The document discusses the National Multidimensional Poverty Index report released by NITI Aayog. The report measures poverty across multiple dimensions like health, education, and standard of living. Some key findings are that between 2015-16 and 2019-21, around 135 million people in India escaped multidimensional poverty. The poverty rate declined from 24.85% to 14.96% during this period. Rural areas saw the fastest reduction in poverty. States like Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, Madhya Pradesh and Rajasthan witnessed significant declines in multidimensional poverty levels.

1. Dr. Pragati Krishnan
Assistant Professor (Guest)
School of Studies in Economics
Pt. Ravishankar Shukla University
Raipur, Chhattisgarh
Multidimensional Poverty Index (MPI)
Dr. Pragati Krishnan 1

2. Multidimensional Poverty Index (MPI)
cgqvk;keh xjhch lwpdkad ¼,eihvkbZ½
The global MPI was developed by OPHI with the UN Development Programme
(UNDP) for inclusion in UNDP’s flagship Human Development Report in 2010. It has
been published annually by OPHI and in the HDRs ever since.
oSf'od ,eihvkbZ dks 2010 esa ;w,uMhih dh çeq[k ekuo fodkl fjiksVZ esa 'kkfey djus ds
fy, la;qä jk"Vª fodkl dk;ZØe ¼;w,uMhih½ ds lkFk vksih,pvkbZ }kjk fodflr fd;k x;k
FkkA bls vksih,pvkbZ }kjk vkSj rc ls ,pMhvkj esa lkykuk çdkf'kr fd;k x;k gSA
Dr. Pragati Krishnan 2

3. What is the global MPI?
oSf'od ,eihvkbZ D;k gS
The global Multidimensional Poverty Index (MPI) is an international measure of
acute multidimensional poverty covering over 100 developing countries. It
complements traditional monetary poverty measures by capturing the acute
deprivations in health, education, and living standards that a person faces
simultaneously.
oSf'od cgqvk;keh xjhch lwpdkad ¼,eihvkbZ½ 100 ls vf/kd fodkl'khy ns'kksa dks doj djus
okyh rhoz cgqvk;keh xjhch dk ,d varjjk"Vªh; eki gSA ;g LokLF;] f'k{kk vkSj thou Lrj esa
rhoz vHkkoksa dks /;ku esa j[kdj ikjaifjd ekSfæd xjhch mik;ksa dks iwjk djrk gS ftudk ,d
O;fä ,d lkFk lkeuk djrk gSA
Dr. Pragati Krishnan 3

4. ,eihvkbZ O;fäxr Lrj ij xjhch dk vkdyu djrk gSA ;fn dksbZ O;fä nl ¼Hkkfjr½
ladsrdksa esa ls ,d frgkbZ ;k vf/kd esa oafpr gS] rks oSf'od ,eihvkbZ mUgsa ,eihvkbZ xjhc ds
:i esa igpkurk gSA mudh xjhch dh lhek & ;k rhozrk & dks muds }kjk vuqHko fd, tk
jgs vHkkoksa ds çfr'kr ds ek/;e ls Hkh ekik tkrk gSA
The MPI assesses poverty at the individual level. If a person is deprived in a third or
more of ten (weighted) indicators, the global MPI identifies them as ‘MPI poor’. The
extent – or intensity – of their poverty is also measured through the percentage of
deprivations they are experiencing.
Dr. Pragati Krishnan 4

5. Source : https://www.un.org/sustainabledevelopment/blog/2015/12/sustainable-development-goals-kick-off-with-start-of-new-year/
Dr. Pragati Krishnan 5

6. Global Multidimensional Poverty Index: Dimensions and Indicators of Poverty
Source : OPHI (2018). Global Multidimensional Poverty Index 2018: The Most Detailed Picture to Date of the World’s
Poorest People. Report. Oxford Poverty and Human Development Initiative, University of Oxford.
Dr. Pragati Krishnan 6

7. Global MPI – Dimensions, Indicators, Deprivation Cutoffs, and Weights
Dimensions
of poverty
Indicator Deprived if living in a household where… Weight SDG Area
Health
(1/3)
Nutrition Any person under 70 years of age for whom there is
nutritional information is undernourished.
1/6 SDG 2:
Zero Hunger
Child mortality A child under 18 has died in the household in the five-
year period preceding the survey.
1/6 SDG 3: Health and
Well-being
Education
(1/3)
Years of
schooling
No eligible household member has completed six
years of schooling.
1/6 SDG 4:
Quality
Education
School
attendance
Any school-aged child is not attending school up
to the age at which he/she would complete class 8.
1/6 SDG 4:
Quality
Education
Dr. Pragati Krishnan 7

