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Norman Bergrun, RIMGMAKERS OF SATURN, SATURN.
Norman Bergrun is a scientist/engineer who worked in an above top secret capacity (his level of clearance, way above the President) for Lockheed. Prior to that he was at NACA a precursor to NASA.
Upon leaving Lockheed, he wrote “Ringmakers of Saturn” about the enormous craft spotted in the rings of Saturn and became something of an outcast in the scientific community. This interview covers his views on time travel, the nature of the vehicles that he says are creating the rings and much more… His conclusion is that the Ringmakers of Saturn are now creating rings around other planets and they are on their way here….
Groundbreaking and a real wake-up call for the mainstream scientific community not to mention the World.
Plan pour la paix: Pour un renouveau des relations internationalesFlorian Brunner
Dans son Appel du 18 Juin 1940, le Général De Gaulle avait lancé cette affirmation restée légendaire : « Quoi qu'il arrive, la flamme de la résistance française ne doit pas s'éteindre et ne s'éteindra pas. ». Nous devons aujourd’hui continuer à porter cette flamme, à défendre la paix et la liberté, dans un monde ébranlé et mouvant. Après 1945, nous avons créé en Europe, les conditions d’une stabilité durable. Le Prix Nobel de la Paix 2012 avait récompensé l’Union européenne, qui avait su favoriser la construction d’un espace uni et apaisé. Mais si nous avons su associer les peuples européens, nous manquons désormais de résolution pour enrayer le cycle terrible des guerres. Nous devons être portés, par une nouvelle ambition pour la paix. Notre vocation n’est pas de nous aligner, mais d’agir en toute indépendance, au service d’une vision partagée. Alors que le monde semble se perdre, dans une logique de conflits incessants, dont les ficelles sont tirées par des acteurs influents et empressés. Alors que de grands empires activent tous leurs leviers d’influence et d’action, dans une course machinale à la puissance. Alors que l’aventurisme généralisé, paralyse l’expression des intelligences et la recherche d’un véritable sens. Il est temps que la France assume son rôle et son message. Il est temps que l’Union européenne se dote des moyens nécessaires à la conduite d’une véritable action universelle. Il faut une Europe politique, qui s’affirme sur la scène internationale. Il n’y a que l’Europe pour devenir le point d’équilibre d’un nouvel ordre mondial. La France a un rôle déterminant à jouer, dans la construction d’une nouvelle architecture européenne. Elle a aussi une place qui compte dans les relations internationales. C’est à la France et à l’Europe de se remettre en mouvement, pour faire bouger les lignes. Reprendre l’initiative, ouvrir le dialogue, être une force motrice pour l’instauration de la paix. Voilà ce doivent être nos résolutions. Nous ne pouvons plus rester figés dans des schémas dépassés, nous devons recouvrer notre capacité à inventer et à innover. Retrouvons le sens de l’Histoire et portons une véritable vision, au service de la paix et de la réconciliation.
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Norman Bergrun, RIMGMAKERS OF SATURN, SATURN.
Norman Bergrun is a scientist/engineer who worked in an above top secret capacity (his level of clearance, way above the President) for Lockheed. Prior to that he was at NACA a precursor to NASA.
Upon leaving Lockheed, he wrote “Ringmakers of Saturn” about the enormous craft spotted in the rings of Saturn and became something of an outcast in the scientific community. This interview covers his views on time travel, the nature of the vehicles that he says are creating the rings and much more… His conclusion is that the Ringmakers of Saturn are now creating rings around other planets and they are on their way here….
Groundbreaking and a real wake-up call for the mainstream scientific community not to mention the World.
Plan pour la paix: Pour un renouveau des relations internationalesFlorian Brunner
Dans son Appel du 18 Juin 1940, le Général De Gaulle avait lancé cette affirmation restée légendaire : « Quoi qu'il arrive, la flamme de la résistance française ne doit pas s'éteindre et ne s'éteindra pas. ». Nous devons aujourd’hui continuer à porter cette flamme, à défendre la paix et la liberté, dans un monde ébranlé et mouvant. Après 1945, nous avons créé en Europe, les conditions d’une stabilité durable. Le Prix Nobel de la Paix 2012 avait récompensé l’Union européenne, qui avait su favoriser la construction d’un espace uni et apaisé. Mais si nous avons su associer les peuples européens, nous manquons désormais de résolution pour enrayer le cycle terrible des guerres. Nous devons être portés, par une nouvelle ambition pour la paix. Notre vocation n’est pas de nous aligner, mais d’agir en toute indépendance, au service d’une vision partagée. Alors que le monde semble se perdre, dans une logique de conflits incessants, dont les ficelles sont tirées par des acteurs influents et empressés. Alors que de grands empires activent tous leurs leviers d’influence et d’action, dans une course machinale à la puissance. Alors que l’aventurisme généralisé, paralyse l’expression des intelligences et la recherche d’un véritable sens. Il est temps que la France assume son rôle et son message. Il est temps que l’Union européenne se dote des moyens nécessaires à la conduite d’une véritable action universelle. Il faut une Europe politique, qui s’affirme sur la scène internationale. Il n’y a que l’Europe pour devenir le point d’équilibre d’un nouvel ordre mondial. La France a un rôle déterminant à jouer, dans la construction d’une nouvelle architecture européenne. Elle a aussi une place qui compte dans les relations internationales. C’est à la France et à l’Europe de se remettre en mouvement, pour faire bouger les lignes. Reprendre l’initiative, ouvrir le dialogue, être une force motrice pour l’instauration de la paix. Voilà ce doivent être nos résolutions. Nous ne pouvons plus rester figés dans des schémas dépassés, nous devons recouvrer notre capacité à inventer et à innover. Retrouvons le sens de l’Histoire et portons une véritable vision, au service de la paix et de la réconciliation.
