This document discusses the employee selection process. It covers the importance of selection and matching the right candidates to jobs. The selection process involves preliminary screening, reviewing applications and resumes, interviews, tests, and background checks. Interviews are a primary selection method but require structure and legal compliance to avoid biases. The goal is to select candidates most qualified for the job through valid and reliable screening methods.
This document discusses performance management and appraisal. It covers topics such as employee engagement, the importance of performance management, defining performance appraisal and its uses. It describes the performance appraisal process and factors like environmental considerations. It also discusses different performance appraisal methods, potential problems, characteristics of an effective system, legal implications and how culture can impact appraisals.
This document discusses various aspects of direct financial compensation. It begins by outlining learning objectives related to executive pay, forms of compensation, equity in compensation, and determinants of compensation. It then covers determinants like the organization, labor market, job, legislation, and individual employee factors. Various compensation methods are examined, including job evaluation techniques, pay grades, performance-based plans, and benefits. Executive pay and its regulation are also addressed.
This document discusses factors that determine pay rates, including various legal considerations and legislation. It outlines the main components of employee compensation as direct financial payments and indirect financial payments. The key steps in establishing pay rates are conducting a salary survey, performing job evaluation to group similar jobs into pay grades, pricing each grade, and fine-tuning rates. Job evaluation methods include ranking, classification, point method, and factor comparison. Legislation discussed includes the Minimum Wages Act, Payment of Wages Act, and Equal Remuneration Act in India as well as the Davis-Bacon Act, Walsh-Healey Act, Civil Rights Act, Fair Labor Standards Act, and Equal Pay Act in the US.
This document examines approaches to human resource management in the hotel industry of Barbados. It finds that Barbados hotels have adopted HR strategies and practices to a greater extent than UK hotels. Barbados hotels scored higher in recruitment/selection, training, job design, and communication. They also had higher integration of HR policies with business strategies and each other. The Barbados hotel industry emphasizes service quality and delivering excellent service through HR practices to support its tourism-based economy.
The document summarizes key topics related to indirect financial compensation (benefits) and nonfinancial compensation from Chapter 10 of a human resource management textbook. It defines benefits, legally required benefits like Social Security and workers' compensation, discretionary benefits including health insurance and retirement plans, and nonfinancial compensation factors like flexible work schedules and job content. Major health care legislation impacting benefits is also summarized, such as COBRA, HIPAA, and the Affordable Care Act.
This document discusses strategic recruitment and the recruitment process. It defines recruitment and outlines the key strategic recruiting components, sources of recruitment, stages of recruitment, and areas for measuring recruitment effectiveness. The goal is to strategically connect qualified candidates to job openings by understanding labor markets and making optimal recruitment decisions.
The document presents information on using the point method for job evaluation. It discusses how the point method works by breaking jobs down into factors that are assigned point values. The factors include skill, effort, responsibility, and job conditions. Jobs are evaluated and graded by adding up the total points for all factors. The point method provides a systematic and explainable way to determine the relative worth of jobs.
This document discusses performance management and appraisal. It covers topics such as employee engagement, the importance of performance management, defining performance appraisal and its uses. It describes the performance appraisal process and factors like environmental considerations. It also discusses different performance appraisal methods, potential problems, characteristics of an effective system, legal implications and how culture can impact appraisals.
This document discusses various aspects of direct financial compensation. It begins by outlining learning objectives related to executive pay, forms of compensation, equity in compensation, and determinants of compensation. It then covers determinants like the organization, labor market, job, legislation, and individual employee factors. Various compensation methods are examined, including job evaluation techniques, pay grades, performance-based plans, and benefits. Executive pay and its regulation are also addressed.
This document discusses factors that determine pay rates, including various legal considerations and legislation. It outlines the main components of employee compensation as direct financial payments and indirect financial payments. The key steps in establishing pay rates are conducting a salary survey, performing job evaluation to group similar jobs into pay grades, pricing each grade, and fine-tuning rates. Job evaluation methods include ranking, classification, point method, and factor comparison. Legislation discussed includes the Minimum Wages Act, Payment of Wages Act, and Equal Remuneration Act in India as well as the Davis-Bacon Act, Walsh-Healey Act, Civil Rights Act, Fair Labor Standards Act, and Equal Pay Act in the US.
This document examines approaches to human resource management in the hotel industry of Barbados. It finds that Barbados hotels have adopted HR strategies and practices to a greater extent than UK hotels. Barbados hotels scored higher in recruitment/selection, training, job design, and communication. They also had higher integration of HR policies with business strategies and each other. The Barbados hotel industry emphasizes service quality and delivering excellent service through HR practices to support its tourism-based economy.
The document summarizes key topics related to indirect financial compensation (benefits) and nonfinancial compensation from Chapter 10 of a human resource management textbook. It defines benefits, legally required benefits like Social Security and workers' compensation, discretionary benefits including health insurance and retirement plans, and nonfinancial compensation factors like flexible work schedules and job content. Major health care legislation impacting benefits is also summarized, such as COBRA, HIPAA, and the Affordable Care Act.
This document discusses strategic recruitment and the recruitment process. It defines recruitment and outlines the key strategic recruiting components, sources of recruitment, stages of recruitment, and areas for measuring recruitment effectiveness. The goal is to strategically connect qualified candidates to job openings by understanding labor markets and making optimal recruitment decisions.
The document presents information on using the point method for job evaluation. It discusses how the point method works by breaking jobs down into factors that are assigned point values. The factors include skill, effort, responsibility, and job conditions. Jobs are evaluated and graded by adding up the total points for all factors. The point method provides a systematic and explainable way to determine the relative worth of jobs.
This chapter discusses the importance of evaluating training programs and the process of planning and implementing effective training evaluations. There are several reasons to evaluate training, including demonstrating the measurable benefits of training investments and identifying ways to improve programs. Effective evaluations assess outcomes related to learning, transfer of skills to the job, and business results. Different evaluation designs have strengths and weaknesses depending on factors like whether comparisons are made to untreated groups. Calculating return on investment and conducting utility analysis can help determine the financial benefits of training programs.
The document discusses inputs in training and development programs. It lists the key inputs as skills, education, development, ethics, attitudinal changes, and literacy. Skills include soft skills, conceptual skills, and technical skills. Education involves teaching theoretical concepts to develop reasoning and judgment. Development provides knowledge in areas like business environment, management principles, specific industries. Ethics establishes principles to regulate employee conduct. Attitudinal changes can be challenging because employees may refuse change or lack sufficient information. Literacy involves proficiency in corporate language and business etiquettes.
This document discusses training and development in human resource management. It covers topics such as determining training needs, selecting training methods, and evaluating training programs. Specific training methods discussed include instructor-led training, e-learning, case studies, role playing, and on-the-job training. Factors that influence training and development include technological advances, the shortage of skilled workers, and the need for continuous learning. The document also explores trends like mobile learning and different delivery systems for training such as corporate universities, online education, and videoconferencing.
The survey summarizes participation data and feedback from the 2013 Business Cluster Survey. It provides strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, threats, and action items for each division: Human Resources, Research Administration, Business Operations, Purchasing/Procurement, Information Technology, Educational Technology, Facilities, Communications, and Infoporte. An overwhelming percentage of respondents agreed that staff in each division exhibited a "we are here to help" attitude. The document outlines ways to improve workflows, training, communication, and customer service across the business cluster.
The document discusses concepts related to job analysis, strategic planning, and human resource planning. It begins by outlining learning objectives covering topics like the importance of job analysis and disaster planning. It then provides details on conducting job analysis, including determining job requirements and developing job descriptions. The document also discusses using job analysis for legal compliance and strategic human resource planning. Finally, it covers strategic planning processes and challenges like managing worker surpluses or shortages through forecasting.
promotion plays key in development of an employee it is in the form of monetary and non monetary form. it gives motivation to the employee so that employee moves forward personally and as well professionally.
Behavioral theory – wage theories compensation management - Manu Melwin Joymanumelwin
Many behavioural scientists — notably psychologists and sociologists- like March and Simon, Robert Dubin, Eliot Jacques—have presented their views on wages and salaries on the basis of research studies and action programmes conducted by them.