8. Dimensions
of poverty
Indicator Deprived if living in a household where… Weight SDG Area
Living Standards
(1/3)
Cooking fuel A household cooks using solid fuel, such as dung, agricultural
crop, shrubs, wood, charcoal, or coal.
1/18 SDG 7: Affordable and
Clean Energy
Sanitation The household has unimproved or no sanitation facility or it is
improved but shared with other households.
1/18 SDG 6:
Clean Water
and Sanitation
Drinking water The household’s source of drinking water is not safe or safe
drinking water is a 30-minute or longer walk from home,
roundtrip.
1/18 SDG 6:
Clean Water
and Sanitation
Electricity The household has no electricity. 1/18 SDG 7: Affordable and
Clean Energy
Housing The household has inadequate housing materials in any of the
three components: floor, roof, or walls.
1/18 SDG 11: Sustainable
Cities and Communities
Assets The household does not own more than one of these assets:
radio, TV, telephone, computer, animal cart, bicycle, motorbike,
or refrigerator, and does not own a car or truck.
1/18 SDG 1:
No Poverty
Contd…
Dr. Pragati Krishnan 8

9. oSf'od ,eihvkbZ & vk;ke] ladsrd] vHkko dVv‚Q vkSj otu
xjhch ds
vk;ke
lwpd oafpr vxj ,sls ?kj esa jg jgs gSa tgka--- otu SDG Area
LokLF;
(1/3)
iks"k.k 70 o"kZ ls de vk;q dk dksbZ Hkh O;fä ftlds fy, iks"k.k laca/kh
tkudkjh vYiiksf"kr ls miyC/k gSA
1/6 SDG 2:
'kwU; Hkw[k
cky e`R;q nj losZ{k.k ls igys dh ikap lky dh vof/k esa ?kj esa 18 o"kZ ls
de mez ds ,d cPps dh e`R;q gks xbZ gSA
1/6 SDG 3: LokLF; vkSj
vPNkbZ
f'k{kk
(1/3)
Ldwyh f'k{kk ds o"kZ ?kj ds fdlh Hkh ;ksX; lnL; us Ng lky dh Ldwyh f'k{kk iwjh ugha
dh gSA
1/6 SDG 4:
f'k{kk
Dh xq.koÙkk
fo|ky; esa
mifLrfFk
Ldwy tkus okyk dksbZ Hkh cPpk ml mez rd Ldwy ugha tk jgk gS]
ftl mez esa og 8oha d{kk iwjh djsxkA
1/6 SDG 4:
f'k{kk
Dh xq.koÙkk
Dr. Pragati Krishnan 9

10. xjhch ds
vk;ke
lwpd oafpr vxj ,sls ?kj esa jg jgs gSa tgka--- otu SDG Area
thou Lrj
(1/3)
[kkuk idkus dk
bZa/ku
,d ifjokj xkscj] —f"k Qly] >kfM+;k¡] ydM+h] ydM+h dk
dks;yk] ;k dks;ys tSls Bksl bZa/ku dk mi;ksx djds [kkuk
cukrk gSA
1/18 SDG 7: lLrh vkSj
LoPN ÅtkZ
LoPNrk ?kj esa dksbZ lq/kkj ugha gS ;k dksbZ LoPNrk lqfo/kk ugha gS ;k
blesa lq/kkj gqvk gS ysfdu bls vU; ?kjksa ds lkFk lk>k fd;k
tkrk gSA
1/18 SDG 6:
LoPN ty ,oa LoPNrk
is; ty ?kj esa ihus ds ikuh dk lzksr lqjf{kr ugha gS ;k lqjf{kr ihus dk
ikuh ?kj ls 30 feuV ;k mlls vf/kd dh iSny nwjh ij gSA
1/18 SDG 6:
LoPN ty ,oa LoPNrk
fctyh ?kj esa fctyh ugha gSA 1/18 SDG 7: lLrh vkSj
LoPN ÅtkZ
vkokl ?kj ds rhu ?kVdksa esa ls fdlh esa Hkh vi;kZIr vkokl lkexzh gS
Q'kZ] Nr] ;k nhokjsaA
1/18 SDG 11: fVdkÅ 'kgj
vkSj leqnk;
laifÙk ifjokj ds ikl buesa ls ,d ls vf/kd laifÙk ugha gS jsfM;ks]
Vhoh] VsyhQksu] daI;wVj] i'kq xkM+h] lkbfdy] eksVjlkbfdy] ;k
jsfÝtjsVj] vkSj dkj ;k Vªd dk ekfyd ugha gSA
1/18 SDG 1:
fu/kZurk esa deh
Contd…
Dr. Pragati Krishnan 10