La informacion mas completa de Mexico, Oaxaca y la Costa chica. Denuncian corrupción en venta de predios en Chacahua; área protegida en peligro. Con gas lacrimógeno, impide policía ingresar a Sección 22 al zócalo de Oaxaca.
El comercio de bienes actual del Perú con la India es menor pero esta creciendo
La inversión de la India en el Perú también muestra signos de aumentar
En junio próximo deben iniciarse en Lima las negociaciones para alcanzar un acuerdo comercial con la India, que abarcaría temas como “aranceles, medidas sanitarias y fitosanitarias, obstáculos técnicos al comercio, inversiones, comercio de servicios, movimiento de personas, cooperación, entre otros“
Discover what services we offer here at MagenTys, from BDD and DevOps to Agility Assessments. If you would like to find out more, visit www.magentys.io
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Sample Management Assignment On Fast Life Events Tutors India
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Biological screening of herbal drugs: Introduction and Need for
Phyto-Pharmacological Screening, New Strategies for evaluating
Natural Products, In vitro evaluation techniques for Antioxidants, Antimicrobial and Anticancer drugs. In vivo evaluation techniques
for Anti-inflammatory, Antiulcer, Anticancer, Wound healing, Antidiabetic, Hepatoprotective, Cardio protective, Diuretics and
Antifertility, Toxicity studies as per OECD guidelines
Introduction to AI for Nonprofits with Tapp NetworkTechSoup
Dive into the world of AI! Experts Jon Hill and Tareq Monaur will guide you through AI's role in enhancing nonprofit websites and basic marketing strategies, making it easy to understand and apply.
How to Make a Field invisible in Odoo 17Celine George
It is possible to hide or invisible some fields in odoo. Commonly using “invisible” attribute in the field definition to invisible the fields. This slide will show how to make a field invisible in odoo 17.
Welcome to TechSoup New Member Orientation and Q&A (May 2024).pdfTechSoup
In this webinar you will learn how your organization can access TechSoup's wide variety of product discount and donation programs. From hardware to software, we'll give you a tour of the tools available to help your nonprofit with productivity, collaboration, financial management, donor tracking, security, and more.
Embracing GenAI - A Strategic ImperativePeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
Synthetic Fiber Construction in lab .pptxPavel ( NSTU)
Synthetic fiber production is a fascinating and complex field that blends chemistry, engineering, and environmental science. By understanding these aspects, students can gain a comprehensive view of synthetic fiber production, its impact on society and the environment, and the potential for future innovations. Synthetic fibers play a crucial role in modern society, impacting various aspects of daily life, industry, and the environment. ynthetic fibers are integral to modern life, offering a range of benefits from cost-effectiveness and versatility to innovative applications and performance characteristics. While they pose environmental challenges, ongoing research and development aim to create more sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives. Understanding the importance of synthetic fibers helps in appreciating their role in the economy, industry, and daily life, while also emphasizing the need for sustainable practices and innovation.
June 3, 2024 Anti-Semitism Letter Sent to MIT President Kornbluth and MIT Cor...Levi Shapiro
Letter from the Congress of the United States regarding Anti-Semitism sent June 3rd to MIT President Sally Kornbluth, MIT Corp Chair, Mark Gorenberg
Dear Dr. Kornbluth and Mr. Gorenberg,
The US House of Representatives is deeply concerned by ongoing and pervasive acts of antisemitic
harassment and intimidation at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). Failing to act decisively to ensure a safe learning environment for all students would be a grave dereliction of your responsibilities as President of MIT and Chair of the MIT Corporation.
This Congress will not stand idly by and allow an environment hostile to Jewish students to persist. The House believes that your institution is in violation of Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, and the inability or
unwillingness to rectify this violation through action requires accountability.
