New Zealand is a mountainous group of islands located in the southeastern Pacific Ocean. The main islands are the North and South Islands, separated by the Cook Strait. New Zealand has a varied climate from subtropical in the north to cooler temperatures in the south. The government is a parliamentary democracy and constitutional monarchy, with Queen Elizabeth II as the head of state. Key exports include dairy products, meat, and fruits and vegetables, while imports include vehicles, machinery, and pharmaceuticals. Tourism is also a major contributor to New Zealand's economy.
World Economic Situation and Prospects 2013Daniel Dufourt
ONU - World Economic Situation and Prospects 2013
United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD) and the five United Nations regional commissions
(Economic Commission for Africa (ECA), Economic Commission for Europe (ECE), Economic Commission for
Latin America and the Caribbean (ECLAC), Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific (ESCAP) and
Economic and Social Commission for Western Asia (ESCWA)).
ONU, 2013, 207 pages
Opportunities from Satellite Observation Systems in Climate Risk Mitigation: ...Julius Huho
One of the key findings in the Fourth Assessment Report (AR4) is that millions of people globally will be exposed to increased water stress due to climate change. With over three quarters of Africa falling under arid and semiarid climate, the continent is prone to the vagaries of climate change. Like other African countries, climate related disasters pose threat to the economy of Kenya, which largely depend on agriculture, tourism and hospitality sectors. Droughts and floods make regular news in the country causing devastating effects which are sometimes irreversible, at least in the short-term, causing destitution among the natives and huge losses to government agencies. In a continent where rainfall performance plays a critical role in most of economic sectors, monitoring of drought hazards is important in coping with climate vagaries and adopting the most appropriate mitigation measures. This paper focuses on the effects of climate shocks on tourism and hospitality sector in Nakuru County in Kenya. It utilizes satellite images, in addition to rainfall data, for drought assessment and monitoring. Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) and land cover images have been used to establish and map the geographical extent and severity of droughts and the availability of pasture and browse for wildlife. Changes in water levels in Lakes Nakuru have been well documented. The study benefits the tourism destination managers, tour operators and hoteliers on the best locational sites for tourism and hospitality enterprises not only to ensure maximum revenue but also facilitate satisfying experiences to the visitors during climate related catastrophes. In addition, the findings inform government agencies which areas require rapid responses and plan contingency measures a head of time.
World Economic Situation and Prospects 2013Daniel Dufourt
ONU - World Economic Situation and Prospects 2013
United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD) and the five United Nations regional commissions
(Economic Commission for Africa (ECA), Economic Commission for Europe (ECE), Economic Commission for
Latin America and the Caribbean (ECLAC), Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific (ESCAP) and
Economic and Social Commission for Western Asia (ESCWA)).
ONU, 2013, 207 pages
Opportunities from Satellite Observation Systems in Climate Risk Mitigation: ...Julius Huho
One of the key findings in the Fourth Assessment Report (AR4) is that millions of people globally will be exposed to increased water stress due to climate change. With over three quarters of Africa falling under arid and semiarid climate, the continent is prone to the vagaries of climate change. Like other African countries, climate related disasters pose threat to the economy of Kenya, which largely depend on agriculture, tourism and hospitality sectors. Droughts and floods make regular news in the country causing devastating effects which are sometimes irreversible, at least in the short-term, causing destitution among the natives and huge losses to government agencies. In a continent where rainfall performance plays a critical role in most of economic sectors, monitoring of drought hazards is important in coping with climate vagaries and adopting the most appropriate mitigation measures. This paper focuses on the effects of climate shocks on tourism and hospitality sector in Nakuru County in Kenya. It utilizes satellite images, in addition to rainfall data, for drought assessment and monitoring. Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) and land cover images have been used to establish and map the geographical extent and severity of droughts and the availability of pasture and browse for wildlife. Changes in water levels in Lakes Nakuru have been well documented. The study benefits the tourism destination managers, tour operators and hoteliers on the best locational sites for tourism and hospitality enterprises not only to ensure maximum revenue but also facilitate satisfying experiences to the visitors during climate related catastrophes. In addition, the findings inform government agencies which areas require rapid responses and plan contingency measures a head of time.
The Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) represent an ambitious global plan that aims to eliminate poverty in its multiple forms and dimensions by 2030 by calling for action, all countries, rich and poor, to promote prosperity while protecting the planet. This paper aims at eradicating poverty through unlocking investment opportunies by effective management and development of the abundance of Natural resoucres in South Sudan. The paper targets the Government and Private sector as important agents for a successful and sustainable transition to a middle income country, with reduced Poverty and improved livelihoods.