This document discusses recruitment methods and sources. It begins by outlining learning objectives related to recruitment, including internal and external recruitment methods. It then discusses alternatives to recruitment like outsourcing. The recruitment process is described as attracting qualified candidates in a timely manner. Internal sources include job posting and referrals. External sources range from colleges to job boards. A variety of traditional methods are also outlined like advertising, agencies, and job fairs. The document stresses tailoring recruitment methods to the specific position and source. It concludes by discussing the trend of reshoring jobs back to the US.
This document discusses career development and employee retention. It describes how employers can support employee career needs through realistic jobs, career appraisals, and training. Career development improves engagement by showing employers care about careers. A comprehensive retention approach includes exit interviews, surveys, and stay interviews to understand reasons for turnover like lack of promotion, development, pay and work-life balance. Employers must decide on promotion criteria like seniority vs competence, and how to measure competence. Transfers can find better job fits.
This chapter discusses personnel planning and recruiting. It covers the recruitment and selection process, including forecasting personnel needs, determining internal and external candidate sources, and evaluating recruiting effectiveness. The key steps in recruitment are deciding what positions to fill, building a candidate pool through sources like referrals, screening applicants, selecting candidates through interviews, and making offers. Effective recruiting requires evaluating factors like the job market and legal compliance.
The document discusses building and maintaining a pay structure with grades and ranges. It provides guidance on key steps:
1) Identify multiple pay schedules to group labor markets and streamline the structure.
2) Determine pay grades by deciding the number of grades and job levels within each grade.
3) Develop pay ranges by setting the minimum, midpoint, and maximum for each grade using common differentials and spreads.
4) Assign positions to grades based on market pay and internal alignment. Maintain the structure by annually benchmarking grades and hot jobs against the market.
The document discusses the process of recruitment and selection in human resource management. It defines recruitment as the process of searching for prospective employees and stimulating them to apply for jobs in an organization. The key steps in recruitment include planning, strategy development, searching, screening, and evaluation. Selection is defined as the process of choosing from among applicants the best qualified individuals. The main steps in selection are application forms, pre-employment tests, interviews, decision making, medical examination, and reference checks. The goal is to identify the most suitable candidates through a systematic selection process.
Employee Testing and selection /Human Resource ManagementNeveenJamal
This document discusses employee testing and selection. It covers several key points:
1. It explains why employee selection is important for organizational performance, costs of recruiting and hiring, and legal obligations and liability. The goal is to achieve person-job and person-organization fit by matching candidates' skills to the job requirements.
2. It defines reliability as the consistency of test scores over time and validity as whether a test actually measures what it intends to measure.
3. It lists and describes the basic categories of selection tests, including cognitive abilities, physical abilities, personality/interests, and achievement tests, providing examples of each type. It also discusses work samples, simulations, and background checks.
The document discusses traditional and modern pay systems, as well as the process for establishing pay plans.
1. Traditional pay systems are based on cost of living, seniority, and evenly distributed wages. Modern pay systems emphasize variable pay based on business, individual, team and organizational performance.
2. Establishing effective pay plans involves analyzing factors like the job market, designing compensation to attract and retain talent, and linking pay to performance to optimize costs.
3. Regular evaluation and review of pay plans is needed to ensure plans stay aligned with business strategy and changing internal and external conditions.
This document discusses compensation strategies in India. It outlines three main models of compensation strategy: position based, person based, and performance based. For each model, it describes the key aspects, benefits, and pitfalls. It also discusses compensation practices that are common in India, such as maintaining a lower cost of labor compared to other countries and offering double digit salary increases. The conclusion recommends that a performance based model is best for motivating employees and controlling work activities.
Job Analysis – The Process And Its Usesrajeevgupta
Job analysis is a systematic process of gathering information about jobs within an organization. It involves studying the tasks, duties, responsibilities, required skills and qualifications for a specific job. The key purposes of job analysis include organizational planning, recruitment and selection, training, performance evaluation, and compensation management. It provides essential information for defining job requirements and standards. The main steps in job analysis are job identification, data collection through techniques like observation, interviews and questionnaires, and analyzing the collected data.
Training And Developing Employees - Human Resource ManagementFaHaD .H. NooR
Training and developing Current and New Employees, Human resource management regards training and development as a function concerned with organizational activity aimed at bettering the job performance of individuals and groups in organizational settings. Training and development can be described as "an educational process which involves the sharpening of skills, concepts, changing of attitude and gaining more knowledge to enhance the performance of employees".[1] The field has gone by several names, including "Human Resource Development", "Human Capital Development" and "Learning and Development".
Personnel Planning & Recruiting - Human Resource ManagementFaHaD .H. NooR
Personnel Planning & Recruiting Process
Define Human Resource Planning.
List the steps in the recruitment and selection process.
List and discuss the main outside sources of candidates.
Effectively recruit job candidates.
Name and describe the main internal sources of candidates.
Develop a help wanted ad.
Explain how to recruit a more diverse workforce.
Dessler ch 06-employee testing and selectionShamsil Arefin
This PowerPoint presentation summarizes key points from Chapter 6 of the 11th edition of the textbook "Human Resource Management" by Gary Dessler regarding employee testing and selection. The presentation covers the importance of reliable and valid testing, different types of tests including cognitive, personality and work sample tests, legal and ethical considerations of testing, and conducting background investigations and reference checks. The overall goal of the chapter is to explain how to properly utilize testing and other tools to select the right employees for jobs.
This document outlines steps to establish a hybrid parametric model for project selection and decision making in an organization. The model combines known methods with a weighted scoring approach. Key steps include: collecting project information; defining selection criteria and weights; constructing quantitative indicators; developing decision logic; implementing the model; evaluating results and providing feedback; and ongoing model controlling and improvement. The goal is to reduce biases while capturing important factors for value-maximizing project choices.
This document provides an overview of human resource management and selection processes. It discusses key aspects of staffing like manpower planning, recruitment, selection, placement and orientation. Selection techniques and processes at organizations like BRAC Bank are outlined, including screening applicants, written tests, interviews and making hiring decisions. Limitations of selection processes are noted around predicting future performance and potential for discrimination. The document aims to introduce concepts in human resource management and staffing.
This chapter discusses the importance of evaluating training programs and the process of planning and implementing effective training evaluations. There are several reasons to evaluate training, including demonstrating the measurable benefits of training investments and identifying ways to improve programs. Effective evaluations assess outcomes related to learning, transfer of skills to the job, and business results. Different evaluation designs have strengths and weaknesses depending on factors like whether comparisons are made to untreated groups. Calculating return on investment and conducting utility analysis can help determine the financial benefits of training programs.
The document discusses inputs in training and development programs. It lists the key inputs as skills, education, development, ethics, attitudinal changes, and literacy. Skills include soft skills, conceptual skills, and technical skills. Education involves teaching theoretical concepts to develop reasoning and judgment. Development provides knowledge in areas like business environment, management principles, specific industries. Ethics establishes principles to regulate employee conduct. Attitudinal changes can be challenging because employees may refuse change or lack sufficient information. Literacy involves proficiency in corporate language and business etiquettes.
This document discusses training and development in human resource management. It covers topics such as determining training needs, selecting training methods, and evaluating training programs. Specific training methods discussed include instructor-led training, e-learning, case studies, role playing, and on-the-job training. Factors that influence training and development include technological advances, the shortage of skilled workers, and the need for continuous learning. The document also explores trends like mobile learning and different delivery systems for training such as corporate universities, online education, and videoconferencing.
The survey summarizes participation data and feedback from the 2013 Business Cluster Survey. It provides strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, threats, and action items for each division: Human Resources, Research Administration, Business Operations, Purchasing/Procurement, Information Technology, Educational Technology, Facilities, Communications, and Infoporte. An overwhelming percentage of respondents agreed that staff in each division exhibited a "we are here to help" attitude. The document outlines ways to improve workflows, training, communication, and customer service across the business cluster.
The document discusses concepts related to job analysis, strategic planning, and human resource planning. It begins by outlining learning objectives covering topics like the importance of job analysis and disaster planning. It then provides details on conducting job analysis, including determining job requirements and developing job descriptions. The document also discusses using job analysis for legal compliance and strategic human resource planning. Finally, it covers strategic planning processes and challenges like managing worker surpluses or shortages through forecasting.
promotion plays key in development of an employee it is in the form of monetary and non monetary form. it gives motivation to the employee so that employee moves forward personally and as well professionally.
