1. SAA Workshop Pennsylvania State University April 2009 MOVING IMAGES: An Introduction for Archivists

3. Heritage Health Index (Heritage Preservation, 2005) Introduction

4. Heritage Health Index (Heritage Preservation, 2005) Introduction

5. Definitions From SAA’s Glossary of Archival and Records Terminology MOVING IMAGE: A generic term for a visual work that has the appearance of movement FILM: A thin sheet of plastic, in a sheet or roll, coated with light-sensitive emulsion to be exposed in a camera VIDEOTAPE: Magnetic tape used to record video and audio signals Understanding Moving Images

6. VIDEO: Moving images, with sound, recorded electronically [in analog format, on magnetic tape or optical disk] [ DIGITAL VIDEO: A moving image that is created as, or transferred or transcoded to, digital information onto optical or magnetic media] MACHINE DEPENDENT: Requiring a specific type of hardware to operate Understanding Moving Images Definitions From SAA’s Glossary of Archival and Records Terminology

7. ANALOG: Continuously varying in correlation to a physical process, [ analogous to the sensory signals found in nature] DIGITAL: Representing information through a sequence of discrete units, especially binary code Understanding Moving Images Definitions From SAA’s Glossary of Archival and Records Terminology

9. . . . Content Value Understanding Moving Images

10. Zoetrope Flip Book History & Science Understanding Moving Images “ Persistence of Vision”

11. History & Science Eadweard Muybridge’s motion studies, 1872 Understanding Moving Images

12. History & Science Understanding Moving Images Flexible film, 1887

13. History & Science JVC VHS format, 1976 AMPEX Quadruplex 2” reel-to-reel VTR, 1956 Understanding Moving Images

14. History & Science Mechanical Understanding Moving Images Apparatus Electronic

20. Physical Properties: Digital Media Optical Disc: Seven+ layers Indentifying Moving Images

25. Chemical Damage: Film Nitrate decomposition Physical Threats

26. Chemical Damage: Film Acetate decomposition (a.k.a. acid hydrolysis, or “Vinegar Syndrome”) Physical Threats

27. Chemical Damage: Film Color fading Physical Threats

28. Chemical Damage: Videotape “ Sticky Shed Syndrome” (binder hydrolysis) Physical Threats

36. Examination & Assessment: Film Preservation

39. Repair & Cleaning: Video & Digital Media Preservation Videocassette and optical disk cleaning machines

41. Trustworthy Apparatus Preservation

42. Use Preservation Original

44. Anatomy of a Digital Video File Reformatting FRAME SIZE: Width and height of the frame, measured in pixels ASPECT RATIO: Ratio of width to height of the frame in pixels FRAME RATE: Output frames per second BITRATE: Determines the amount of data needed to best represent the quality of the video, measured in megabits per second BROADCAST STANDARD: Video frame rates and lines of resolution used in different parts of the world. (Americas: NTSC) AUDIO: File format, codec, bitrate, sample rate, bit depth, number of output channels (mono or stereo), etc.

48. Reformatting

49. Reformatting

50. Reformatting

51. Reformatting

56. Description Description Independent Media Arts Preservation Cataloging Template

57. Description Description

62. Paul Eisloeffel Archives Filmworks 328 S. 28 th St. Lincoln, NE 68510 402-730-9735 [email_address] MOVING IMAGES: An Introduction for Archivists