Analyze the impact of Financial Crisis on Sri Lankan EconomyNuwanTharuka1
What is financial crisis
The nature and types of financial crisis
Examples of financial crisis which had an impact on Sri Lankan economy
Impact or consequences of financial crisis
Strategies to overcome financial crisis
The economy of Pakistan is the 24th largest in the world in terms of purchasing power parity, and 42nd largest in terms of nominal gross domestic product
Advantages and disadvantes of foreign aid to developmentBaseera Hashmi
There is no doubt that today’s world is more affluent and has more advanced technology than ever before ,however, there are famine, pollution, water shortages and development problems in dozens of countries. In that case, many countries and organizations are supplying aid and supporting undeveloped countries. Ordinary people who live in rich countries also have greater awareness of helping their infrastructural development. Food, technological, educational aids have become an accepted policy of advanced countries to assist in furthering the development of the human and material resources of poor countries.
Unfortunately, problems were misdiagnosed or not foreseen. It is no good taking over the aid of foreign countries uncritically. Moreover, foreign aid would make undeveloped countries lose their economy, market and other area’s independence. At the same time, as a kind of political exchange, undeveloped countries have to obey new rules which created by developed countries and further to be vassal states again. Nowadays, most countries in the world have not finished the progress of being industrialized.
This presentation makes you familiar with a few common-used notions such as: BRIC, MITSK, emerging markets, ...
It also contains a look at the predictions for 2050, and a focus on the Brazilian economy as well as a short topic about the "BRIC"-wall the U.S. economy is facing.
OECD: The impact of the Covid-19 outbreak on economic (Presentation)chaganomics
The impact of the Covid-19 outbreak on economic prospects is severe Growth was weak but stabilising until the coronavirus Covid-19 hit. Restrictions on movement of people, goods and services, and containment measures such as factory closures have cut manufacturing and domestic demand sharply in China. The impact on the rest of the world through business travel and tourism, supply chains, commodities and lower confidence is growing.
For this course, I have collaborated with 3 of my classmates to produce and present a presentation that we analyzed through researching
and interpreting relevant information.
The Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) represent an ambitious global plan that aims to eliminate poverty in its multiple forms and dimensions by 2030 by calling for action, all countries, rich and poor, to promote prosperity while protecting the planet. This paper aims at eradicating poverty through unlocking investment opportunies by effective management and development of the abundance of Natural resoucres in South Sudan. The paper targets the Government and Private sector as important agents for a successful and sustainable transition to a middle income country, with reduced Poverty and improved livelihoods.
Analyze the impact of Financial Crisis on Sri Lankan EconomyNuwanTharuka1
What is financial crisis
The nature and types of financial crisis
Examples of financial crisis which had an impact on Sri Lankan economy
Impact or consequences of financial crisis
Strategies to overcome financial crisis
The economy of Pakistan is the 24th largest in the world in terms of purchasing power parity, and 42nd largest in terms of nominal gross domestic product
Advantages and disadvantes of foreign aid to developmentBaseera Hashmi
There is no doubt that today’s world is more affluent and has more advanced technology than ever before ,however, there are famine, pollution, water shortages and development problems in dozens of countries. In that case, many countries and organizations are supplying aid and supporting undeveloped countries. Ordinary people who live in rich countries also have greater awareness of helping their infrastructural development. Food, technological, educational aids have become an accepted policy of advanced countries to assist in furthering the development of the human and material resources of poor countries.
Unfortunately, problems were misdiagnosed or not foreseen. It is no good taking over the aid of foreign countries uncritically. Moreover, foreign aid would make undeveloped countries lose their economy, market and other area’s independence. At the same time, as a kind of political exchange, undeveloped countries have to obey new rules which created by developed countries and further to be vassal states again. Nowadays, most countries in the world have not finished the progress of being industrialized.
This presentation makes you familiar with a few common-used notions such as: BRIC, MITSK, emerging markets, ...
It also contains a look at the predictions for 2050, and a focus on the Brazilian economy as well as a short topic about the "BRIC"-wall the U.S. economy is facing.
OECD: The impact of the Covid-19 outbreak on economic (Presentation)chaganomics
The impact of the Covid-19 outbreak on economic prospects is severe Growth was weak but stabilising until the coronavirus Covid-19 hit. Restrictions on movement of people, goods and services, and containment measures such as factory closures have cut manufacturing and domestic demand sharply in China. The impact on the rest of the world through business travel and tourism, supply chains, commodities and lower confidence is growing.
For this course, I have collaborated with 3 of my classmates to produce and present a presentation that we analyzed through researching
and interpreting relevant information.