Postsecondary education is a unique opportunity for students to learn and have their ideas and beliefs challenged. However, universities receiving hundreds of millions of federal funds annually have denied
students that opportunity and have been hijacked to become venues for the promotion of terrorism, antisemitic harassment and intimidation, unlawful encampments, and in some cases, assaults and riots.
The House of Representatives will not countenance the use of federal funds to indoctrinate students into hateful, antisemitic, anti-American supporters of terrorism. Investigations into campus antisemitism by the Committee on Education and the Workforce and the Committee on Ways and Means have been expanded into a Congress-wide probe across all relevant jurisdictions to address this national crisis. The undersigned Committees will conduct oversight into the use of federal funds at MIT and its learning environment under authorities granted to each Committee.
• The Committee on Education and the Workforce has been investigating your institution since December 7, 2023. The Committee has broad jurisdiction over postsecondary education, including its compliance with Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, campus safety concerns over disruptions to the learning environment, and the awarding of federal student aid under the Higher Education Act.
• The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is investigating the sources of funding and other support flowing to groups espousing pro-Hamas propaganda and engaged in antisemitic harassment and intimidation of students. The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is the principal oversight committee of the US House of Representatives and has broad authority to investigate “any matter” at “any time” under House Rule X.
• The Committee on Ways and Means has been investigating several universities since November 15, 2023, when the Committee held a hearing entitled From Ivory Towers to Dark Corners: Investigating the Nexus Between Antisemitism, Tax-Exempt Universities, and Terror Financing. The Committee followed the hearing with letters to those institutions on January 10, 202
A Strategic Approach: GenAI in EducationPeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
1. SAMPLE ASSIGNMENT FIRST SEMESTER
2017
Course Code MS - 22
Course Title Human Resource Development
Assignment Code MS-22/TMA/SEM - I/2017
Assignment Coverage All Blocks
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School of Management Studies
INDIRA GANDHI NATIONAL OPEN UNIVERSITY
MAIDAN GARHI, NEW DELHI – 110 068
2. 1. What are various methods which could be employed to improve business ethics in an organisational
set up? How could personal ambition be balanced with shared ambition? Explain with suitable
examples. Briefly describe the organisation and the system you are referring to.
Business ethics refers to the set of -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------, an unethical employee promotes corruption and could
also be a liability to the organization. ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------ethical behavior and compliance policies.
To fully embed an ethical culture, -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------------------------------ability to gain the most from an ethical performance culture.
Human beings, even those who tend to be very -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------ethics improves organizational performance because you
attract high quality loyal employees and satisfied customers.
------------------- to Do It
1. Use --------------------- for job candidates. Behavioral information can be obtained from resumes, reference checks,
background checks, and -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
---------------------------------------------------------------, organizational citizenship behavior, social dominance, and
bullying. Job candidates also -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
---------------------------------------------------------------------the behavioral information or attitudinal surveys.
2. During orientation, expose new employees to the organization's Code of Ethics, Code of Conduct, and ethical
decision making process. An organization's codes serve ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------the ethics of any work situation
that arises.
3. In the spirit of continuous ---------------------------------------------------- workshops for all employees. Document
and praise ethical strengths and accomplishments, unveil weaknesses, and develop strategies for addressing those
weaknesses. Diversity success stories ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------to help all employees feel part of a cohesive team
experience. Ethics and diversity training help to further develop, and reinforce, a culture of trust.
4. Establish an ethics reporting system, ---------------------------------------------------------- confidentially raise
ethical issues and receive ethical guidance. A -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------and the whistleblower.
5. The most ------------------------------------------------------------- supervisor or manager. How a manager acts in
response to an ethical issue has --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------------Code of Ethics and Code of Conduct.
6. The work ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
--------------------------- punish unethical behaviors. Otherwise, hypocrisy and moral confusion develops. Work
goals should be specific, -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
---------------------------------------------------------------employee accomplishments and benchmark the distance an
employee still needs to travel to become an ideal employee.
7. An ethical -------------------------------------------------------------------- with dignity and has a sense of
organizational ownership and accountability. Team--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------share the financial gains associated
with improved performance, ----------------------------------------------------------------------- among employees.
8. Ethical organizations place a ------------------------------------------------------------------------ and creating
environmentally healthy workplaces for their employees. Managers can achieve superior environmental
performance by creating an Environmental -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- objectives to develop action plans, redesigning
3. the product to achieve zero waste, ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
----------------------------------------------------------------------------the results of these efforts.
9. An ethical organization ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
----------------------------------------------------------------employees and other residents. Companies can give nonprofit
and community organizations ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
----------------------------------------------------------------------integrate all four areas. Employees should be involved in the
company's outreach decision-making process.
10. All of these ethics ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
--------------------------------------------------------organization's management of ethics.
