This document discusses linear motion and key concepts related to motion including:
- Distance is how far an object has moved while displacement specifies both distance and direction.
- Speed is distance traveled over time but velocity includes both speed and direction of motion.
- Acceleration is the rate of change of velocity with time, while deceleration is a negative acceleration or slowing down.
- Graphs can show relationships between position, velocity, acceleration and time, with slope representing velocity or acceleration.
This is a ppt on motion for class 9 studying students, hope you like it. If you have any questions message me on http;//sh.st/PVqfi
Regards
Mridul Verma
Innocent Hearts School
This is a ppt on motion for class 9 studying students, hope you like it. If you have any questions message me on http;//sh.st/PVqfi
Regards
Mridul Verma
Innocent Hearts School
Science!
Physics
Notes on the topic - 'MOTION'. For Class:- 9th
{with ncert examples}
Created By - 'Neha Rohtagi'.
I hope that you will found this presentation useful and it will help you out for your concept understanding.
Thank You!
Please give feedbacks and suggestions to get presentations on more interesting topics.
Uniformly Accelerated Motion and Free Fall Motion_NOTES.pptxALVINMARCDANCEL2
An object is in Free-Fall when the only force acting on the object is the Force of Gravity, however, we haven’t defined
Force much less the Force of Gravity, so, until we have defined the Force of Gravity, we have a slightly different definition.
An object is in Free-Fall when:
- It is not touching any other objects♥
- There is no air resistance (it’s in the vacuum we can breathe)
We are now in the vacuum that we can breathe and will be for the remainder of this class, unless otherwise stated.
Common Misconception: For some reason people think the word “fall” in Free-Fall means that the object must be going
down. This is absolutely, not true. An object thrown upward is in Free-Fall from the moment it leaves the persons hand
until it touches the ground.
Slide 1: Title Slide
Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Slide 2: Introduction to Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Definition: Extrachromosomal inheritance refers to the transmission of genetic material that is not found within the nucleus.
Key Components: Involves genes located in mitochondria, chloroplasts, and plasmids.
Slide 3: Mitochondrial Inheritance
Mitochondria: Organelles responsible for energy production.
Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA): Circular DNA molecule found in mitochondria.
Inheritance Pattern: Maternally inherited, meaning it is passed from mothers to all their offspring.
Diseases: Examples include Leber’s hereditary optic neuropathy (LHON) and mitochondrial myopathy.
Slide 4: Chloroplast Inheritance
Chloroplasts: Organelles responsible for photosynthesis in plants.
Chloroplast DNA (cpDNA): Circular DNA molecule found in chloroplasts.
Inheritance Pattern: Often maternally inherited in most plants, but can vary in some species.
Examples: Variegation in plants, where leaf color patterns are determined by chloroplast DNA.
Slide 5: Plasmid Inheritance
Plasmids: Small, circular DNA molecules found in bacteria and some eukaryotes.
Features: Can carry antibiotic resistance genes and can be transferred between cells through processes like conjugation.
Significance: Important in biotechnology for gene cloning and genetic engineering.
Slide 6: Mechanisms of Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Non-Mendelian Patterns: Do not follow Mendel’s laws of inheritance.
Cytoplasmic Segregation: During cell division, organelles like mitochondria and chloroplasts are randomly distributed to daughter cells.
Heteroplasmy: Presence of more than one type of organellar genome within a cell, leading to variation in expression.
Slide 7: Examples of Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Four O’clock Plant (Mirabilis jalapa): Shows variegated leaves due to different cpDNA in leaf cells.
Petite Mutants in Yeast: Result from mutations in mitochondrial DNA affecting respiration.
Slide 8: Importance of Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Evolution: Provides insight into the evolution of eukaryotic cells.
Medicine: Understanding mitochondrial inheritance helps in diagnosing and treating mitochondrial diseases.
Agriculture: Chloroplast inheritance can be used in plant breeding and genetic modification.
Slide 9: Recent Research and Advances
Gene Editing: Techniques like CRISPR-Cas9 are being used to edit mitochondrial and chloroplast DNA.
Therapies: Development of mitochondrial replacement therapy (MRT) for preventing mitochondrial diseases.
Slide 10: Conclusion
Summary: Extrachromosomal inheritance involves the transmission of genetic material outside the nucleus and plays a crucial role in genetics, medicine, and biotechnology.
Future Directions: Continued research and technological advancements hold promise for new treatments and applications.
Slide 11: Questions and Discussion
Invite Audience: Open the floor for any questions or further discussion on the topic.
