The document provides information about motion including key terms like displacement, distance, speed, velocity, and acceleration. It defines these terms and provides their standard units. Examples of distance-time graphs are shown and steps for constructing such graphs are outlined. Calculating speed from the slope of distance-time graphs and acceleration from speed-time graphs is also addressed.

1. Tuesday, 12 June 2012
It is a change in the position of an object
with respect to time.

2. Copy
Parameter Unit
Distance, d Meters, m
Time, t Seconds, s
Speed, vav Meters per second, ms-1
Displacement Meters, m
Velocity, v Meters per second, ms-1
Acceleration, a Meters per second per second,
ms-2

3. Copy
*Displacement is
a vector and so
must have a
distance value
and a direction.
*Distance just has
a value.

4. Copy
*Velocity is also a vector and so must
have a speed value and a direction.
direction
*Speed just has a value.

5. Copy
*How much the speed is changing
over time.
*Acceleration means speeding up,
deceleration or negative
acceleration is slowing down.

6. Copy
A journey from Dunedin to Christchurch
Time from start Distance from
(h) Dunedin (km)
0 0
1.5 100
Changing tyre 2.0 100
4.5 275
Eating lunch 5.0 275
6.0 360

7. Copy Draw a graph using this data.
When drawing graphs, follow these steps:
• Decide what data goes on the x-axis and what
data goes on the y-axis.
• Title your graph and label the axes, remember
to include units.
• Have even scales on your axes. (i.e. 1, 2, 3, 4 …
not 1, 2, 5, 8 …)
• Plot your points on the graph. Make sure to start
at 0.
• Connect points with a ruler for distance-time
and speed-time graphs.

8. Hopefully yours looks something like this:

9. You have to be able to
describe what is happening
in a distance-time graph…

10. Handout

11. 1. The vehicle covered 100km in the first
two hours.
2. The vehicle was stationary between 2
hours and 5 hours.
3. Between 5 hours and 8 hours the
vehicle covered a further 180 km.
4. Between 8 hours and 11 hours, the
vehicle was stationary.

12. When reading a stopwatch you see…
00:02:30.15
5. How would you say this time??
6. How many seconds in this time?
7. How many minutes in this time?

13. 1. Split into 2 groups.
2. Decide on 1 person to be each of the following:
• 3x Timekeepers
• 3x Recorders
• Runner
• Walker
3. On the field in the front of the school, each group will
measure out a track of 30m.
4. The runner and walker both position themselves at the
start. Both will set off at the same time.
5. One timekeeper is at the 10m mark, one at the 20m mark
and one at the 30m mark. Each time keeper times when the
runner and walker passes their mark .
6. Recorders will write down the times.

14. Copy
Time at Time at Time at Time at
0m (s) 10m (s) 20m (s) 30m (s)
Runner 0 2.40 3.00 5.00
Walker 0 6.00 12.00 19.00

15. Copy
*Speed measures distance
the distance v average =
travelled in a
given time.
time
d
v av =
d t
How to get kmh-1?
vav t Multiply ms-1 by 3.6
Eg. 100ms-1 x 3.6
= 360kmh-1

16. Copy
*We can use the slope
of a distance – time
graphs to find the
Rise
speed of an object.
*To do this the graph Slope =
line must be Run
straight.

17. Handout

18. Calculate the slope for each Car
* The average speed of Car A =
* The average speed of Car B =
* The average speed of Car C =

19. Copy
Time (h) Speedometer
Car A (kmh-1)
0 50
0.5 50
1.0 50
1.5 50
2.0 50
2.5 50
3.0 50
3.5 50
4.0 50

20. *Plot a speed – time graph using this
data for Car A.
Speed (kmh-1)
Time (s)

21. Copy
Speedometer Car B
(kmh-1)
80
80 • Just add
80 another
0 column to
0 the table you
0 have already
80
drawn.
80
80

22. *Just add the Car B data to the graph
you already have.
*You will need to make the Car B line
different to the Car A line.
*Use two colours or crosses and dots.

23. Speedometer Car C
(kmh-1)
0
10 • Just add
20 another
30
column to
the table you
40
have already
50
drawn.
60
70
80

24. *Just add the Car C data to the graph
you already have.
*You will need to make the Car C line
different to the Car A and Car B
lines.

25. Copy
* Acceleration is a measure
of how fast an object
changes it’s speed.
change in speed
Acceleration =
change in time
v av
vav a=
t
a t

26. Copy
Time (s) Speed Skier 1 Speed Skier 2
(ms-1) (ms-1)
0 0 0
1 5 10
2 10 20
3 15 30
4 20 40
5 25 50

27. *Plot a speed – time graph using this data.
*Plot the two skiers on the same axes.
*Draw a straight line of best fit for both skiers
(use a ruler).
Speed (ms-1)
time (s)

28. *Calculate the slope of the two skiers.
*How quickly was skier 1 accelerating?
*How quickly was skier 2 accelerating?

30. Aim of the experiment:
To measure how the height of a ramp affects the
speed of a marble covering 1m along flat ground.
Equipment:
•2x 1m rulers (one with a dip in it)
•Clamp stand
•Stopwatch
•Marble

31. Method:
Conduct this experiment in pairs (or groups of 3 max).
3.Measure a clamp stand so that it is 10cm above the
ground.
4.Place a ruler on the clamp stand. This will work as the
ramp.
5.At the end of the ramp (lying flat on the ground), place
the second ruler.
6.Let the marble travel down the ramp.
7.Start timing the marble when it hits the flat surface, and
time how long it takes to travel the 1m.
8.Repeat the experiment with the clamp at 10cm, so that
you have 3 times.
9.Repeat the experiment with the clamp at 20cm, 30cm
and 40cm. Make sure you have 3 times for each height.

32. Processing your data:
3.Average your times for each ramp height.
4.Draw a graph using the averages.
5.From your data, calculate the average speed of
the marble for each ramp height.
6.Calculate the acceleration of the marble for
each ramp height.

33. Copy
This is calculated from
speed-time graphs.
To do this, graphs need to
be split into squares or
rectangles or triangles.
Once you have split up your graph, use the formula
to find the area of each shape:
Square or rectangle = x-axis X y-axis [base X height]
Triangle = ½ X(x-axis X y-axis) [½ X base X height]

34. You may have more than one shape on a
graph.
When this happens, work out the area of
each shape separately and then add the
areas together.
Handouts x2 – Finding the Area under
Graphs and Distance from a speed-
time graph

36. Km
Hours