Behavioral theory – wage theories compensation management - Manu Melwin Joymanumelwin
Many behavioural scientists — notably psychologists and sociologists- like March and Simon, Robert Dubin, Eliot Jacques—have presented their views on wages and salaries on the basis of research studies and action programmes conducted by them.
This document discusses recruitment methods and sources. It begins by outlining learning objectives related to recruitment, including internal and external recruitment methods. It then discusses alternatives to recruitment like outsourcing. The recruitment process is described as attracting qualified candidates in a timely manner. Internal sources include job posting and referrals. External sources range from colleges to job boards. A variety of traditional methods are also outlined like advertising, agencies, and job fairs. The document stresses tailoring recruitment methods to the specific position and source. It concludes by discussing the trend of reshoring jobs back to the US.
This document discusses career development and employee retention. It describes how employers can support employee career needs through realistic jobs, career appraisals, and training. Career development improves engagement by showing employers care about careers. A comprehensive retention approach includes exit interviews, surveys, and stay interviews to understand reasons for turnover like lack of promotion, development, pay and work-life balance. Employers must decide on promotion criteria like seniority vs competence, and how to measure competence. Transfers can find better job fits.
This chapter discusses personnel planning and recruiting. It covers the recruitment and selection process, including forecasting personnel needs, determining internal and external candidate sources, and evaluating recruiting effectiveness. The key steps in recruitment are deciding what positions to fill, building a candidate pool through sources like referrals, screening applicants, selecting candidates through interviews, and making offers. Effective recruiting requires evaluating factors like the job market and legal compliance.
The document discusses building and maintaining a pay structure with grades and ranges. It provides guidance on key steps:
1) Identify multiple pay schedules to group labor markets and streamline the structure.
2) Determine pay grades by deciding the number of grades and job levels within each grade.
3) Develop pay ranges by setting the minimum, midpoint, and maximum for each grade using common differentials and spreads.
4) Assign positions to grades based on market pay and internal alignment. Maintain the structure by annually benchmarking grades and hot jobs against the market.
The document discusses the process of recruitment and selection in human resource management. It defines recruitment as the process of searching for prospective employees and stimulating them to apply for jobs in an organization. The key steps in recruitment include planning, strategy development, searching, screening, and evaluation. Selection is defined as the process of choosing from among applicants the best qualified individuals. The main steps in selection are application forms, pre-employment tests, interviews, decision making, medical examination, and reference checks. The goal is to identify the most suitable candidates through a systematic selection process.
Employee Testing and selection /Human Resource ManagementNeveenJamal
This document discusses employee testing and selection. It covers several key points:
1. It explains why employee selection is important for organizational performance, costs of recruiting and hiring, and legal obligations and liability. The goal is to achieve person-job and person-organization fit by matching candidates' skills to the job requirements.
2. It defines reliability as the consistency of test scores over time and validity as whether a test actually measures what it intends to measure.
3. It lists and describes the basic categories of selection tests, including cognitive abilities, physical abilities, personality/interests, and achievement tests, providing examples of each type. It also discusses work samples, simulations, and background checks.
The document discusses traditional and modern pay systems, as well as the process for establishing pay plans.
1. Traditional pay systems are based on cost of living, seniority, and evenly distributed wages. Modern pay systems emphasize variable pay based on business, individual, team and organizational performance.
2. Establishing effective pay plans involves analyzing factors like the job market, designing compensation to attract and retain talent, and linking pay to performance to optimize costs.
3. Regular evaluation and review of pay plans is needed to ensure plans stay aligned with business strategy and changing internal and external conditions.
This document discusses compensation strategies in India. It outlines three main models of compensation strategy: position based, person based, and performance based. For each model, it describes the key aspects, benefits, and pitfalls. It also discusses compensation practices that are common in India, such as maintaining a lower cost of labor compared to other countries and offering double digit salary increases. The conclusion recommends that a performance based model is best for motivating employees and controlling work activities.
Job Analysis – The Process And Its Usesrajeevgupta
Job analysis is a systematic process of gathering information about jobs within an organization. It involves studying the tasks, duties, responsibilities, required skills and qualifications for a specific job. The key purposes of job analysis include organizational planning, recruitment and selection, training, performance evaluation, and compensation management. It provides essential information for defining job requirements and standards. The main steps in job analysis are job identification, data collection through techniques like observation, interviews and questionnaires, and analyzing the collected data.
Training And Developing Employees - Human Resource ManagementFaHaD .H. NooR
Training and developing Current and New Employees, Human resource management regards training and development as a function concerned with organizational activity aimed at bettering the job performance of individuals and groups in organizational settings. Training and development can be described as "an educational process which involves the sharpening of skills, concepts, changing of attitude and gaining more knowledge to enhance the performance of employees".[1] The field has gone by several names, including "Human Resource Development", "Human Capital Development" and "Learning and Development".
Personnel Planning & Recruiting - Human Resource ManagementFaHaD .H. NooR
Personnel Planning & Recruiting Process
Define Human Resource Planning.
List the steps in the recruitment and selection process.
List and discuss the main outside sources of candidates.
Effectively recruit job candidates.
Name and describe the main internal sources of candidates.
Develop a help wanted ad.
Explain how to recruit a more diverse workforce.
Dessler ch 06-employee testing and selectionShamsil Arefin
This PowerPoint presentation summarizes key points from Chapter 6 of the 11th edition of the textbook "Human Resource Management" by Gary Dessler regarding employee testing and selection. The presentation covers the importance of reliable and valid testing, different types of tests including cognitive, personality and work sample tests, legal and ethical considerations of testing, and conducting background investigations and reference checks. The overall goal of the chapter is to explain how to properly utilize testing and other tools to select the right employees for jobs.
This document outlines steps to establish a hybrid parametric model for project selection and decision making in an organization. The model combines known methods with a weighted scoring approach. Key steps include: collecting project information; defining selection criteria and weights; constructing quantitative indicators; developing decision logic; implementing the model; evaluating results and providing feedback; and ongoing model controlling and improvement. The goal is to reduce biases while capturing important factors for value-maximizing project choices.
This document provides an overview of human resource management and selection processes. It discusses key aspects of staffing like manpower planning, recruitment, selection, placement and orientation. Selection techniques and processes at organizations like BRAC Bank are outlined, including screening applicants, written tests, interviews and making hiring decisions. Limitations of selection processes are noted around predicting future performance and potential for discrimination. The document aims to introduce concepts in human resource management and staffing.
This document discusses applicant perspectives and outcomes in recruitment and selection. It explores four main themes: candidate reactions to different selection methods, attribution theory and research in selection, organizational justice, and applicant decision-making. Selection methods like interviews, work samples, and assessment centers tend to be viewed more favorably by candidates compared to personality tests or cognitive ability tests. Models of applicant reactions emphasize factors like perceived job relevance, fairness, and transparency of the selection process. Attribution theory also plays a role, as candidates will attribute selection outcomes to internal or external causes like personality versus situational factors.
This document discusses model selection and tuning at scale using large datasets. It describes using different percentages of a 1TB Criteo click-through dataset to test and tune gradient boosted trees (GBTs) and other models. Testing on small slices found GBT performed best. Tuning GBT on larger slices up to 10% of the data showed tree depth should increase logarithmically with data size. Online learning with VW was also efficient, needing minimal tuning. The document cautions that true model selection and tuning at scale involves starting with larger data samples than GBs to avoid extrapolating from small data.
Part of a lecture series on fundamental project management concepts, the lecture presents an overview of project selection methods: scoring,benefit contribution, and economic models.
group presentaion on 17 sept 2012 at karachi university subject Humen resource managment........ Hassan Khokher,Muhammad Waqas Rafiq,Muhamad waqas Raza.Waqar Ahmed.Husnain.......
Understand and Differentiate between strategic recruitment and selection.
Identify the dual goals of recruiting.
Comprehend recruitment process from organizational as well as individual perspective.
Identify what strategic decisions are involved in recruiting.
Explain the major recruitment methods and analyze their advantages and disadvantages.