(May 29th, 2024) Advancements in Intravital Microscopy- Insights for Preclini...Scintica Instrumentation
Intravital microscopy (IVM) is a powerful tool utilized to study cellular behavior over time and space in vivo. Much of our understanding of cell biology has been accomplished using various in vitro and ex vivo methods; however, these studies do not necessarily reflect the natural dynamics of biological processes. Unlike traditional cell culture or fixed tissue imaging, IVM allows for the ultra-fast high-resolution imaging of cellular processes over time and space and were studied in its natural environment. Real-time visualization of biological processes in the context of an intact organism helps maintain physiological relevance and provide insights into the progression of disease, response to treatments or developmental processes.
In this webinar we give an overview of advanced applications of the IVM system in preclinical research. IVIM technology is a provider of all-in-one intravital microscopy systems and solutions optimized for in vivo imaging of live animal models at sub-micron resolution. The system’s unique features and user-friendly software enables researchers to probe fast dynamic biological processes such as immune cell tracking, cell-cell interaction as well as vascularization and tumor metastasis with exceptional detail. This webinar will also give an overview of IVM being utilized in drug development, offering a view into the intricate interaction between drugs/nanoparticles and tissues in vivo and allows for the evaluation of therapeutic intervention in a variety of tissues and organs. This interdisciplinary collaboration continues to drive the advancements of novel therapeutic strategies.
Richard's aventures in two entangled wonderlandsRichard Gill
Since the loophole-free Bell experiments of 2020 and the Nobel prizes in physics of 2022, critics of Bell's work have retreated to the fortress of super-determinism. Now, super-determinism is a derogatory word - it just means "determinism". Palmer, Hance and Hossenfelder argue that quantum mechanics and determinism are not incompatible, using a sophisticated mathematical construction based on a subtle thinning of allowed states and measurements in quantum mechanics, such that what is left appears to make Bell's argument fail, without altering the empirical predictions of quantum mechanics. I think however that it is a smoke screen, and the slogan "lost in math" comes to my mind. I will discuss some other recent disproofs of Bell's theorem using the language of causality based on causal graphs. Causal thinking is also central to law and justice. I will mention surprising connections to my work on serial killer nurse cases, in particular the Dutch case of Lucia de Berk and the current UK case of Lucy Letby.
Earliest Galaxies in the JADES Origins Field: Luminosity Function and Cosmic ...Sérgio Sacani
We characterize the earliest galaxy population in the JADES Origins Field (JOF), the deepest
imaging field observed with JWST. We make use of the ancillary Hubble optical images (5 filters
spanning 0.4−0.9µm) and novel JWST images with 14 filters spanning 0.8−5µm, including 7 mediumband filters, and reaching total exposure times of up to 46 hours per filter. We combine all our data
at > 2.3µm to construct an ultradeep image, reaching as deep as ≈ 31.4 AB mag in the stack and
30.3-31.0 AB mag (5σ, r = 0.1” circular aperture) in individual filters. We measure photometric
redshifts and use robust selection criteria to identify a sample of eight galaxy candidates at redshifts
z = 11.5 − 15. These objects show compact half-light radii of R1/2 ∼ 50 − 200pc, stellar masses of
M⋆ ∼ 107−108M⊙, and star-formation rates of SFR ∼ 0.1−1 M⊙ yr−1
. Our search finds no candidates
at 15 < z < 20, placing upper limits at these redshifts. We develop a forward modeling approach to
infer the properties of the evolving luminosity function without binning in redshift or luminosity that
marginalizes over the photometric redshift uncertainty of our candidate galaxies and incorporates the
impact of non-detections. We find a z = 12 luminosity function in good agreement with prior results,
and that the luminosity function normalization and UV luminosity density decline by a factor of ∼ 2.5
from z = 12 to z = 14. We discuss the possible implications of our results in the context of theoretical
models for evolution of the dark matter halo mass function.
Observation of Io’s Resurfacing via Plume Deposition Using Ground-based Adapt...Sérgio Sacani
Since volcanic activity was first discovered on Io from Voyager images in 1979, changes
on Io’s surface have been monitored from both spacecraft and ground-based telescopes.
Here, we present the highest spatial resolution images of Io ever obtained from a groundbased telescope. These images, acquired by the SHARK-VIS instrument on the Large
Binocular Telescope, show evidence of a major resurfacing event on Io’s trailing hemisphere. When compared to the most recent spacecraft images, the SHARK-VIS images
show that a plume deposit from a powerful eruption at Pillan Patera has covered part
of the long-lived Pele plume deposit. Although this type of resurfacing event may be common on Io, few have been detected due to the rarity of spacecraft visits and the previously low spatial resolution available from Earth-based telescopes. The SHARK-VIS instrument ushers in a new era of high resolution imaging of Io’s surface using adaptive
optics at visible wavelengths.