How personal ----------------------------------------- with shared ambition-
Formulating the personal perspective uses ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------shared ambition on the other. The purpose of beginning
with selfknowledge is to develop inner -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------. When these qualities are cultured in individual’s a
foundation is built for a continuously ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------ambition as well as to gain more insight into yourself, in
terms of both the strong and weak points of your personal behaviour. They
Balancing ------------------------------------------ Ambition
Here the alignment of the personal ambition with the shared organizational ambition is central for the purpose of stimulating
the enjoyment, active participation, and ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------about balancing these two scorecard elements. This
process of balancing deals with obtaining a high level of ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------on something they do not believe in or
agree with. Clarity -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------------with the organization is the most important motive for employees to dedicate
themselves actively to the organizational objectives ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------a permanent nature. The questions that are
central here are: Does your --------------------------------------------------? As summary (Exhibit 1).
Miller, Catt, and -------------------------------------------------------------- your manager asked you to do something unethical);
1) Make sure there is a conflict. ------------------------------------------------------------------------ if the activity is permitted.
2) Decide how ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
--------------------------------------------------is to each group.
3) Make you move. If the -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
---------------------------------------------------------------. Let him or her save face.
4) If there is trouble, get help-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------------------------not to go directly above your manager.
5) Consider a job change. If --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------organizational ambition. If they conflict with yours, then leaving may
be the best answer.
4. Balancing personal ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
--------------------------------------------------------learning.
Example 1-
Balancing ------------------------------------------------------------------ based on the following principles:
1. Satisfy the spirit of the law and not -------------------------------------------------- should go beyond the law.
2. Be --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- in doubt, disclose.
3. Make a clear ------------------------------------------------------------------------- corporate resources.
4. Communicate ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- company internally.
5. Comply with ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- we operate.
6. Have a simple and ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- the business needs.
7. Management is ------------------------------------------------------- not the owner.
Example 2-
Ethics and shared ambitions in Tata Power:-
As a Tata Company, Corporate Governance is a --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------, social obligations, environment and regulatory
compliances. As a responsible corporate citizen, Tata Power has established systems to encourage and recognize employee
participation in environment and social ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
5. --------------------------------------------------------------------------------and health of its employees and of the neighbouring
communities.
The fountainhead of the corporate governance ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------the Tata Brand name by virtue of this commitment.
It draws its strength from the five Tata values:
-----------------------
Understanding
---------------------
Unity
------------------------
In Tata parlance they stand for –
--------------- We must conduct -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
---------------------------------------------------------------must stand the test of public scrutiny.
Understanding- We must -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
---------------------------------------------------------the benefit of India.
Excellence- We must ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
----------------------------------------------------we provide.
Unity- We must work ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-----------------------------------------------------understanding and mutual cooperation.
----------------------------- We must continue to be responsible, sensitive to the countries, communities and environments in
which we work, always ensuring ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
--------------------------------------------------------------– the way others see the Tata Group.
Management Practices- For ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
--------------------------------------------------------------, viz., Constitution of an Audit Committee, Remuneration Committee, etc.
2. What is a profession? Briefly explain the characteristics of a profession, and differentiate profession
with occupation? Explain with suitable examples.
The term 'Profession' stands for an ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
----------------------------------------------------------------------------or remuneration. A profession is a calling and implies
acquisition of a fond of knowledge, range ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------educators i.e. teacher of a teacher.
A professional is a member of a profession. Professionals are governed by codes of ethics, and profess commitment to
competence, integrity and morality, altruism, and the promotion of the public good within their expert domain. Professionals
are accountable to those served and to society.
Professionalism comprises the personally ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------as a way of practice.
This service might be rendered for limited ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------or post-graduation, but, it is rendered to those who have
aptitude for the profession. Any professional ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------independently or within an institution or both.
6. The following are -------------------------------------- of a profession:
I. Professions are occupat-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
--------------------------------------------------------------- individual and the society.
2. Each profession is ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
----------------------------------------------------------rights and freedom, enhancing the opportunity to learn).
3. The profession --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------) needed in the practice of the profession; such knowledge, behavior, and skills
normally are not possessed by the nonprofessional.
4. Members of the -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------------, against a background of principles and theories, and within the context of
possible impact on other related conditions or decisions.
5. The profession is --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- knowledge and skills.
6. The profession is organized -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
---------------------------------------------------------------------work of the profession and the conditions that surround it
(admissions, educational -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------, professional discipline).
7. The ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- for continuance within it.
8. Preparation for---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
----------------------------------------------------- on a college or university campus.
9. There is a high --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------provide service markedly beyond that which would otherwise be available.
10. Individual practitioners ------------------------------------------------------------------------- commitment to competence.
11. Authority to practice ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
--------------------------------------------------------------within the particular case is to the profession itself.
12. There is relative -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------name of his or her profession and is accountable
through his or her profession to the society.
Barber (1963------------------------------------------------------- of a Profession:
1) A high degree of ------------------------------------------------------------------- knowledge.
2) Primary -------------------------------------------------------------------- individual self interest.
