
employees to earn the gift of their choice, he says. This motivation prompts them to excel and take advice interest in
contributing to multiple areas such as certification, quality or training. Even prospective applicants or interviewees notice the
array of gifts that adorn the reception area.
3. What is international theory building in HRD? Explain the HRS trends in multinational companies.
International Human Resource Development provides thought-provoking questions and stimulating answers to key issues
in human resource development today, putting HRD in its strategic organizational context and examining in depth the
process of learning from different perspectives.
International human resource development is an integral part of international development work. For example, the -----------
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------------------------------- training methods and channels in the mission of spreading the
10. “Taiwan experience” to ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- with
international organizations and NGOs to enable Taiwan’s diplomatic objectives to be achieved throughout the world.
There is a lot of effort in the US ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------theory building in
HRD in this conference.
Lynham (2000) observes -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------of observed phenomena are
generated, verified, and refined.
There is a growing recognition of -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------to have come from
Industrial Psychology, Sociology, Social Work studies, Social Psychology, and organizational studies.
“Theory building is important ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------develop multiple and
inclusive methods of research for theory building and practice in HRD.”
The five steps suggested ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- HRD, are
important next steps for HRD Profession. These are:
1) We must ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- to the maturity of thought and practice
2) We must commit to agree and to ------------------------------------------------------------------- rather than at methods level;
3) We must conduct --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------, multiple methods and
paradigms of theory building to HRD researcher and practitioner;
4) We must --------------------------------------------------------------------- in HRD
5) Although some of these ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-----, these pioneering steps of discovery and ------------------------------------------------------------------------- explicit in the
HRD body of knowledge;
6) We need to -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- building in HRD.
This discussion indicates that in the U.S.A and U.K. HRD has come to be accepted as a profession though debates about
what constitutes it exactly, how is different from HRM, etc. go on. One can draw the following conclusions from this
discussion and the review of literature:
There is a body of ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- it is universal and some of it
may be context specific
There are well defined long term programs to provide education and training
There is a good ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- basis
Professional bodies take interest in promoting research and theorization
Universities offer ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ at various levels.
There are serious --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- for the profession.
Theoretical Frameworks of HRD
As HRD came to -----------------------------------------------------------------------. Some of these are briefly reviewed here.
11. The Strategic HR Framework Approach: ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
contribution; and (4) management of transformation and change.
The activities for managing strategic human resources include: ---------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ to employees: “providing
resources to employees”, managing transformation and change: “ensuring capacity for change”.
The activities for Management of firm infrastructure includes: constant -----------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
--------------------------, and finding ways to provide employees with resources that meet their changing demands. The
activities for Managing transformation and change includes: identifying and framing problems, building relationships of
trust, solving problems, creating and fulfilling action plans.
The HRD trends and concerns in -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------. HRD has a
strategic role to play in transforming Asian societies into fast growing economies of the world.
HRS trends in multinational companies-
The rapid rise of multinational Corporations (MNCs) from emerging economies has led to greater interest and urgency in
developing a better understanding of ------------------------------------------------------------------------- perspective and without
assuming the prevailing Western ethnocentric orthodoxy.
Research on MNCs has tended to be ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------of investments’
(UNCTAD, 2004). Whilst most MNCs come from the world’s top five economies, a growing number are from developing
and newer industrialized economies. UNCTAD categorizes developing economies into two groups - South Korea, Taiwan
and Singapore who are newer industrialized and have an established track record as outward investors and those such as
India and China that are rapidly developing.
Some trends are as follows-
1. International Recruitment and Hiring
Globalization -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------of the business.
2. Progressive Approaches to Benefits and Compensation
Similar to the trend of recruiting --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
12. -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------offering paternity
leave, extended holiday time, work-from-home programs and flexible childcare options for their employees. These
approaches to compensation allow employees to balance their work with their personal life and are aimed to increase
happiness and productivity among the staff.
3. Introduction of Social Media
Social media and ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------who are tech savvy and eager to
embrace new ways of doing business.
4. Professional Development
Professional development training programs have also arisen as a trend in response to global compensation approaches.