11. Recently, NITI Aayog has released the Report “National Multidimensional Poverty Index: A
Progress Review 2023”, claiming that a significant number of people have come out of
multidimensional poverty in India.
What is the National Multidimensional Poverty Index?
•The report has been prepared based on the latest National Family Health Survey-5 ( 2019-
21 ) and is the 2nd edition of the National Multidimensional Poverty Index (MPI).
• The first edition of MPI was released in 2021.
•The MPI seeks to measure Poverty across its multiple dimensions and in effect complements
existing poverty statistics based on per capita consumption expenditure.
•It has three equally weighted dimensions – Health, Education, and Standard of living.
• These three dimensions are represented by 12 indicators such as nutrition, child and
adolescent mortality, maternal health, years of schooling, school attendance, cooking
fuel, sanitation, drinking water, electricity, housing, assets, and bank accounts.
Dr. Pragati Krishnan 11

12. gky gh esa uhfr vk;ksx us jk"Vªh; cgqvk;keh xjhch lwpdkad ,d çxfr leh{kk 2023 fjiksVZ tkjh dh
gS] ftlesa nkok fd;k x;k gS fd Hkkjr esa cM+h la[;k esa yksx cgqvk;keh xjhch ls ckgj vk x, gSaA
jk"Vªh; cgqvk;keh xjhch lwpdkad D;k gS
• fjiksVZ uohure jk"Vªh; ifjokj LokLF; losZ{k.k&5 ¼2019&21½ ds vk/kkj ij rS;kj dh xbZ gS vkSj
;g jk"Vªh; cgqvk;keh xjhch lwpdkad ¼,eihvkbZ½ dk nwljk laLdj.k gSA
• ,eihvkbZ dk igyk laLdj.k 2021 esa tkjh fd;k x;k FkkA
• ,eihvkbZ vius dbZ vk;keksa esa xjhch dks ekius dk ç;kl djrk gS vkSj okLro esa çfr O;fä
miHkksx O;; ds vk/kkj ij ekStwnk xjhch ds vkadM+ksa dks iwjk djrk gSA
• blds rhu leku egRo okys vk;ke gSa & LokLF;] f'k{kk vkSj thou LrjA
bu rhu vk;keksa dks iks"k.k] cky vkSj fd'kksj e`R;q nj] ekr` LokLF;] Ldwyh f'k{kk ds o"kZ]
Ldwy esa mifLFkfr] [kkuk idkus dk bZa/ku] LoPNrk] ihus dk ikuh] fctyh] vkokl] laifÙk vkSj cSad
[kkrs tSls 12 ladsrdksa }kjk n'kkZ;k tkrk gSA
Dr. Pragati Krishnan 12

13. What are the Key Highlights of the Report?
•Reduction in Multidimensional Poverty:
• Between 2015-16 and 2019-21, India witnessed a significant decline in the number
of multidimensionally poor individuals.
• Around 13.5 crore people moved out of multidimensional poverty during this period.
•Decline in Poverty Percentage:
• India's population living in multidimensional poverty decreased from 24.85% in
2015-16 to 14.96% in 2019-21, reflecting a decline of 9.89 % points.
•Rural-Urban Divide:
• The rural areas of India experienced the fastest decline in poverty, with the poverty
rate dropping from 32.59% to 19.28% between 2015-16 and 2019-21.
• In urban areas, the poverty rate reduced from 8.65% to 5.27% during the same
period.
Dr. Pragati Krishnan 13

14. fjiksVZ dh eq[; ckrsa D;k gSa
• cgqvk;keh xjhch esa deh
2015&16 vkSj 2019&21 ds chp] Hkkjr esa cgqvk;keh xjhc O;fä;ksa dh la[;k esa mYys[kuh; fxjkoV
ns[kh xbZA
bl vof/k ds nkSjku yxHkx 13-5 djksM+ yksx cgqvk;keh xjhch ls ckgj fudysA
• xjhch çfr'kr esa fxjkoV
cgqvk;keh xjhch esa jgus okyh Hkkjr dh tula[;k 2015&16 esa 24-85 % ls ?kVdj 2019&21 esa 14-
96 % gks xbZ] tks 9-89 % vadksa dh fxjkoV dks n'kkZrh gSA
• xzkeh.k&'kgjh foHkktu
Hkkjr ds xzkeh.k {ks=ksa esa xjhch esa lcls rst fxjkoV ns[kh xbZ] 2015&16 vkSj 2019&21 ds chp
xjhch nj 32-59 % ls fxjdj 19-28 % gks xbZA blh vof/k ds nkSjku 'kgjh {ks=ksa esa xjhch nj 8-65
% ls ?kVdj 5-27 % gks xbZA
Dr. Pragati Krishnan 14