Macro-economical concept applied in Egypt such as : unemployment rate, Economical political power, long run variables and stock market, role of the central bank all that and more you can see under the topic Egypt between black yesterday and welling tomorrow
Economic, social and financial analysis of these countries.
this includes GDP FDI inflation interest rate public debt.
this is the key idea to inter in the foreign market. I'll upload the second presentation about entering a new market with new product. Opportunities and threats in that market etc.
Worked as a small team to study, translate, and prepare a presentation on business culture in Costa Rica. Used library research tools (i.e. National Climate Data Center, A to Z World Culture, and Reference Universe) to generate and present proper second-hand data.
Students, digital devices and success - Andreas Schleicher - 27 May 2024..pptxEduSkills OECD
Andreas Schleicher presents at the OECD webinar ‘Digital devices in schools: detrimental distraction or secret to success?’ on 27 May 2024. The presentation was based on findings from PISA 2022 results and the webinar helped launch the PISA in Focus ‘Managing screen time: How to protect and equip students against distraction’ https://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/education/managing-screen-time_7c225af4-en and the OECD Education Policy Perspective ‘Students, digital devices and success’ can be found here - https://oe.cd/il/5yV
Ethnobotany and Ethnopharmacology:
Ethnobotany in herbal drug evaluation,
Impact of Ethnobotany in traditional medicine,
New development in herbals,
Bio-prospecting tools for drug discovery,
Role of Ethnopharmacology in drug evaluation,
Reverse Pharmacology.
The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
This is a presentation by Dada Robert in a Your Skill Boost masterclass organised by the Excellence Foundation for South Sudan (EFSS) on Saturday, the 25th and Sunday, the 26th of May 2024.
He discussed the concept of quality improvement, emphasizing its applicability to various aspects of life, including personal, project, and program improvements. He defined quality as doing the right thing at the right time in the right way to achieve the best possible results and discussed the concept of the "gap" between what we know and what we do, and how this gap represents the areas we need to improve. He explained the scientific approach to quality improvement, which involves systematic performance analysis, testing and learning, and implementing change ideas. He also highlighted the importance of client focus and a team approach to quality improvement.
We all have good and bad thoughts from time to time and situation to situation. We are bombarded daily with spiraling thoughts(both negative and positive) creating all-consuming feel , making us difficult to manage with associated suffering. Good thoughts are like our Mob Signal (Positive thought) amidst noise(negative thought) in the atmosphere. Negative thoughts like noise outweigh positive thoughts. These thoughts often create unwanted confusion, trouble, stress and frustration in our mind as well as chaos in our physical world. Negative thoughts are also known as “distorted thinking”.
Instructions for Submissions thorugh G- Classroom.pptxJheel Barad
This presentation provides a briefing on how to upload submissions and documents in Google Classroom. It was prepared as part of an orientation for new Sainik School in-service teacher trainees. As a training officer, my goal is to ensure that you are comfortable and proficient with this essential tool for managing assignments and fostering student engagement.
Unit 8 - Information and Communication Technology (Paper I).pdfThiyagu K
This slides describes the basic concepts of ICT, basics of Email, Emerging Technology and Digital Initiatives in Education. This presentations aligns with the UGC Paper I syllabus.
How to Create Map Views in the Odoo 17 ERPCeline George
The map views are useful for providing a geographical representation of data. They allow users to visualize and analyze the data in a more intuitive manner.
1. Movie Location: New Zealand
Cassandra Colao, Arianna "Ari" Gonzalez, Aryanna Seirra
2.
3. Explified. (Decemeber 30, 2020). New Zealand- 10 Interesting Facts | Country Facts [video
file]. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2_KxDG7ZYeY
4. New Zealand
Geography
New Zealand has a mountainous group
of islands. They are located in the
southeastern Pacific Ocean. New
Zealand's main islands are the North
and South Islands. These islands are
separated by the Cook Strait.
Features
• Active Volcanoes
• Indigenous Maori
culture
• Beautiful
Landscape
5. Climate
New Zealand's climate varies from a
subtropical climate in the north to cool
temperature in the south. They also have
alpine conditions in some mountainous
areas. Lastly, New Zealand has about 600
to 1600mm of rainfall in a year, and they
also experience some dry periods in the
summer.
6. Government Structure
The government structure of New
Zealand is a Parliamentary system,
Unitary state, Constitutional
monarchy.