3) A high degree of self control -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
---------------------------------------------------------------------by work specialists themselves.
4) A system of rewards (--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------self interest.
Difference ------------------------------------------- occupation-
Occupation refers to the kind of -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------------------------------activity, that activity is known as their occupation.
7. Example: Drivers-----------------------------------------------, clerks, accountants, etc.
An occupation does not ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
--------------------------------------------------------------into the following categories:
Business: When a person ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
--------------------------------------------------------------------------said to be doing business.
Employment: The ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
--------------------------------------------------------and regular income is employment.
Profession: The ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-----------------------------------------------------his knowledge and skills is a profession.
A profession is an occupation, for -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------------------objective of the profession is to render services to those who need them.
The profession is ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-----------------------------------------------------, a professional is said to be an expert in his field. Ethical codes are developed by
the professional body which must be followed by the professionals, to ensure uniformity in their work.
Example: ------------------------------------------------------------------- Accountant etc.
Key Differences between Occupation and Profession
The major --------------------------------------------------------------- discussed as under:
1. An activity performed by ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
--------------------------------------------------------------------------education or skills is required.
2. Unlike ------------------------------------------------------------------- of conduct.
3. Occupation does -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
---------------------------------------------------------------training is a must.
4. In general, the -------------------------------------------------------------------- while an occupation is not.
5. A person doing ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
--------------------------------------------------------------to his knowledge and expertise.
6. The profession is also --------------------------------------------------------------------- his skills and expertise.
7. A professional is ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
----------------------------------------------------------------has to follow the commands of his supervisors.
8. There are some ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
--------------------------------------------------------------is not backed with such responsibilities.
9. The basic pay -------------------------------------------------------------- in occupation.
10. The ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- to the occupation.
Conclusion
After the above discussion, it can -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------------------------------high recognition from the society, Professionals are mainly
known by their jobs, and that is why they receive a high level of respect and recognition from the society.
8. 3. Briefly define and discuss the dynamics of diversity, power, and mentorship in an organisational set
up. Explain with suitable organisational examples. Briefly explain the organisation and the situation
you are referring to.
Dynamics of diversity---------------------------------------------------------- set up-
Diversity
We often hear the term “diversity” bandied about in ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------in a setting wherein there is no
discrimination based on these traits.
In an organizational context, ------------------------------------------------------- without any bias because of these traits.
Indeed, it has become ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-----------------------------------------------------------can be actualized. However, this does not mean that organizational diversity
has succeeded or it has become the norm in organizations. Rather, there are many barriers to diversity even after strenuous
efforts by ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------- diverse backgrounds working alongside.
In the United States, the ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
----------------------------------------------------------------follow the letter of the law but also the spirit of the law. This is
reflected in the equal opportunity employer law, which states that organizations cannot discriminate against potential job
applicants on race, gender, ethnicity, ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------needs to be a mindset change apart from brining in laws that
would make acceptance of diversity that much easier.
Examples of Diversity in an Organization
As the population --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------an organization extends beyond hiring employees of various ethnic
backgrounds. It involves embracing and -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------businesses.
Fair Representation in Advertising- When a --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------diversity in your customers, people from various ethnic
backgrounds or even a same-sex couple in -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------by representing those people in your advertisements.
Recruiting at Minority Events- Minority ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------to secure positions with companies. If you're looking to
recruit employees, rent a booth at these events, or host your own networking mixers. Ensure that the language and images on
your signage are designed to attract -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------------------------------posted on their job boards, blogs and social networking sites.
Develop a Job Rotation Schedule- Diversity --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------allow employees to learn what co-workers do and how
that contributes to the success of the ------------------------------------------------------------------------ and see firsthand how
diverse the workplace is.
Celebrate Cultural Holidays- Rather than -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------and values. Sponsor an international potluck lunch, and ask
that each guest bring a meal from his ethnic ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------dress that represents
their heritage, or a heritage they admire.
Teach Employees Another Language- The ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------phrases in Spanish to help them interact more efficiently
with customers. If your firm is in an area with a large ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------workers. Learning any language is enrichment
9. for your employees, and doing so teaches them about the importance of diversity within your organization and throughout
the world.
Power-
Power refers to the -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
---------------------------------------------------------1959, American sociologists John French and Bertram Raven published an
article, "The Bases of ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
----------------------------------------------------------, expert and reward power.
Legitimate Power- Legitimate ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
--------------------------------------------------------------------------, for example, require junior workers to report to managers and
give managers the power to --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------. An example of legitimate power is that held by a company's CEO.
Referent Power- Referent power is derived ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------like them. Referent power arises from charisma, as the
charismatic person influences others via the admiration, respect and trust others have for her. Referent power is also derived
from personal connections that a person --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------------------generates her power over others.