Nutraceutical market, scope and growth: Herbal drug technologyLokesh Patil
As consumer awareness of health and wellness rises, the nutraceutical market—which includes goods like functional meals, drinks, and dietary supplements that provide health advantages beyond basic nutrition—is growing significantly. As healthcare expenses rise, the population ages, and people want natural and preventative health solutions more and more, this industry is increasing quickly. Further driving market expansion are product formulation innovations and the use of cutting-edge technology for customized nutrition. With its worldwide reach, the nutraceutical industry is expected to keep growing and provide significant chances for research and investment in a number of categories, including vitamins, minerals, probiotics, and herbal supplements.
Lateral Ventricles.pdf very easy good diagrams comprehensive
Motion in a straigt line
1. MOTION IN A STRAIGT LINE
An object is said to be in motion when its position is continuously changing relative to a
reference point such as observer or a detection device.
Linear motion is a movement in a straight line.
Distance and displacement
Distance is physical quantity which specifies magnitude only.
Displacement is the physical quantity which specifies magnitude and direction.
Speed and velocity
Speed is the distance travelled per unit time.
Speed has magnitude only.
𝑠𝑝𝑒𝑒𝑑(𝑣) =
𝑑𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒(𝑑)
𝑡𝑖𝑚𝑒(𝑡)
𝑣 =
𝑑
𝑡
The S.I unit of speed is m/s
Velocity is the distance travelled in a specific direction per unit time.
𝑣𝑒𝑙𝑜𝑐𝑖𝑡𝑦(𝑣) =
𝑑𝑖𝑠𝑝𝑙𝑎𝑐𝑒𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡(𝑠)
𝑡𝑖𝑚𝑒(𝑡)
𝑣 =
𝑠
𝑡
The S.I unit of velocity is m/s
A body is said to move with uniform velocity if its rate of change of displacement with time is
constant.
Example 01.
An object travelled 20m to the right in 4s and then 12m to the left in 3m. for its total motion.
What its average speed and its average velocity.
Soln
Data given
Distance to the right (d1)=20m
Distanceto the left (d2)=12m
Total distance(d) =d1+d2=20m+12m=32m
Displacement to the right (s1)=20m
Displacement to the left (s2)=-12m
Total displacement(s) =s1+s2=20m+(-12m)=8m
2. Note: distance and time alwas is positive;
Total time(t)=4s+3s=7s
Formula
(a)Speed,v=d/t
(b )Velocity,v=s/t
Calculation
a). v =
32m
7s
= 4.57m/s
b) 𝑣 =
8𝑚
7𝑠
= 1.14𝑚/𝑠
Acceleration and deceleration/retadation
Acceleration is defined as the rate of change of velocity.
Deceleration/retardation is the negative rate of change of velocity.
Or
Is the negative acceleration.
𝑎𝑐𝑐𝑒𝑙𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛( 𝑎) =
𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑙 𝑣𝑒𝑙𝑜𝑐𝑖𝑡𝑦(𝑣) − 𝑖𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑎𝑙 𝑣𝑒𝑙𝑜𝑐𝑖𝑡𝑦(𝑢)
𝑡𝑖𝑚𝑒(𝑡)
𝑎 =
𝑣 − 𝑢
𝑡
𝑇ℎ𝑒 𝑆. 𝐼 𝑢𝑛𝑖𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝑎𝑐𝑐𝑒𝑙𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑖𝑠 m/𝑠2
Example 01
An object is initially moving at 15m/s to the right. Eight seconds later it is moving at 5m/s to
the left. During those eight seconds, what was the object’s acceleration?
Soln
Data given
Initial velocity(u)=15m/s
Final velocity(v)=-5m/s
Time taken(t)=8s
Required: acceleration(a)=?
Formula
𝑎 =
𝑣 − 𝑢
𝑡
3. Calculation
𝑎 =
−5 − 5
8
= −
20
8
= −2.5𝑚/𝑠2
Therefore the object’s acceleration is 2.5m/𝑠2
The negative sign indicates that the direction of acceleration was to the left;
Example 02
A car brakes and slows down from 20m/s to 5m/s in 3 seconds. What is the vehicle’s
acceleration?
Soln
Data given
Initial velocity(u)=20m/s
Final velocity(v)=5m/s
Time taken(t) =3s
Required: acceleration(a)=?
Formula
𝑎 =
𝑣 − 𝑢
𝑡
Calculation
𝑎 =
5 − 20
3
=
−15
3
= −5𝑚/𝑠2
This means the car decelerate or slows down by 5𝑚/𝑠2
Therefore its retardation is 5𝑚/𝑠2
Position-time graph
Graphs can be a useful method of presenting data alongside relationships between parameters
such as displacement, velocity acceleration and time.
Distance time graph
On a distance versus time graph, motion at a constant velocity is represented by a straight lines
and the slope of the line represents the velocity of the object.
distance
time