Professional development is about providing employees with opportunities for growth outside the day-to-day routine of the
organization. For example, --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------motivated and feeling
rewarded, and the new skills these employees learn are put to direct use within the company.
5. Global Issues
This is focused on issue of corporations operating globally as well as cross-cultural issues and trends in Training from
different regions of the world. They are as follows:
The -------------------------------------------------- leaders;
New -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Peking and Paris;
Developing --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- skills;
Training in ------------------------------------------------------------------------- America;
----------------------------------------------------------------------------;
Developing --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- from Middle East;
Identifying effective cross cultural leadership behaviour;
Developing ------------------------------------------------------------------------ cultures;
Y2K --------------------------------------------------------------------------- global learning;
Using virtual teams to develop global leaders, and
Methodologies for --------------------------------------------------------------------- acquisitions.
6. ----------------------------------------
This included in this theme are:
Interactive ---------------------------------------- and Activities;
High --------------------------------------------------------------- your system administrator will love;
Integrating ------------------------------------------------------------------------- and Human Performance;
The Future of -------------------------------------------------------------------------;
Asynchronous distance learning for Corporate Education : Experiences with Lotus learning space;
Blending ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------;
13. 7. Changing skill requirements
Recruiting and developing ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------leaders etc. Strategic
human resource planning will have to carefully weigh the skill deficiencies and shortages. HRM department will have to
devise suitable training and short term programmes to bridge the skill gaps & deficiencies.
8. Re-engineering work processes for improved productivity
Although continuous improvement initiatives -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------up to the
possibility that what the organization may really need is radical or quantum change. Such drastic change results in the re-
engineering of the organization. Re-engineering occurs when more than 70% of the work processes in an organization are
evaluated and altered. It requires organizational members to rethink what work should be done, how it is to be done and how
to best implement these decisions. Re-engineering changes how organizations do their business and directly affects the
employees. Re-engineering may leave --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------new skills as a
result of the re-engineering process.
9. Employee involvement
For today’s organization’s to be ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------do. Empowering
employees requires extensive training in all aspects of the job. Workers may need to understand how new job design
processes. They may need training in interpersonal skills to make participative and work teams function properly.
Conclusion-
Despite the increasing trend towards -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------differences, the importance of country of origin is a consistent
theme in the research in this area.
Our conceptual framework adopts a --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------IHRM research by giving ‘equal weight to both the subsidiary
level and to corporate headquarters within a firm’ (Ferner, 2009).
Increasing investment by ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
14. ------------------------------------------------------------------MNCs. If the East becomes, in popular jargon, the new West we need to
develop newer models to aid the understanding of how Asian MNCs, particularly from China and India, are going to
exercise corporate control in an increasingly multi-polar world.
In the 21st
century knowledge economy where services and creative industries dominate the economic landscape that is
tilting more towards developing and transition economies, the theories and practices applicable to Western MNCs that
monopolized the 20th
century ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- management
paradigms. Accordingly, reexamining the management approaches and practices of MNCs from newer industrialized and
developing economies such as India is likely to remain a key research issue for the next decade, given the speed of economic
development and the increasing influence and numbers employed by such companies.
4. What is 360 degree feedback? Explain how 360 degree appraisal is carried out in an organisation.
Cite examples.
360 degree feedback-
In human resources or industrial psychology, 360-degree feedback, also known as multi-rater feedback, multi source
feedback, or multi source assessment, is ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- the
employees are most often reviewed only by their managers.
The results from a 360-degree -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------should be used
exclusively for development purposes, or should be used for appraisal purposes as well.
Unlike, the traditional top------------------------------------------------------------- of their subordinate, 360 Degree feedback
incorporates multiple perspectives by using feedback from a variety of sources. These sources include peers, subordinates,
customers, self, and supervisor.
The results of this type of feedback -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- how others perceive their work
performance. This kind of information can guide employee development and identify training needs.
Feedback is essential to facilitating performance improvements. Feedback allows people to utilize their strengths to their
advantage. Feedback informs employees which actions create problems for others and to know what changes may be needed.
360 Feedback can also be a --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------want to move into a
management role.