Identify the basic selection criteria.
Design and administer an effective selection process.
Evaluate the three methods e.g., information gathering, tests and interviewing used in employee selection.
Appreciate varied contemporary interviewing techniques used by interviewers.
Design interview form and evaluation matrix.
The document discusses the strategic importance of selection and describes the typical selection process, including preliminary applicant screening, selection testing, interviews, background checks, supervisor interviews, and making the final hiring decision. It emphasizes that selection involves choosing applicants who are the best fit for the job based on valid and reliable selection criteria to maximize organizational performance and avoid costly legal issues from inappropriate decisions.
This document discusses strategic human resource management practices for selective recruitment and selection. It covers developing the right fit between employees and organizations through recruitment, realistic job previews, and a diverse selection process. The recruitment process involves internal and external sources while selection uses interviews, tests, and validating techniques to obtain reliable and valid information to measure applicant attributes. The goal is an optimal alignment of individual employees with employers to increase long-term organizational success.
This document provides an overview of key topics in human resource management including the HRM process, identifying and selecting employees, providing skills and knowledge training, performance management, compensation and benefits, and contemporary issues. Specifically, it discusses job analysis and different selection methods, types of training and delivery methods, performance appraisal techniques, factors influencing compensation, and managing topics like downsizing, diversity, and work-life balance.
This document summarizes key topics in human resource management including the strategic HR process, legal environment, employment planning, recruitment and selection, training, performance management, compensation and benefits, workforce diversity, and labor relations. Specific techniques are discussed such as job analysis, selection devices, orientation, common training methods, performance appraisal methods, and addressing issues like sexual harassment and workplace violence. Government regulations that influence HR decisions and global considerations are also addressed.
Employee Testing & Selection- Function of HRMSivaKumar808637
This document discusses employee testing and selection methods used by employers. It covers the importance of careful selection to ensure organizational performance and avoid legal issues. Employers use various tests and investigations to evaluate applicants, including cognitive tests, personality tests, skills tests, background checks, and reference checks. The goal is to select the most qualified candidates by validating tests, measuring job-relevant criteria, and verifying applicant information. Tests must balance reliability, validity, and legal privacy obligations.
The document discusses various aspects of the recruitment and selection process. It begins by describing Jaguar Land Rover's recruitment of 600 engineers and other technical staff. It then covers factors that affect recruitment, sources of recruitment both internal and external. The document also discusses the selection process including application forms, tests, interviews and evaluation. It emphasizes that selecting the right candidate and rejecting the wrong ones is the objective of selection.
The document discusses various aspects of the recruitment and selection process. It describes Jaguar Land Rover's recruitment of 600 engineers for a 700 million pound project. It also discusses factors affecting recruitment like organizational needs and external environment. The recruitment process involves identifying requirements, choosing resources, and implementing programs. Selection methods are evaluated based on reliability, validity, generalizability and utility. Application forms, interviews, tests and medical examinations are common selection tools. Placement of selected candidates in suitable jobs is also mentioned.
The document summarizes the key elements of the personnel selection process. It discusses gathering background information on candidates, using tools like application forms, tests, interviews, and background checks. Selection methods must be valid, reliable, legal and non-discriminatory. The goal is to identify candidates that are the best fit for the job based on their abilities, skills, and motivation.
Strategic human resource management involves designing HR systems that are consistent with the organization's strategy and goals. It includes recruitment and selection, training, performance evaluation, compensation and benefits, and labor relations. The goal is to attract and retain skilled employees to help the organization succeed. HR planning forecasts needs and availability of human resources. Training and development help employees perform jobs effectively now and in the future. Performance evaluations provide feedback to improve employee performance. Compensation and benefits reward and motivate employees. Labor relations involve negotiating with unions to resolve issues.
The document discusses recruitment strategies and processes. It explains that recruitment involves identifying job openings and attracting qualified applicants. It discusses recruiting internally through job postings and skills inventories, as well as externally through methods like job fairs and advertising. The document also addresses developing employer branding, application forms, diversifying hiring to attract different groups, and strategies for recruiting temporary or contract workers.
[Merit trac webinar] - it is assessments that cause improvementMeritTracSvc
The concept of having an outcomes-based approach and having a strong theory of alignment all the way down to individual learning activities helps facilitate the use of assessment data.
This document provides an overview of a program that teaches competency-based interviewing techniques and hiring decisions. The program teaches participants how to identify job competencies, generate competency-based interview questions, conduct mock interviews, evaluate evidence of candidates' competencies, and make informed hiring decisions. The goal is to help organizations hire the right candidates through an objective, transparent recruitment process. The program benefits include more consistent hiring, reduced turnover, legal protection, and improved cooperation in hiring.
This document provides an overview of human resource management training. It includes an agenda covering HR management, planning, recruitment, selection, training and development, and performance management. There are sections on manpower planning, recruitment techniques and sources, selection tests including cognitive ability tests and interviews, training needs analysis, competency assessment, and performance appraisal. Diagrams illustrate the HR management cycle and how HR strategy links to business strategy and results. Evaluation of training and addressing bias in performance appraisal are also discussed. The document aims to provide fundamental information on key areas of HR management.
Human resource planning ensures an organization has the right number and type of employees with the necessary skills at the right time and place to achieve its strategic objectives. It is linked to the organization's overall strategy, mission and goals. Job analysis defines job duties and requirements and is used for recruitment, performance reviews, compensation, and training. Selection involves differentiating applicants to identify those most likely to succeed through tools like testing, interviews and background checks. New employees are onboarded through orientation to introduce them to their roles and the organization.
Best Way to Prepare for HRCI PHRi Certification Exam.pdfMeghna Arora
Click Here---> https://bit.ly/44NvDBO <---Get complete detail on PHRi exam guide to crack HR Professional in Human Resources - International. You can collect all information on PHRi tutorial, practice test, books, study material, exam questions, and syllabus. Firm your knowledge on HR Professional in Human Resources - International and get ready to crack PHRi certification. Explore all information on PHRi exam with number of questions, passing percentage and time duration to complete test.
Generating a great Applicant Pool And selecting the best candidate who is a perfect job fit and organisational fit as well is a challenging task. get back to the basics and understand where you are going wrong !
Chapter 9 (11) hiring, training and evaluationg employees.pptxMuhammadUsmanQasim2
The document discusses key aspects of human resource management including the importance of HRM, the HRM process, and managing human resources. It covers selecting employees through forecasting needs, job analysis, recruitment, and selection tools. Selection decisions and outcomes are examined. Employee training methods like orientation, education, and performance management are also summarized. Contemporary issues managing downsizing, diversity, and work-life balance are briefly covered.
Human resource management involves four key activities: staffing, training, motivation, and maintenance. It aims to recruit qualified employees, develop their skills, motivate them, and ensure workplace health and safety. HRM functions include acquisition, development, motivation, and maintenance of employees. It is influenced by internal corporate strategies and external factors like government regulations, technology changes, and economic conditions. Strategic HRM links human resource goals to organizational strategies through job analysis, planning, recruitment, selection, and development of employees.
A recruiting strategy is formal plan of action involving an organization's attempts to successfully identify, recruit, and hire high-quality candidates for the purpose of filling its open positions.
RECRUITMENT & SELECTION FOR BUSINESS AND ORGANIZATIONSHappyVanesa
This document covers the recruitment and selection process, including forecasting labor supply and demand, the need for effective recruiting, sources of candidates, diversity in recruiting, selection methods, and background investigations. Key topics include the five steps of recruitment, using internal and external candidates, advertising, testing concepts like reliability and validity, legal issues surrounding testing and investigations, and ensuring ethical practices.
This document provides an overview of global human resource management. It discusses topics such as the evolution of global business, global staffing approaches, compensation for expatriates and host country nationals, global human resource development, safety and health, and legal/political factors. The objectives are to describe the impact of globalization on HR and explain considerations related to areas like staffing, development, compensation and labor relations from a worldwide perspective.
This chapter discusses internal employee relations and managing employee movement within an organization. It covers topics like discipline, termination, downsizing, transfers, promotions, resignations, and retirement. It describes the importance of retention and defines internal employee relations as HR activities associated with employee movement after joining. It explains the concept of employment-at-will and exceptions to it. It also discusses approaches to disciplinary action, the disciplinary process, terminations, demotions, downsizing, alternative dispute resolution, and the challenges of administering discipline globally.