15. • State-Level Progress:
• In terms of number of MPI poor, Uttar Pradesh saw the largest decline in the
number of poor individuals, with 3.43 crore (34.3 million) people escaping
multidimensional poverty.
• The states of Bihar, Madhya Pradesh, Odisha, and Rajasthan also witnessed
significant progress in reducing multidimensional poverty.
• Bihar saw the fastest reduction in MPI value in absolute terms with the proportion
of multidimensional poor reducing from 51.89% to 33.76% in 2019-21 followed by
Madhya Pradesh and Uttar Pradesh.
jkT;&Lrjh; çxfr
• ,eihvkbZ xjhcksa dh la[;k ds ekeys esa] mÙkj çns'k esa xjhc O;fä;ksa dh la[;k esa lcls cM+h
fxjkoV ns[kh xbZ] tgka 3-43 djksM+ ¼34-3 fefy;u½ yksx cgqvk;keh xjhch ls cp x,A
• fcgkj] e/; çns'k] vksfM'kk vkSj jktLFkku jkT;ksa esa Hkh cgqvk;keh xjhch dks de djus esa egRoiw.kZ
çxfr ns[kh xbZA
• 2019&21 esa fcgkj esa ,eihvkbZ ewY; esa lcls rsth ls deh ns[kh xbZ] ftlesa cgqvk;keh xjhcksa dk
vuqikr 51-89 % ls ?kVdj 33-76 % gks x;k] blds ckn e/; çns'k vkSj mÙkj çns'k dk LFkku gSA
Dr. Pragati Krishnan 15

16. Source : Niti Aayog Report, 2023
Dr. Pragati Krishnan 16

17. •SDG Target:
• The MPI value for India has nearly halved from 0.117 to 0.066 between 2015-
16 and 2019-21.
• The intensity of poverty has reduced from 47% to 44%, indicating that India is
on track to achieve SDG (Sustainable Development Goals) Target 1.2
(reducing multidimensional poverty by at least half) ahead of the stipulated
timeline of 2030.
•Improvement in Indicators:
• All 12 indicators used to measure multidimensional poverty showed marked
improvements.
• The impact of Swachh Bharat Mission (SBM) and Jal Jeevan Mission (JJM) is
evident in the swift 21.8% points improvement in sanitation deprivations.
• The Poshan Abhiyan and Anaemia Mukt Bharat have contributed to reduced
deprivations in health.
• The provision of subsidized cooking fuel through the Pradhan Mantri Ujjwala
Yojana (PMUY) has positively transformed lives, with a 14.6% improvement in
cooking fuel deprivations. Dr. Pragati Krishnan 17

18. ,lMhth y{;
• Hkkjr ds fy, ,eihvkbZ ewY; 2015&16 vkSj 2019&21 ds chp 0-117 ls yxHkx vk/kk gksdj 0-
066 gks x;k gSA
• xjhch dh rhozrk 47 % ls ?kVdj 44 % gks xbZ gS] tks n'kkZrk gS fd Hkkjr 2030 dh fu/kkZfjr
le;lhek ls igys ,lMhth ¼lrr fodkl y{;½ y{; 1-2 ¼cgqvk;keh xjhch dks de ls de
vk/kk de djuk½ gkfly djus dh jkg ij gSA
ladsrdksa esa lq/kkj
• cgqvk;keh xjhch dks ekius ds fy, mi;ksx fd, tkus okys lHkh 12 ladsrdksa esa mYys[kuh; lq/kkj
ns[kk x;kA
• LoPN Hkkjr fe'ku ¼,lch,e½ vkSj ty thou fe'ku ¼tsts,e½ dk çHkko LoPNrk vHkkoksa esa 21-8
% vadksa ds rst lq/kkj ls Li"V gSA
• iks"k.k vfHk;ku vkSj ,uhfe;k eqä Hkkjr us LokLF; esa deh dks de djus esa ;ksxnku fn;k gSA
• ç/kku ea=h mTToyk ;kstuk ¼ih,e;wokbZ½ ds ek/;e ls lfClMh okys [kkuk idkus ds bZa/ku ds
çko/kku us [kkuk idkus ds bZa/ku dh deh esa 14-6 % lq/kkj ds lkFk thou esa ldkjkRed cnyko
yk;k gSA Dr. Pragati Krishnan 18

19. Source : Niti Aayog Report, 2023 Dr. Pragati Krishnan 19

20. THANK YOU !!!
Dr. Pragati Krishnan 20