Coercive Power- Coercive power is ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
----------------------------------------------------------------------------to avoid disciplinary action from his boss. Coercive power is,
therefore, a person's ability to punish, fire ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------policies and norms.
Reward Power- Reward ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
--------------------------------------------------------------positive appraisals and promotions. In an organization, people who wield
reward power tend to influence the actions of other ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------employees and diminish their output.
Expert power- Knowledge is power. ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------solving skills. People who have expert power perform critical
tasks and are therefore deemed -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------------------------of expert power is normally a stepping stone to other sources of power
such as legitimate power. For example, a person who ---------------------------------------------- giving him legitimate power.
Example of Power-
For example, let's say you're a ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
----------------------------------------------------------------------to be worth millions of dollars. Your word processing program
crashes, and you think you may have lost the legal complaint. The court clerk's office closes in less than one hour, not nearly
enough time to redraft. You approach --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------------------. For that brief moment, who had the power? Who follows
whose order?
There's a catch-22 when power is -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------------------------------will diminish if she shares her knowledge. Why? As others learn
the knowledge and skills from the leader -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------choices: share the knowledge or withhold the knowledge.
If the knowledge ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-----------------------------------------------------as it could be overtime.
Mentorship-
Successful companies large and small use mentoring to -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------. In fact, corporate mentoring is on the
rise with 71 percent of Fortune 500 companies 8
offering professional mentoring programs to their employees. What ways
10. are these successful ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
--------------------------------------------------------, diversity mentoring, reverse mentoring, and knowledge transfer.
1. Employee Career Development
To retain skilled ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
----------------------------------------------------development is a top driver of engagement, and is more important than
leadership, culture, and compensation.
By encouraging a learning culture -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------------------------------nature of mentoring develops individuals and interpersonal links
between individuals, which increases engagement. Corporate mentoring enables both career development and leadership
development to help employees ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-----------------------------------------------------------------------, more effective organization.
2. Leadership Development
High potentials are an ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-----------------------------------------------------------be able to appoint suitable leaders at the top when needed—which is crucial
to the health and future of every organization.
However, because high potentials are so -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------what they need to excel in prospective new roles.
Professional mentoring programs are an effective ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------potentials with leaders, top performers, and each
other across the company, high potentials learn ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------resources, to keep costs to a minimum.
3. Diversity Mentoring
A diverse workforce is --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------ideas, knowledge, and experiences on a level playing field.
Through diversity initiatives, -------------------------------------------culture and learn of their own importance to their company.
Mentoring creates an environment of trust, --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------and find solutions. As a result, it inspires employees to
perform to their highest ability.
Mentoring not only helps organizations ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------corporations differentiate themselves from their
competitors and gain new clients while providing long-term support for their employees.
4. Reverse Mentoring
Popular among companies that ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
----------------------------------------------------------------------newcomer.
It differs from traditional mentoring ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
----------------------------------------------------------------------------technologies and workplace trends.
Reverse mentoring is generally ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
----------------------------------------------------------------------management issues.
5. Knowledge Transfer
Helping employees acquire ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-----------------------------------------------------------------. It supports short- and longer-term situational as well as topical
learning between individuals -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------------------------knowledge and skills in an environment that promotes rapid learning.
Because 80 percent of learning is -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------------------------------productivity, and helps employees align to business strategy. In
11. addition, knowledge transfer fuels succession planning, ensuring that once executives retire, someone with plenty of
company knowledge will be ready to step into place.
Example-
Mentoring example from Hewlett-Packard: "Jenny, a ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------. Jenny is pointed to places on the Internet
where frogs are discussed and is now in communication with a leading scientist in Europe who is conducting acid rain
research using....yes, frogs. ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-----------------------------------------------------------------scientist while conducting frog research. Jenny's math scores begin to
improve and she is enjoying school again."
Some other examples are as follows-
Morgan Stanley -
Morgan Stanley put a ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-----------------------------------------------------------women to engage and grow within the company. Barbara Adolph, the
executive in charge of the program, began by seeking input from a range of different departments to get a clear picture of
what made for a good Morgan Stanley -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------diversity. With 63% of women having never had a mentor,
a program like this one can be a major selling point for recruiters.
General Electric
General Electric’s --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------and like many mentorship programs is designed to train and encourage a new
generation of leaders. A rotational structure means that -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------to take on leadership roles in their chosen
business sector.
Intel
The mentorship program at ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-----------------------------------------------------------------specific goal of transferring skills between employees, regardless of
their job title or experience level. Instead of matching high-level executives with newer hired, people are matched based on
their strengths, to transfer knowledge efficiently. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------directly with someone who knows what they
need to know.
DHL Express
Shipping giant DHL Express -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------------------------. The program carefully chose both mentors that were eager to
develop new talent and mentees that had a clear picture of --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------are completely invested in the outcome.
Corporate mentorship programs can ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
----------------------------------------------------------------------------create a culture and business environment that is overall more
attractive and better regarded.