This document provides an overview of Chapter 12 from a human resource management textbook on labor unions and collective bargaining. It covers key topics such as project labor agreements, reasons why employees join unions, union growth strategies, laws affecting collective bargaining, the collective bargaining process, preparing for and conducting negotiations, potential issues that can arise, and administering collective bargaining agreements. The chapter objectives are to describe these various concepts and processes related to unions and collective bargaining.
This document discusses topics related to maintaining a safe and healthy work environment. It covers resilience training, the role of the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) in ensuring workplace safety, common workplace injuries and how to prevent them through ergonomics programs. Other topics include workplace violence, domestic violence, workplace bullying, and stress management through wellness programs. The overall goal is to educate about maintaining workplace safety and health.
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This document summarizes the key topics and learning objectives covered in Chapter 2 of the 13th edition of the textbook "Human Resource Management". The chapter discusses business ethics and corporate social responsibility. It covers defining ethics and sources of ethical guidance, legislating ethics through various acts, creating an ethical culture and code of ethics, the importance of ethics training, and defining and approaches to corporate social responsibility including sustainability and social audits. It also notes challenges to corporate social responsibility succeeding globally.
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Biometrics deal with a variety of traits that are not subject to change, including fingerprints, palm prints, facial features, DNA, retinas, irises, odors, rhythm, gait, and voice. It can be used in any situation requiring accurate identification of an individual. For example, iris-pattern and retina-pattern authentication methods are being used in some bank automatic teller machines. Voice wave recognition is being used to grant access to proprietary databanks in research facilities. Facial-recognition technology has been used by law enforcement to pick out individuals in large crowds with considerable accuracy. Palm prints are being used to provide physical access to buildings.
Some believe that such data bases would create privacy and security risk. However, databases in the federal government already have significant data on each of us such as Social Security, IRS, and passports. Ultimately HR would likely be responsible for collecting and storing this vast amount of data as part of the employment process.
Selection is the process of choosing the individual best suited for a particular position and the organization.
If individuals are over- or under-qualified, or do not fit the job or the organization’s culture, they will be ineffective and probably leave the firm, voluntarily or otherwise. There are many ways to improve productivity, but none is more powerful than making the right hiring decision.
Many companies would rather go short and work overtime rather than hire one bad apple. If a firm hires many bad apples, it cannot be successful for long even if it has perfect plans, a sound organizational structure, and finely tuned control systems. Competent people must be available to ensure the attainment of organizational goals. Today, with many firms having access to the same technology, people make the real difference.
A consistent selection process cannot always be used because of environmental factors.
The selection process affects, and is affected by, virtually every other HR function. For example, if the compensation package is inferior to those provided by competitors, hiring the best-qualified applicants will be difficult or impossible to achieve. The same situation applies if the firm’s safety and health record is substandard or if the firm has a reputation for providing minimal training. Certainly, if marginal workers are hired, additional training will be needed to get them qualified.
Legal matters play a significant role in HR management because of legislation, executive orders, and court decisions. Although the basic purpose of selection is to determine candidates’ eligibility for employment, it is also essential for organizations to maintain nondiscriminatory practices. The guiding principles in determining what information to get from an applicant are: why am I asking this question and why do I want to know this information? If the information is job-related, usually asking for the information is appropriate.
The time available to make the selection decision can also have a major effect on the selection process. Conditions also can impact the needed speed of decision making. Suppose, for instance, that the only two quality-control inspectors on a production line just had a fight and both resigned, and the firm cannot operate until the positions are filled. In this situation, speed is crucial, and a few phone calls, two brief interviews, and a prayer may constitute the entire selection procedure. On the other hand, conducting a national search to select a chief executive officer may take months or even a year. In bureaucracies, it is not uncommon for the selection process to take a considerable amount of time.
Organizations usually take different approaches to filling positions at varying levels. For instance, consider the differences in hiring a chief executive officer versus filling a clerical position. Extensive background checks and multiple interviews would most likely apply for the executive position. On the other hand, an applicant for a clerical position would probably take a word-processing test and perhaps have just a few, short interviews.
The applicant pool represents the number of qualified applicants recruited for a particular job. The number of people actually hired for a particular job compared to the number of individuals in the applicant pool is often expressed as a selection ratio.
A selection ratio of 1.00 indicates that there was only one qualified applicant for an open position. The lower the ratio falls below 1.00, the more alternatives the manager has in making a selection decision. For example, a selection ratio of 0.10 indicates that there were 10 qualified applicants for an open position.
The type of organization doing the hiring also influences the selection process. Private-sector businesses tend to be profit-oriented and hire people from the labor market with a private-sector background. On the other hand, government civil service systems typically identify qualified applicants only through competitive examinations. Finally, not-for-profit organizations confront a situation where salaries are considerably lower, so candidates must be dedicated to this type of work and to the particular organization.
The purpose of a probationary period is to establish the suitability of a new employee for the role and to resolve any issues about the new employee’s performance over the first three months or so. From a legal viewpoint, the use of a probationary period in the selection process is justified only if it is related to performing the job’s duties.
Organizational fit refers to management’s perception of the degree to which the prospective employee will fit in with the firm’s culture or value system. There are numerous reasons that a new hire does not work out but none is as important as cultural fit. Knowledge and skill are important but the most lasting component of the employment relationship is cultural match. The commonly heard statement “the chemistry was just not right” may describe a poor fit. In order to hire employees who are a good fit, organization members need to know what makes their culture unique. Then these unique features can be used to let the interviewee know what type of environment exists.
The general purpose of the selection process is to determine if the applicant is qualified, to educate the candidate, and to assess his or her cultural fit. The figure illustrates a generalized selection process but it may vary from organization to organization and also according to the type job being filled. It typically begins with preliminary screening. Next, applicants complete the firm’s application for employment or provide a résumé. Then they progress through a series of selection tests, one or more employment interviews, and pre-employment screening, including background and reference checks. The hiring manager then offers the successful applicant a job, subject to successful completion of a medical examination. Notice that an applicant may be rejected or opt out at any time during the selection process. To a point, the more screening tools used to assess an applicant, the greater the chance of making a good selection decision.
An applicant tracking system (ATS), also called a talent management system, is a software application designed to help an enterprise select employees more efficiently. Current ATSs permit human resource and line managers to oversee the entire selection process. They often involve screening résumés and spotting qualified candidates, conducting personality and skills tests, and handling background investigations. They allow companies to compile job applications electronically, to more quickly gather candidates, set up interviews, and get new hires on board. An ATS can be used to post job openings on a corporate Web site or job board and generate interview requests to potential candidates by e-mail. Other features may include individual applicant tracking, requisition tracking, automated résumé ranking, customized input forms, prescreening questions and response tracking, and multilingual capabilities. ATSs are used extensively to help ease the labor-intensive process of sorting résumés from online job boards. In most cases, the goal is not merely to reduce costs but also to speed up the hiring process and find people who fit an organization’s success profile.
The purpose of candidate relationship management (CRM) is to help manage potential and actual applicants in an organized manner. CRM can be used to send job postings and job descriptions to job boards and other sites. It has the capability to search the Internet, including social media sites, for resumes, and then adds and catalogues resumes and other information to the database. CRMs have the ability to link with other ATS and any web site. CRM systems permit candidates to get to know more about the company and allow the company to get to know more about the candidate.
Preliminary screening is the process of eliminating clearly unqualified job applicants early in the selection process. A benefit of the screening process is that there may be positions in the firm for which a prospective employee is better suited and can be encouraged to apply for instead.
The specific information requested on an application form may vary from firm to firm, but typically includes name, address, military service, education, and work history. Managers compare the information contained in a completed application to the job description to determine whether a potential match exists between the firm’s requirements and the applicant’s qualifications. Several preprinted statements are usually included on the application form.
First, by signing the form, the applicant certifies that all the information provided on the form is accurate and true.
Second, when not prohibited by state law, the form should also indicate that the position is employment at will and that either the employer or the employee can terminate employment at any time for any reason.