A study on the patterns of rater ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------.” The study concludes that
15. the most accurate ratings come from those who have known the individual being reviewed long enough to get past the first
impression, but not so long that they begin to generalize favorably.
It has been suggested that multi-rater ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------- that self-ratings are generally significantly higher than the ratings given from others.
What a 360 Feedback Survey Measures:
360 feedback ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
360 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- an employee
360 feedback -------------------------------------------------------------------------, and goal-setting
A 360 evaluation --------------------------------------------------------------, character, and leadership effectiveness
What 360 -------------------------------------------------------:
360 feedback is not a ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ (MBOs)
360 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- basic job requirements
360 feedback is not -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- skills
360 feedback should not -------------------------------------------------------------------, sales quotas, etc.
How is 360 ------------------------------------------------------?
Companies typically -------------------------------------------------------------- ways:
1. 360 Feedback as a ------------------------------------------------------------------------- and become more effective
When done properly, 360 is highly ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------------------------------and develop skills that will enable them to excel at their jobs.
2. 360 Feedback as a ----------------------------------------------------- measure employee performance
Using a 360 degree -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
16. -----------------------------------------------------possible and can be beneficial to incorporate 360 feedbacks into a larger
performance management process, but only with clear communication on how the 360 feedback will be used.
Example-
Starwood Hotels & Resorts Worldwide, Inc. owns, ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------is one of the world's largest hotel companies and
one of the well-respected in the industry.
BUSINESS CHALLENGE
Starwood wanted to provide a valuable developmental offering for all leaders across the global organization. The
organization had considerable experience with 360 degree feedback in the past but over the years had decided to refine their
approach and had developed specific criteria for this initiative:
Implement an easy-to-use -------------------------------------------------------------------- across the organization,
Tailor the survey ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- leadership team,
Partner with a ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- but at a very reasonable cost, and
Customize the feedback reports to ----------------------------------------------------------------- areas but also to allow
individuals to interpret their feedback report without the use of individual coaching.
The HR leadership team ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------). Starwood chose viaPeople for
this global 360 degree feedback initiative.
SOLUTION
viaPeople worked closely -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------and need to be addressed.
viaPeople and Starwood implemented a three-step process to achieve these objectives:
1. Design ---------------------------------------- Content
2. Configure ------------------------------------------------ Solution
3. Provide Individual and Aggregate Reporting
Step 1: ---------------------------------------
The first step in the -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-----------------------------------------------------ruso, Consultant at viaPeople.
Step 2: Configure a Customized, Multi-Lingual Solution
To ensure that the system -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
17. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------development areas were some of
the features chosen.
viaPeople translated the 360 degree -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------version of Spanish,”
says Lisa Frischer, Project Manager at viaPeople. “The Translation Manager tool ensure that the translation process is
handled efficiently, cost-effectively and in real-time,” adds Frischer.
Starwood had almost 2,700 leaders ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------site was easy to
navigate.” adds Fernandez.
Step 3: Provide Individual and Aggregate Reporting
Providing individuals as well as division -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------information they
needed to leverage strengths and mitigate any talent risks due to skill gaps across the company.
RESULTS
The Human Resources team at -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------decisions. The 360 degree
feedback data allowed the team to address a variety of individual and organizational aspects including:
Individual Benefits:
A simple, easy---------------------------------------------------------------- tool
A “self-paced” 360 --------------------------------------------------------------------------- the leader through the process of
uncovering strengths and development areas
Specific interpretive -------------------------------------------------------------------------- leaders analyze their data.
A downloadable --------------------------------------------------------------------------- to focus on, how to lead and focus
the discussion, and how to deal with emotions/defensiveness
Organizational Benefits:
Competency/skill ------------------------------------------------------------------------and employee level
By better --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- effectively leverage the
leadership strengths and refocus efforts where developmental opportunities may exist.
In addition, having specific data ---------------------------------------------------- thereby saving precious resources.
18. Each divisional leader received an analysis ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-------------------- on the data and have a better understanding of the team strengths/development areas.
The HR leadership team, -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------the Starwood implementation is
a great example of how companies can provide the broader organization with measurable benefits as well.
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