Morphology is the study of word structure and formation. It examines the smallest meaningful units called morphemes, which can be free or bound. Morphemes combine to form different types of words through processes like affixation, compounding, blending, ablaut, and abbreviations. Affixation adds prefixes or suffixes to roots to create new words. Compounding combines two or more free morphemes. Ablaut internally changes vowels to indicate grammatical functions. Morphology analyzes the classification and formation of words.

2. MORPHOLOGY

3. What is MORPHOLOGY?
Morphology is the branch of linguistics
that studies the structure of words.
Study of internal structure of words.

4. MORPHEME- smallest linguistic unit which
has a meaning or grammatical function.
ALLOMORPHS- morphemes having the
same function but different in form.
Example:
SINCERE/SINCERITY ,
SEVERE/SEVERITY,
CONFUSE/CONFUSION

5. CLASSIFICATION OF MORPHOLOGY
•Root- nucleus of the word that affixes attach to.
shout-ed, act-ion, care-ful, love-ly
•Affix- a bound morpheme which added to the root words.
Suffix- talk-ing, quick-ly, hope-ful, sad-ly, perform-ance
Prefix- un-happy, pre-existing, de-code, il-legal,mis-
place
Infix- s placed within a word; these are rare in English,
though cupful can be made plural as cupsful by inserting
the plural s as an infix.

7. MORPHOLOGICAL PROCESS

8. Morpheme-internal Changes: a type of word
formation process wherein a word changes
internally to indicate grammatical information.
ablaut: sing, sang, sung; swim, swam, swum
other changes: man, men; mouse, mice, goose,
geese

9. Suppletion: a relationship between forms of a word
wherein on form cannot be phonologically or
morphologically derived from the other, this process is
rare.
am - was; go –went
good - better; bad – worse

10. Kinds of Words according to
Morpheme Structure
2. Complex words
- root word + at least 1 affix.
-example:
worker, reread, retelling

11. Kinds of Words according to
Morpheme Structure
3. Compound words
- with 2 root words
- example:
ashtray, mailbox, lazybones,
backbone

12. FREE MORPHEMES
Content words/ Lexical
words
Function words/
Grammatical words
this group includes nouns,
verbs, adverbs and
adjectives
Examples: happy, run,
man, pizza, pretty, easy
this group includes
conjunctions, articles,
pronouns and prepositions
Examples: to, but, and,
that, there, first, often,
soon, none, all

13. 1. Affixation - which is forming new
words by the combination of bound
affixes and free morphemes.
There are three types of affixation:
A.Prefixation: where an affix is placed
before the base of the word

14. In Tagalog, a language of the
Philippines, for example, the infix ‘um’ is
used for infinitive forms of verbs (to
_______)
sulat ‘write’ sumulat ‘to write’
bili ‘buy’ bumili ‘to buy’
kuha ‘take’ kumuha ‘to take’

15. 2. Compounding - which is forming new words not from
bound affixes but from two or more independent words:
the words can be free morphemes, words derived by
affixation, or even words formed by compounds
themselves.
 e.g. girlfriend air-conditioner
 blackbird looking-glass
 textbook watchmaker

16. 4. Blending - where two words
merge into each other, such as:
brunch from breakfast and
lunch
smog from smoke and
fog

17. 5. Ablaut - it is a change in a
vowel that carries extra
meaning
Example:
sing-sang-sung

18. 6. Abbreviations
(several types)
Clipping : grad, math,
prof, dorm
Acronym: radar, AIDS

20. The End!