Finally, the form should contain a statement whereby the candidate gives permission to have his or her background and references checked.
A résumé is a goal-directed summary of a person’s experience, education, and training developed for use in the selection process.
Professional and managerial applicants often begin the selection process by submitting a résumé. Only information necessary to show a relationship to the objective should be included. The all-important concept of relevancy is crucial in selling the applicant to the company. A new trend that has evolved over time is that the content of the résumé is more important than fitting your entire career onto one page. Historically, a one page résumé was the standard that applicants were told to use.
Most large companies now use applicant-tracking systems that scan or save résumés into databases, search the databases, and rank the résumés according to the number of resulting “hits” they receive. Because of this trend, job applicants should make their résumés as computer friendly as possible by writing in a keyword résumé style.
Keywords are the job-related words or phrases that are used to search databases for résumés that match. The keywords are often job titles, skills, or areas of expertise related to the position.
A keyword résumé contains an adequate description of the job seeker’s characteristics and industry-specific experience in order to accommodate the computer search process.
Basically, LinkedIn is an online social network for professionals. Unlike Facebook, LinkedIn members tend to go to the site for very specific reasons such as to connect with those who can help them grow professionally or help their business grow. It may also be valuable in finding a job by letting employers know about a person’s skills and background through the LinkedIn profile. As of March 2012, LinkedIn has more than 161 million members in the world who have created free online profiles about themselves, and the number is seemingly growing daily. The profile typically contains the member’s current occupation and employer, contact information, education, job history, skills, and other details. Members can post updates about their professional activities, such as speaking schedules or conventions attended. Through LinkedIn, a professional portrait can be developed, which is critical for any job seeker, either active or passive. Members can post favorable references from friends or business associates. LinkedIn provides social networking from a professional aspect.
Research indicates that customized selection tests can be a reliable and accurate way to predict on-the-job performance. Organizations use tests to identify attitudes and job-related skills that interviews cannot reliably recognize. The cost of employment testing is relatively small, and this is often an efficient way to get at information that leads to better-qualified people being hired.
Job performance depends on an individual’s ability and motivation to do the work. Selection tests may accurately predict an applicant’s ability to perform the job, but are less successful in predicting what the individual will actually do when on the job. Another potential problem is that applicants with test anxiety may have their true abilities underestimated. Finally, when a test excludes a protected class of applicants at a significant rate, these applicants may have grounds for filing a discrimination lawsuit under federal employment laws. These tests should be avoided unless the employer can show that the test is job related for the position and consistent with business necessity.
Properly designed selection tests have a number of important characteristics.
First, standardization is the uniformity of the procedures and conditions related to administering tests. In order to compare the performance of several applicants on the same test, it is necessary for everyone to take the test under conditions that are as identical as possible.
Second, objectivity in testing occurs when everyone scoring a test obtains the same results. Multiple-choice and true–false tests are usually objective if there is one clearly correct answer.
A norm is a frame of reference for comparing an applicant’s performance with that of others. A norm reflects the distribution of many scores obtained by people similar to the applicant being tested.
Reliability is the extent to which a selection test provides consistent results. If a test has low reliability, its validity as a predictor will also be low. However, the existence of reliability alone does not guarantee the test’s validity, which is a basic requirement for a selection test.
Validity is the extent to which a test measures what it claims to measure. In addition, what the test measures must be related to the job, because if a test cannot indicate ability to perform the job, it has no value.
An example of the difference between reliability and validity can be illustrated as follows: If a person weighs 200 pounds but the scale shows a wide difference, such as 150, 295, and 340, the scale is not reliable. If the scale consistently reads “100” and you weigh 200 pounds, then it is reliable, but not valid. If it reads “200” each time, then the measurement is both reliable and valid.
There are a number of ways that selection test can be validated.
Criterion-related validity compares the scores on the selection test to some aspect of job performance by a representative sample of others who have taken the test. Performance measures might include the quantity and quality of work. A close relationship between the score on the test and job performance suggests that the test is valid.
Content validity is measuring whether a person can perform certain tasks required by the job or has relevant job knowledge. An example of the use of content validity is giving a word processing test to an applicant whose primary job would be inputting text on the computer.
Construct validity has to do with whether a test measures qualities or traits that job analysis finds to be important in performing a job. For instance, a job may require a high degree of creativity or reasoning ability. However, it should be stressed that construct validity by itself is not a primary method for validating selection tests.
Concurrent validity is determined when test scores and criterion data are obtained at the same time; for instance, administering the test to all currently employed telemarketers and comparing the results with company records about each employee’s job performance. If the test is able to identify productive and less-productive workers, one could say that it is valid. A potential problem in using this validation procedure results from changes that may have occurred within the work group, such as less-productive workers being fired or more-productive employees being promoted out of the group.
Predictive validity involves administering a test and later obtaining the criterion information. For instance, all applicants take the test, but the firm uses other selection criteria, not the test results, to make the selection decision. After observing employee performance over time, the company analyzes test results to determine whether they differentiate successful and less-successful employees. Predictive validity is a technically sound procedure, but is often not feasible because of the time and cost involved.
Employment tests are also designed to measure individual differences related to job performance. These differences can relate to cognitive and physical abilities, as well as to job knowledge and personality.
Cognitive aptitude tests are forms of IQ tests that measure general reasoning ability, memory, vocabulary, verbal fluency, and math skills. Cognitive aptitude tests are a form of IQ tests. They may be helpful in identifying job candidates who have extensive knowledge bases. As the content of jobs becomes broader and more fluid, employees must be able to adapt quickly to job changes and rapid technological advances. It is likely that testing will be necessary to match the broader range of characteristics required for successful performance of these flexible jobs. The NFL uses the Wonderlic Personnel Test which is designed as a way to measure cognitive ability, the applicant’s natural aptitude for learning new information.
Psychomotor abilities test measure strength, coordination, and dexterity required to perform complex, physical jobs. Miniaturization in assembly operations has accelerated the development of tests to determine these abilities. Much of this work is so delicate that magnifying lenses are necessary, and the psychomotor abilities required to perform the tasks are critical.
Job-knowledge tests measure a candidate’s general knowledge of the duties of the job for which he or she is applying. While such tests are commercially available, individual firms may design them based on data derived from a specific job analysis.
Work-sample tests require an applicant to perform a task representative of the job. An example for s position that requires the use of spreadsheets is having the applicant construct a sample spreadsheet from data the firm provides.
Vocational interest tests indicate the occupations a person is most interested in and that will likely provide satisfaction. However, having interest in a job and being able to effectively perform it may not be the same. For example, a person may be interested in becoming a brain surgeon, but may not possess the aptitude for it.
Personality tests are self-reported measures of traits, temperaments, or dispositions. Personality tests do not measure ability or specific problem-solving skills.
These questionnaires tap into softer areas, such as leadership, teamwork, and personal assertiveness, which may be indicators of fit or effectiveness in the organization.
In sales jobs, personality tests are usually more reliable than the information provided by interviews and résumé. Salespeople possess certain traits that distinguish them perhaps explaining why some can survive in the competitive world of sales, and why others struggle.
Most large companies now use psychometric testing to identify future managers. These individuals are being assessed for their ability to bring about long-term change and their ability to handle day-to-day management tasks.
Integrity tests were the first personality tests used in pre-employment screening. Employers have used them to measure candidates’ attitudes toward theft, dishonesty, absenteeism, violence, drug use, alcohol abuse and other counterproductive behaviors.
Organizations are increasingly using online assessments to test various skills required by applicants. More companies want assessments that can be given directly on their web-based career centers with the results funneled to an applicant tracking system. Some of these tests evaluate the technical skill levels of job applicants.
An assessment center is a selection approach that requires individuals to perform activities similar to those of the actual job. This is one of the most powerful tools for assessing managerial talent because it uses realistic simulations such as in-basket exercises, leaderless discussion groups, and mock interviews. Professional assessors evaluate the candidates’ skills in prioritizing, delegating, resolving conflict, and decision making.
Genetic Testing is performed to identify predisposition to inherited diseases, including cancer, heart disease, neurological disorders, and congenital diseases.