More Facts!
o Prime Minister is Jada Ardern
o Capital is Wellington
o Queen is Queen Elizabeth II
•
8. Per Capita
GDP
42,084.353 USD
(GDP per capita (current US$) -
New Zealand. 2019)
According to the Investopedia
Staff (2020), "Per capita gross
domestic product (GDP) is a
metric that breaks down a
country's economic output per
person and is calculated by
dividing the GDP of a country by
its population."
9. Wealth
Distribution
In New Zealand the top wealthiest
1% have, "16 percent of overall
net wealth in New Zealand"
(Crampton, 2019)
"Half of all adults in New Zealand
can count themselves among the
world’s top 10 percent, and
189,000 of us are among the
global top 1 percent." (Crampton,
2019)
For Reference: The top wealthiest 1% in the U.S. own, "about
40 percent of all wealth and the bottom 90 percent of families
holding less than one-quarter of all wealth". (McGrew,
Leiserson, and Kopparam. 2019)
10. Terrorism
Gov.UK suggests that all travelers, "…should be aware of the
global risk of indiscriminate terrorist attacks...", and "...be
vigilant at this time." (n.d.)
Many New Zealanders have been extremely cautious in light
of the series of shootings occurring "...at the Al Noor and
Linwood mosques in Christchurch. Fifty-one people were
killed and many more injured." (gov.uk, n.d.)
*These terrorist attack where a result of the current conflicts
in Iraq and Syria
11. Labor Force Composition
Currently 2.6M in the labor force.
15-24 year olds make up 14.3%
25-44 year olds make up 41.7%
45-64 year olds make up 36.8%
65+ year olds make up 7.2%
(stats.gov.nz, 2017)
Current unemployment rate of 4.9%
(stats.gov.nz, 2021)
12. Inflation Rate
The panelists at Focus
Economics (n.d.) "...see
inflation averaging 1.4% in
2021 and 1.7% in 2022."
This rate shows that
overall, NZ inflation is
decreasing. Previous years
saw rates of 1.9% (2017)
and 1.6% (2018 and 2019).
13. Infrastructure
The New Zealand Infrastructure Commission Te
Waihanga is a sector of NZ Government that is
currently, "...developing a draft 30-year infrastructure
strategy, which will be tabled in Parliament in late
2021. This strategy will provide decision makers with
a basis for bold reform and policy change, informed
by independent, evidence-based analysis." (Strategy
Development, n.d.)
The New Zealand Government
prioritizes transport, water,
communications and energy within
infrastructure. Currently the NZ
treasury states that, "New Zealand’s
infrastructure faces a number of
challenges, including the need to
renew ageing infrastructure, the
pressures of an aging and urbanising
population, tight fiscal constraints,
changing technology, the effects of
climate change, and the increased
pressure on our natural resources."
(Infrastructure, n.d.)
14. Main Imports/Exports
Exports
Agricultural commodities make up the majority of
New Zealand’s exports
Dairy Products (lead)
Meat
Fruit & Vegetables
Tourism contributes a great amount, to the export
industry. It employs 14% of New Zealand’s
population (Market Overview, 2019)
In 2018, a recorded 10% of the country’s total
exports were to the United States – totaling $3.8B
15. Main Imports/Exports
Imports
The United States, supplying 10.6% of New
Zealand’s imports, is a vital partner to the country
(after China and Australia).
Aircraft & Aircraft Parts
Agricultural Machinery
Pharmaceutical Product
The country spends about $2.94B importing cars,
and a total of $3.99B on Crude and Refined
Petroleum.
Packaged
Medicaments
(Other) Edible
Preparations
Iron
Structures
Clothing
16. Population Demographics
Total Population: 4,849,836 {Annual Growth Rate: 1.4%}
74% state they are of European descent
16.5% state they are Māori
27.4% are born overseas
GDP: Ranked 53rd Strongest In World
Migrant Arrivals: 85,757
Migrant Departures: 41,631
98.6 Males : 100 Females
Median Age: 37.6
17. Travel Costs
To travel, by plane, from Orlando, Florida to
Auckland, New Zealand it would cost from
$2,500-$3,200 per ticket– according to Trip
Advisor on March 21, 2021.
With high living costs due to an
abundance of exports and tourism,
the expenses do not end here (Cost
of Living in New Zealand, 2020).
18. Filming in Auckland, New Zealand
The Process:
1: Initial Inquiry
This is where a facilitator will determine what, if any, of the preconceived ideas are possible.
Meetings are had to voice ideas and suggest base requirements.
2: Application
A permit needs to be obtained and submitted, as well as the correct application
documents. Once they are approved, terms and conditions are formed as well as a
rough idea for the production’s timeframe and cost. The permit also includes filming
dates, traffic/parking management, and consultation requirements.