4. Explain various facets of knowledge management and its approaches. How could professional
knowledge and expertise be leveraged in an organisational set up? Explain with suitable examples.
Briefly describe the organisation you are referring to.
Various ------------------------------------------- management-
“Knowledge management ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- implement it in organizations.”
In organizational context, the ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
--------------------------------------------------------------------about their potential business competitors in present and future, their
clients and scientific and technological progresses which could be replaced by their goods and services.
12. Knowledge management is a is a --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------------a company’s intellectual capital and to foster a culture of
continuous learning and knowledge -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
---------------------------------------------------------------------------relationships, processes, innovations, and discoveries. A
complete knowledge management system ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------and to share knowledge throughout the organization.
Knowledge in --------------------------------------------- distinct categories -
1. EXPLICIT KNOWLEDGE
2. TACIT KNOWLEDGE
Explicit knowledge is that ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
----------------------------------------------------------------and can be easily communicated and shared.
Tacit knowledge is that -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------------------or apprehend.
KM ENHANCES ---------------------------------------------------:-
Knowledge management is at the -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------------------------------, individual’s insight and understanding. It is not just what is
present in the written or documented form within the organization but also in the practices, routines, and processes as well as
in the workforce of the organization. The ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------knowledge management. It has been identified as one of
the most important activities in any -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
---------------------------------------------------------------------------will help an organization survive.
Knowledge management is a process ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------pursuit of organizational goals, these activities mainly
involve acquiring, creating, ------------------------------------------------------------- and deploying knowledge.
For e.g. – An Organization needs to be ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------control and communication.
---------------------------------------- management-
Knowledge management is ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-----------------------------------------------------------------. There are three driving forces behind the surge of interest in
knowledge management. First, a large part of the momentum comes from the rapid advances in information technology that
make it possible to share explicit knowledge more -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------natural resources to intellectual capital, top
executives have found it imperative to appraise their organizations’ knowledge resources and how to leverage them. Finally,
the growing interest in knowledge ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
--------------------------------------------------------------------------knowledge and for capturing both explicit and tacit knowledge
and getting it to the right place at the right time.
Here in this assignment, four -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------------------------have been discussed.
1- The Mechanistic Approach -The ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------of this approach include: Better accessibility to information
is a key, including enhanced methods of access and reuse of documents.
2- The Systematic Approach- The -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
---------------------------------------------------------------------------create value. A Knowledge management system involves the
representation, acquisition, creation, usage and ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------management.
Some key ------------------------------------------------------------ are as follows:
13. The most important thing is to -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
---------------------------------------------------------------------possible. However, many aspects of organizational knowledge
could be modelled as an explicit and observable resource. --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------work and to solve knowledge problems
by applying the traditional methods of analysis. Therefore cultural issues are important but their analysis should be done
systematically. This probability exists that ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- resolve knowledge problems.
3- Core Competency- Approach One way --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------are two distinct concepts, though complementary but
each of them is a component of organizational identity. Core competencies approach is a mechanism to convert core
knowledge capabilities to goods and services. -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------customers. These capabilities include high-speed
delivery of new products to markets, product -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------as a key for organization success.
4- Cultural/ Behavioral Approach- This ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------approach, although technology is necessary for the
management of explicit knowledge resources, it is not the only solution for -----------------------------------------------------------
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------manipulating explicit resources or
knowledge creation.
The dissemination and sharing of -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------------------------------enable us to access the diverse resources of intelligence. The
key assumptions of this approach are as follows: In information-intensive environments where organizations are losing their
efficiency and effectiveness according to the business -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------while traditional technologies and solutions
have reached their boundaries of effectiveness.
Leveraging ---------------------------------------- and Expertise-
What’s the ultimate purpose of all these mechanisms? --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------we are talking about electronic libraries or communities
of practice, is to leverage professional knowledge and expertise. Rather than having separate pockets of expertise scattered
about the organization, knowledge management systems -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------knowledge. Consulting firms often set up databases
of best practices that include detailed descriptions of projects so that consultants around the world can draw on one another’s
expertise. Other organizations create electronic libraries -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------knowledge management has enabled the company tor
reduce costs by as much as $1 billion.
Mechanisms such as databases, knowledge ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
----------------------------------------------------------------------------However, in order to leverage tacit knowledge professional
insights and understanding that cannot be stored in a database organization use mechanisms such as dialogue, storytelling,
and communities of practice. When people talk openly -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------goal of leveraging professional knowledge.
For example, one large consumer ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
----------------------------------------------------------------, the task was completed. However, the resulting database was of little use-it
simply did not capture the nuances, details, and insights that people needed to improve their work. Although computer
technology can be highly useful for --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------organizational culture and management practices to encourage and support
knowledge sharing ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
--------------------------------------------approaches to:
1) Identify which Intellectual Capital (-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
---------------------------------------------------------------------paradigms and work products;
2) Provide and transform the required knowledge- and ascertain that it is continually renewed; and
14. 3) Ascertain that- all available ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- wherever appropriate.