The EEOC has issued guidelines stating that healthy individuals with a genetic predisposition to a disease, and thus perceived as disabled, are protected by the Americans with Disabilities Act. The Genetic Information Nondiscrimination Act of 2008 is designed to prohibit the improper use of genetic information in health insurance and employment.
The use of handwriting analysis for selection is not viewed favorably in the United States. In Europe, however, it is estimated that 85 percent of employers use graphoanalysis to help screen and place job applicants.
For many years, another means used to verify background information was the polygraph, or lie-detector test. One purpose of the polygraph was to confirm or refute the information contained in a candidate’s application. However, the Employee Polygraph Protection Act of 1988 severely limited the use of polygraph tests in the private sector. It deemed the use of a polygraph test by any employer engaged in interstate commerce, unlawful . However, the Act does not apply to governmental employers, and some other limited exceptions. Even here, the technology has been found to be flawed. Effective techniques for beating lie detectors, which only measure stress and anxiety have been developed and are available for use.
The employment interview is a job-focused conversation in which the interviewer and applicant exchange information. In general, interviews have not been valid predictors of success on the job. The traditional employment interview is still important, however, because the applicants who reach this stage are seen as qualified, at least on paper, and want to meet a potential employer face-to-face.
Interview planning is essential to effective employment interviews:
Primary consideration should be the speed in which the process occurs. Many studies have demonstrated that the top candidates for nearly any job are hired and off the job market within anywhere from 1 to 10 days.
The physical location of the interview should be both pleasant and private, providing for a minimum of interruptions.
The interviewer should possess a pleasant personality, empathy, and the ability to listen and communicate effectively.
He or she should become familiar with the applicant’s qualifications by reviewing the data collected from other selection tools.
As preparation for the interview, the interviewer should develop a job profile based on the job description/specification.
After listing job requirements, it is helpful to have an interview checklist that involves compare an applicant’s application and résumé with the job description.
Before conducting an interview, it is helpful to review the job requirements and develop questions related to the qualities sought. The interview itself allows the candidate to provide additional information needed to make a sound selection decision. The interviewer will typically focus on the following areas during an interview:
Occupational experience is the candidate’s past experience, which indicates relevant knowledge, skills, abilities, and willingness to handle responsibility.
Academic achievement may be important for younger applicants just out of school who lack significant work experience.
Interpersonal skills are an important indicator of whether a person can work well with others or on a team.
Personal qualities observed during the interview include appearance, speaking ability, adaptability, assertiveness, and cooperativeness.
During the interview, the interviewer should provide information about the company, the job, and the expectations of the position.
Employment interviews can be broadly classified as structured, unstructured, and behavioral. A discussion of the differences follows.
An unstructured interview is one in which the interviewer asks probing, open-ended questions. It is comprehensive, and the interviewer encourages the applicant to do much of the talking. The unstructured interview is often more time consuming than the structured interview and reveals different information about candidates.
One common question used is “Tell me about yourself.” This can lead to potential legal problems if the candidate provides a lot of personal information not related to performance of the job. Unsuccessful applicants may later claim in court that the reason for their failure to get the job was the employer’s use of this information.
In a structured interview, the interviewer asks each applicant the same series of job-related questions. Although interviews have historically been poor predictors of job success, use of structured interviews increases reliability and accuracy by reducing the subjectivity and inconsistency of unstructured interviews. Typical questions might focus on job-related knowledge or on the applicant’s willingness and ability to perform the requirements of the job.
The behavioral interview is a structured interview in which applicants are asked to relate actual incidents from their past relevant to the target job. Research indicates that traditional interviewing is only 7 percent accurate in predicting on-the-job performance, whereas behavioral interviews are 54 percent accurate. Behavioral interviewers look for three main things: a description of a challenging situation, what the candidate did about it, and measurable results. All questions are based on relevant job-related behaviors. For example, when probing for technical knowledge, the candidate might be asked: “Describe a situation in which your expertise made a significant difference.” Behavioral interviewers ask all candidates the same open-ended questions, then score responses on a scale. This type of interviewing is based on the principle that what you did previously is a good predictor of what you will do in the future.
Whereas the behavioral interview focuses on how an individual handled circumstances in the past, the situational interview creates hypothetical situations candidates would be likely to encounter on the job and ask how they would handle them. For example, the question might be asked: “One of your employees has shown a significant decline in productivity. How would you hand it?” As another example, “You completely disagree with the way that your boss has told you to handle a project. What would you do?” Basically, a situational interview provides a preview of the how a candidate might handle situations in a simulated work environment.
In a typical employment interview, the applicant meets one-on-one with an interviewer. Meeting alone with the interviewer is often less threatening and provides a better opportunity for an effective exchange of information.
In a group interview, several applicants interact in the presence of one or more interviewers. This approach may provide useful insights into the candidates’ interpersonal competence as they engage in a group discussion.
In a board interview, several of the firm’s representatives interview a candidate at the same time.
At times applicants are interviewed by peers, subordinates, and potential superiors (multiple interviews). This approach permits the firm to get a more encompassing view of the candidate. It also gives the candidate a chance to learn more about the company from a variety of perspectives.
The video interview involves an applicant being interviewed with both individuals being in different locations. It saves time and money when having the first face-to-face meeting with a top prospect. When the video interview is used, candidates, get a better feel for the firm’s culture or employer brand.
In the stress interview, the interviewer intentionally creates anxiety to see how the candidate performs under pressure.
Many applicants have unrealistic expectations about the prospective job and employer. To correct this situation, firms should provide a realistic job preview during the selection process to communicate both positive and negative job information to the applicant in an unbiased manner. Conveys both positive and negative job information to the applicant in an unbiased manner. Many applicants have unrealistic expectations about the prospective job they are seeking. They may have been told the exciting part of the job but the less glamorous areas are not mentioned. Realistic job previews have become increasingly common in certain fields because of the high turnover rates and the constant cost of replacing those individuals who do not work out.
There are a number of potential interviewing problems that can threaten the success of employment interviews. Good interviewers are trained to avoid the problems listed here. We will cover these areas in the following slides.
Historically, the interview has been more vulnerable to charges of discrimination than any other tool used in the selection process because of the use of inappropriate questions. One simple rule governs interviewing: All questions must be job-related. Interviewers should frame questions in terms of whether applicants can perform the essential functions of the jobs for which they are applying.
If a candidate begins volunteering personal information that is not job related, the interviewer should steer the conversation back on course. The interviewer might even want to begin by tactfully stating that the selection decision will be based strictly on the candidate’s job-related qualifications and that the conversation should stay focused on job-related topics. This enables better decisions and decreases the likelihood of discrimination charges.
Often a problem that may arise in an interview is interviewer bias where the interviewer makes assumptions about the interviewee which may be incorrect and lets these biases influence the selection decision.
Stereotyping bias occurs when the interviewer assumes that the applicant has certain traits because they are members of a certain class. The classic case of stereotyping bias is when an interviewer assumes that a women applicant cannot meet a certain physical requirement such as being able to lift 50 pounds.
A halo error bias occurs when the interviewer generalizes one positive first impression feature of the candidate. Such might be the case with discovering that you have something in common with the applicant.
The opposite could occur with horn error bias where the interviewer’s first impression of the candidate creates a negative first impression that exists throughout the interview.
Contrast bias may occur when, for example, an interviewer meets with several poorly qualified applicants and then confronts a mediocre candidate. By comparison, the last applicant may appear to be better qualified than he or she actually is. The opposite can also occur. Suppose that a clearly outstanding candidate is followed by a very good candidate. The second candidate may not be considered even if the first candidate turns down the job offer.
Premature judgment bias suggests that interviewers often make judgment about candidates in the first few minutes of the interview.
Interview illusion bias is closely related to premature judgment but not the same. Manager say something to the effect “Give me just five minutes with an applicant and I can tell if they will be successful with our company.” Their belief in their interview ability was likely exaggerated. Recruiters are often overconfident about their ability to judge others in general. Interviewers have to be careful about placing excessive weight on interviews and thinking “I just feel good about this applicant” when making the hiring decision.
In successful interviews, relevant information flows both ways. Sometimes, interviewers begin the interview by telling candidates what they are looking for, and then are pleased to hear candidates parrot back their own words. Other interviewers dominate and talk excessively through the entire interview. To be effective, interviewers must first learn to be good listeners.