Auckland Council’s film protocol is user-friendly, keeps the production members’
interests in mind, while also following the necessary rules and regulations.
19. Why New Zealand?
The Auckland council declares the film industry in
the location to be one of great opportunity. With
numerous destinations, advanced production
facilities, and highly regarded talent, New Zealand
is the perfect pick. The films, commercials, etc. that
filmed here can often be viewed worldwide
20. References
Filming Permits Auckland Film Industry. (2021). https://www.aucklandnz.com/film/before-you-start-filming/permits
GDP per capita (current US$) - New Zealand. (2019). The World
Bank. https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.PCAP.CD?end=2019&locations=NZ&start=1999&view=chart
Gov.UK. (n.d.). Foreign Travel Advice New Zealand. https://www.gov.uk/foreign-travel-advice/new-zealand/terrorism
Inflation in New Zealand. (n.d.). Focus Economics. https://www.focus-economics.com/country-indicator/new-zealand/inflation
Infrastructure. (n.d.). Te Tai Ōhanga Treasury. https://www.treasury.govt.nz/information-and-services/nz-economy/infrastructure
Investopedia Staff. (2020). Per Capita GDP. https://www.investopedia.com/terms/p/per-capita-gdp.asp
Labor force will grow and age. (December 14, 2017). Stats NZ. https://www.stats.govt.nz/news/labour-force-will-grow-and-age
Leireson, G., McGrew, W., Kopparam, R. (March 21, 2019). The distribution of wealth in the United States and implications for a net worth tax. Washington Center for
Equitable Growth. https://equitablegrowth.org/the-distribution-of-wealth-in-the-united-states-and-implications-for-a-net-worth-tax/
New Zealand - MARKET Overview New Zealand - market overview. (2019, July 31).
https://www.export.gov/article?series=a0pt0000000PAuYAAW&type=Country_Commercial__kav
New Zealand (NZL) exports, imports, and trade partners. (2019). https://oec.world/en/profile/country/nzl
New Zealand Population 2021 (Demographics, Maps, Graphs). (2019). https://worldpopulationreview.com/countries/new-zealand-population
Population: Stats NZ. (2020, December). https://www.stats.govt.nz/topics/population
Strategy Development. (n.d.) New Zealand Infrastructure Commission Te Waihanga. https://infracom.govt.nz/strategy/strategy-development/
The cost of living in New Zealand. (2020, April 21). https://www.internations.org/go/moving-to-new-zealand/living/cost-of-living-in-new-zealand
Unemployment Rate. (February 3, 2021). Stats NZ. https://www.stats.govt.nz/indicators/unemployment-rate
New Zealand. (2021, February 10). Geography. https://kids.nationalgeographic.com/geography/countries/article/new-zealand
21. Images
Filippova, A. (2017, March 16). 5 reasons to buy fruits and vegetables at farmers' markets. Retrieved from https://www.greenofficevu.nl/5-reasons-to-buy-fruits-
and-vegetables-at-farmers-markets/
Labor force [photograph]. (March 8, 2019) https://www.businessinsurance.com/article/20190308/NEWS06/912327187/Department-of-Labor-issues-long-
awaited-overtime-proposal
New Zealand (NZL) exports, imports, and trade partners. (2019). https://oec.world/en/profile/country/nzl
New Zealand Population 2021 (Demographics, Maps, Graphs). (2019). https://worldpopulationreview.com/countries/new-zealand-population
New Zealand Flag [photograph]. (February 16, 2001) https://www.britannica.com/topic/flag-of-New-Zealand
Norén, L. (May 27, 2009). Champagne Glass Distribution of Wealth [photograph]. https://thesocietypages.org/graphicsociology/2009/05/27/champagne-glass-
distribution-of-wealth/
McLannen, C. (November 13, 2018). Auckland city [photograph]. https://www.departures.com/travel/auckland-new-zealand-guide
Per Capita GDP Infographic [photograph]. (October 4, 2020). https://www.thebalance.com/gdp-per-capita-formula-u-s-compared-to-highest-and-lowest-3305848
Prairie with sheep [photograph]. (June 5, 2020). https://www.commonwealthfund.org/international-health-policy-center/countries/new-zealand
Melford, M. (n.d). Mountain scape [photograph]. https://www.nationalgeographic.com/travel/destination/new-zealand
Tourism NZ. (n.d.). Milford Sound, Fiordland [photograph]. https://www.newzealand.com/us/
Trend. (December 26, 2018). Coins [photograph]. https://www.azernews.az/business/143261.html
NZ Bus [photograph]. (n.d.). https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Zealand_AM_class_electric_multiple_unit