4) Govern knowledge management-related processes ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------, infrastructure, and leadership.
Incremental knowledge management (-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
---------------------------------------------------------------------activity – an incremental improvement on ‘business-as-usual’ and does
not focus on ascertaining that the knowledge assets are applied.
Enterprises that pursue broad and -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
---------------------------------------------------------------are vigilant in their focus on making knowledge work effectively as the chief
enabler of enterprise success. These sub practices include efforts to:
---------------------- – Supportive Culture: -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
---------------------------------------------------------------------------focus on delivering quality work without delay – i.e., “getting the
right thing done as soon and with as little fuss as possible!”
Provide S-------------Understanding: Develop a ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------own interest.
Focus the ---------------------------------------- with Enterprise Direction: Practitioners of comprehensive KM identify ---------
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
----------are well maintained.
Practice Accelerated Learning: Pursue a -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
---------------------------------------------------------------------------. The impetus is on making important knowledge flow rapidly, in
proper quantities, in well-represented and effective ways, and to all valuable destinations.
Create Supportive Infrastructure Capabilities: --------------------------------- needed and effective supports for KM.
Provide Effective --------------------------- Management Practice: Monitor, ----------------------------------------------------------------
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------their activities and priorities
include the ‘Institutional Knowledge Evolution Cycle’ indicated in Figure 1 and the ‘Personal Knowledge Evolution Cycle’
indicated in Figure 2.
The Institutional ---------------------------------------------- stages in the pathway:
1) Knowledge Development: Knowledge is ---------------------------------------------------- importation from outside;
15. 2) Knowledge Acquisition – ------------------------------------------------------ use and further treatment;
3) Knowledge ----------------------: Knowledge is ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- to be useful;
4) ---------------------- and Development: Knowledge is distributed to points of- Action (PoAs) through education, training
programs, automated knowledge based ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
----------------------------------------------------------------------is applied or otherwise leveraged. By using (applying) knowledge, it
becomes the basis for further learning and innovation as explained by other mechanisms.
The personal Knowledge Evolution --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------to be better understood and useful.
The five stages are:
1) Tacit s------------------ knowledge: This -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
--------------------------------------------------------------------------- new concept.
2) Idealistic --------------------- Knowledge: Part of ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------well known, it is tacit, and only accessible non-consciously
3) Systematic Schema ---------------------------- Knowledge: Our knowledge --------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ well known to us.
4) Pragmatic Decision: Making ---------------------------------------------------------------, and is used consciously.
5) ---------------------------------------- Knowledge: --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------conscious reasoning.
Knowledge may grow from ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
--------------------------------------------------------. From well established knowledge we then start to glimpse new ideas and
concepts through creativity and innovation.
Example- (Tata Steel)
Like all major steel makers--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------this burden continued to be an expensive proposition for the company until Tata
Steels -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
---------------------------implemented right away.
Tata Steel claims that --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------Rs 10 lakh during 2003-04.
As the company strives to ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-----------------------------------------------------into this fold. Says Ravi Arora, head of Knowledge Management at Tata Steel, So
far, we have been able to connect about 8,000 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------interacting in the English language.
Knowledge Management was initiated at -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------------------------------of innovation, growth and value today. Knowledge Management was
brought under the more ambitious ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
----------------------------------------------------------------is increasingly gaining critical mass.
While the Tatas are also on the --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------Tata Group companies with Tata Steel.
According to Arora, Tata Steel --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------04, up from Rs 14.80 crore during 2002-03.
16. New Task
While knowledge sharing has ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
----------------------------------------------------------step, Tata Steel will connect its subsidiaries.
Tata Steel is planning to -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
---------------------------------------------------rolls. The Knowledge Management framework at Tata Steel rests on a Knowledge
Repository which was created as per guidelines laid down by consulting firm McKinsey. The repository was built up initially
with voluntary contributions from officers -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
---------------------------------------------------------------------------, customer and supplier knowledge etc.
Sharing --------------------------------
The Knowledge Repository was -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------------------learn from one another. There are 29 such communities that are in existence
today. They exchange e-mails giving valuable information that can be adopted by others, says Mr Arora.
He also adds that writing mails --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------it a mandatory practice.
For example, the Tata Steel -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
---------------------------------------------------------community may recommend the use of this grease to their counterpart in Tata
Tinplate, explains Arora.
Another significant development of --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------problem may seek advice from experts who are available online.
Currently, there are about 250 such experts at Tata Steel who provide expert assistance to the employees.
However, Tata Steels claims of --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------years in other organizations, says a spokesperson of Steel Authority of India
Ltd (SAIL), the country’s largest steel maker.
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