Adequate training is necessary for people to become effective interviewers. Interviewing is not the same as just having a conversation, and there should be a reason for asking each and every job-related question.
Body language is the nonverbal communication method in which physical actions such as motions, gestures, and facial expressions convey thoughts and emotions. The interviewer is attempting to view the nonverbal signals from the applicant. Applicants are also reading the nonverbal signals of the interviewer. Therefore, interviewers should make a conscious effort to view themselves as applicants do to avoid sending inappropriate or unintended nonverbal signals.
When the interviewer has obtained the necessary information and answered the applicant’s questions, he or she should conclude the interview. Management must then determine whether the candidate is suitable for the open position and organization. If the conclusion is positive, the process continues; if there appears to be no match, the candidate is no longer considered. Also, in concluding the interview, the interviewer should tell the applicant that he or she will be notified of the selection decision shortly. Keeping this promise helps maintain a positive relationship with the applicant.
Background investigation is more important than ever due to the rise in negligent hiring lawsuits, recent corporate scandals, and national security concerns. At this stage of the selection process, an applicant has normally completed an application form or submitted a résumé, taken the necessary selection tests, and undergone an employment interview. On the surface they look qualified. It is now time to determine the accuracy of the information submitted or to determine whether vital information was not submitted.
The employment eligibility verification form I-9 form must be filled out by American job applicants but it allows any number of documents that can be used to demonstrate his or her legal right to work in the United States. Every employee hired since 1986 must have a completed 1-9 on file.
An additional level of verification involves the use of E-Verify to check out new hires and its use is required for federal contractors and subcontractors with contracts of $100,000 or more. Recently, the U.S. Supreme Court granted states the right to require employers to use the federal E-Verify system to check on the eligibility of employees to work in the United States.
Background investigations are not just for pre-employment anymore. Some employers are screening their employees on an ongoing basis. In certain industries, such as banking and healthcare, employers are required by regulation to routinely research the criminal records of employees.
An increasing number of employers are using social networking to conduct background investigations. Employers use an applicant’s Facebook, LinkedIn, and postings made on an industry blog to find out about individuals they are considering hiring. Industries most likely to conduct background investigations on applicants are those that specialize in technology or that use sensitive information.
When hiring practices eliminate substantial numbers of minority or women applicants, the burden of proof is on the employer to show that the practice is job related. For example, caution is advised in situations where an applicant acknowledges that he or she has been convicted of a crime. If having a criminal conviction cannot be shown to be job related, then having a conviction cannot be used as a criterion for hiring. The same goes for credit checks, if having a good credit record cannot be shown to be relevant to the job.
Congress created new obligations for employers when it amended the federal Fair Credit Reporting Act in 1997. Employers’ obligations are triggered under the Act when employers use consumer reports that contain information about an individual’s personal and credit characteristics. To avoid legal problems, employers need to allow sufficient time between notifying an applicant or employee of a less-than-favorable consumer report and taking an adverse action as a result of the report.
Applicants are usually required to submit the names of several people who know them personally and can provide additional information about them. Firms conduct these reference checks to gather additional insight into the information provided by the applicant and to verify its accuracy. A possible flaw with reference checking is that almost everyone can name three or four individuals willing to make favorable statements about them.
The amount of protection given to those who provide references varies greatly. Laws in many states shield employers from liability for harm to an ex-employee based on job references they provide. The intent of this legislation is to make it easier for employers to give and receive meaningful information. Even so, there are two schools of thought with regard to supplying information about former employees. One is “Don’t tell them anything.” In this case, the employer provides only basic data, such as job title and dates of employment. The other approach is “Honesty is the best policy.” This is based on the reality that “facts honestly given” or “opinions honestly held” constitute a solid legal defense. Red flags are often raised when a former employer refuses to talk about a one-time employee, or when the information provided differs from that given by the applicant.
Traditional reference checking takes a lot of time, so some firms have begun using automated reference checking instead. With this system, the job candidate contacts references directly and asks them to fill out an online questionnaire. The system automatically collects the surveys and prepares a report for the recruiter. The company does not run the risk of a recruiter asking an inappropriate question because the questions are standardized.
Negligent hiring is the liability an employer incurs when it fails to conduct a reasonable investigation of an applicant’s background, and then assigns a potentially dangerous person to a position in which he or she can inflict harm, such as fraud, assault, battery, or interference with contractual relations. The primary consideration in negligent hiring is whether the risk of harm from an employee was reasonably foreseeable by the employer.
The person who makes the selection decision is usually the hiring manager. This final choice is made from among those candidates still in the running after reference checks, selection tests, background investigations, and interview information has been evaluated.
The Americans with Disabilities Act does not prohibit pre-employment medical examinations, but it does determine the point at which they may be administered during the selection process. All exams must be directly relevant to the job requirements, and a firm cannot order a medical exam until the applicant is offered employment.
Employers should always notify candidates as soon as possible when their status changes during the selection process. This is done to prevent losing top candidates to competitors and to be respectful to candidates who have not been selected.
Even though employees may account for as much as 80 percent of the value of a corporation, the task of measuring and understanding how they contribute to the bottom line is often difficult. Human capital metrics are measures of HR performance and should be good indicators of whether or not strategic goals are being achieved.
There is no one-size-fits-all metric that employers can adopt to achieve greater hiring efficiency. The metrics that best suit each company depends on a variety of factors, including its business goals. The recent recession heightened the need to have metrics regarding the productivity of employees. When employee cost-cutting decisions must be made, it is important that the most productive employees are retained. One survey revealed that companies with best-in-class talent acquisition programs were most successful at measuring the following four performance criteria: time to hire, quality of hire, new-hire retention, and hiring managers’ overall satisfaction with the program.
Quality of hire: Many recruiters believe that quality of hire is the most important metric to use in the selection process. Some possible measures to determine the quality of hire might be communication effectiveness, ability to motivate others, leadership ability, and cultural fit.
Time required to hire: The shorter the time to hire, the more efficient the HR department is in finding the replacement for the job. The top candidates for nearly any job are hired and off the job market within anywhere from 1 to 10 days. It then becomes crucial for the time required to hire be as low as possible. Otherwise your best prospect will have already signed on to work for a competitor.
New hire retention: New hire retention is calculated by determining the percent of the new hires that remain with the company at selected intervals, typically one or two years. If this situation is happening excessively, HR should analyze the selection process to determine if there are flaws in the system that causes new hires to terminate prematurely.
Hiring manager overall satisfaction: The manager is largely responsible for the success of his or her department. It is the quality of his or her employees in the workgroup that have a major impact on success of the department. A manager’s belief that employees being hired through the recruitment and selection system do not perform as well as expected casts doubt on the entire selection process.
Turnover rate: Number of times on average that employees have to be replaced during a year.
Cost per hire: In determining the recruiting cost per hire, the total recruiting expense must first be calculated. Then, the cost per hire may be determined by dividing the recruiting expenses (calculation of advertising, agency fees, employee referrals, relocation, recruiter pay and benefits costs) by the number of recruits hired. Naturally, the difficulty associated with this measure is in determining the exact costs to include as recruiting expenses.
Selection rate: The number of applicants hired from a group of candidates expressed as a percentage. For example, if 100 qualified candidates are available and twenty-five are chosen, the selection rate would be 25 percent.
Acceptance rate: Number of applicants who accepted the job divided by the number who were offered the job. If this rate is unusually low, it would be wise to determine the reason that jobs are being turned down. A low acceptance rate increases recruiting cost.
Yield rate: Percentage of applicants from a particular source and method that make it to the next stage of the selection process. For example, if 100 applicants submitted their résumés through the firm’s corporate career Web site and 25 were asked in for an interview, the yield rate for the corporate career Web site would be 25 percent.
Organizational fit was discussed in this chapter as management’s perception of the degree to which the prospective employee will fit in with the firm’s culture or value system. When determining which leadership style will be more appropriate for a company, a country’s culture plays a major role in determining whether an executive will be successful or not. Regardless of how far-flung their markets and operations, multinational leaders typically retain and reflect the cultural mores of their home countries. Since the vast majority of firms are deeply rooted in the culture of their home countries, leaders who adhere to the cultural norms have a better chance of success.