Ginger (Zingiber officinale) rhizomes have been widely used as a spice and flavoring agent in foods and beverages in Bangladesh as well as in all over the world for its economical and medicinal values. The present investigation was undertaken for the assessment of 13 local ginger genotypes collected from different region of Bangladesh through 7 RAPD primers. Genomic DNA was extracted from ginger genotypes using CTAB method. A total of 34 distinct and differential amplification bands ranging from 150-1200 bp were observed with an average of 1.14 polymorphic bands per primer. The overall gene diversity was detected 0.8052 and the value of PIC was detected 0.7532. The RAPD marker generate enough polymorphism for possible use in diversity studies through cluster analysis and principal component analysis (PCA). PCA classified 13 ginger genotypes into four groups and showed in two dimensional scatter plot. The genetic similarity coefficients among genotypes ranged from 0.103 to 0.654. Cluster analysis based on Jaccard’s similarity-coefficient using UPGMA grouped the genotypes into two clusters: Cluster A and Cluster B. The cluster ‘A’ had only one genotype Kaptai local and the second cluster ‘B’ had rest of twelve genotypes. The prevalence level of polymorphism in the local genotypes of ginger will help to breeders for ginger improvement program.
Genetic characterization of morphological and yield traits in ten genotypes of Celosia argentea L. was evaluated
at the Research Farm of the Department of Botany, University of Ibadan, Nigeria. The experiment was laid out
in a randomized complete block design with four replicates. The results of analysis of variance carried out on
early morphological characters of C. argentea L. at 3, 4, and 5weeks after sowing showed significant
(p<0.05 /><0.01) effects except for number of leaves per plant and leaf width at 3 and 5 weeks after sowing,
respectively. The replicates in blocks produced varying observable effects on the genotypes while genotype x
replicate showed significant variation on morpho-agronomic and yield traits except number of days to flowering
at 50 days and fruit length at maturity. Also, from the result of the mean separation, it is shown that
NG/MAY/09/015 performed the best for plant height at flowering, leaf length at flowering, leaf width at
flowering, and root biomass. NG/SA/07/213 produced the highest mean values of number of flowers per plant,
leaf biomass and pod weight at maturity. The highest values of number of primary branches and fruit length at
maturity (FLM) were observed for NG/TO/MAY/09/015, while NG/AO/MAY/09/015 had the highest for pod
weight at maturity. The result of principal component axis also showed that Prin 1 accounted for highest Eigen
Vector of 38.62% from the total variation. NG/MAY/09/015 (R2) genotype produced the highest Eigen Vector
of 6.705 from Prin 1. The correlation result showed that plant height had a significant positive association with
seed weight at maturity, pod weight at maturity, number of primary branches and fruit length at maturity, while
similar association existed between leaf biomass, number of primary branches and pod weight at maturity, as
well as between plant height at flowering and pod weight at maturity. Again, the number of primary branches is
also positive and significantly correlated with plant height, root biomass and leaf length. Furthermore, the
results of dendrogram and minimum spanning tree revealed variations in genetic relatedness and distance,
respectively, which exist among the population of the C. argentea L.
Sixteen genotypes of maize were evaluated for genetic variability and character associations in the Research
Farm of the Department of Botany, University of Ibadan, Nigeria for 90 days in the 2012, 2013 and 2014
cropping seasons. Perforated polythene bags (18 × 9 cm) were filled with 6kg sandy-loam soil and were spaced
at a distance of 10 cm apart between rows. Three seeds from each genotype were then planted per bag without
treatment in three replicates. Data on plant and stem height, leaf width, leaf length and number of leaves were
collected after planting at 14 days interval on each replicate for a particular genotype. The plant height of
EVDT.Y200STRQPM genotype was significantly (p < 0.05) different from other genotypes, while genotype
pairs; TZE-OR2DTSTRQPM and 2009TZE-ORIDTSTRQPM, TZEI 22, TZEI 98 and OBANTAPA, TZEI 4,
TZEI 161, BODIJA as well as EVDT-W99STR, OJO, 98SYNWECSTRQPM were similar to each other. The
result of correlation coefficient shows that stem height was highly significant and positively correlated with the
plant height (p < 0.01; r = 0.91). The genotype is negative and non-correlated with plant height, stem height, leaf
width and number of leaves, but positive and non-significantly associated with leaf length, replicate and week
after planting.
The ethanol extracts of Ficus asperifolia, Mormordica charantia, Anacardium
occidentals and Psidium guajava were evaluated sole and in treatment combinations at 25, 50 and
75mg ml-1 concentration levels against the mycelial growth of Macrophomina phaseolina of
Cowpea. The pathogen was cultured on plates containing botanicals amended Potato Dextrose
Agar (PDA) in three replicates while only ethanol treated PDA tested plates served the control
experiment. The radial growths were recorded at 4th, 6th and 8th day after inoculation. Data
obtained were analysed using the SAS software program version 9.2. The extract of Mormordica
charantia was the most effective in the botanical treatments alone. The most significant inhibition
of Macrophomina phaseolina were observed from the combined treatments of Ficus asperifolia,
Mormordica charantia and Anacardium occidentals (3.11 cm), followed by Mormordica
charantia and Psidium guajava (3.29 cm), then combination of four extracts; Ficus asperifolia,
Mormordica charantia, Anacardium occidentals and Psidium guajava (3.53 cm), then
Mormordica charantia and Anacardium occidentals (3.84 cm). Other treatments, either alone or in
combination produced significant result compared to the control experiment (6.94 cm). However,
the efficacy of botanicals increased with concentration and also significantly correlated with time
and reduction in mycelia extension of the pathogen. More so, variability in the antifungicidal
potentials of the botanicals on Macrophomina phaseolina ranges from 15.93% to 34.06%
according to Eigen proportions. The treatment combinations of; Ficus asperifolia, Mormordica
charantia and Anacardium occidentals at 75mg ml-1 concentration level produced the most
inhibitory effect against Macrophomina phaseolina in vitro. However, the untreated plates did not
show inhibitory effect on the mycelial growth of the pathogen. Therefore, combined treatments of
botanicals could be a potential source in the practice of plant disease control.
This document discusses genetic diversity analysis of grape (Vitis vinifera L.) germplasm in India using microsatellite markers. A total of 42 grape genotypes were analyzed using 7 microsatellite markers. A total of 45 alleles were detected among the genotypes. The microsatellites grouped the genotypes into two main clusters (A and B) based on morphological and genetic characteristics, with subclusters differentiating seeded vs seedless fruits and pigmented vs non-pigmented fruits. The study found high genetic variability among the Indian grape germplasm and that microsatellite markers are a reliable tool for diversity and breeding programs.
22. utilization of ssr markers for seed purity testing in popular rice hybridsVishwanath Koti
This document describes a study that used simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers to identify two popular rice hybrids (KRH-2 and DRRH-2) and their parental lines. Thirty-five SSR markers were tested, and six were found to be polymorphic across the hybrids and parents, allowing unique fingerprints for each. Five markers (RM 206, RM 276, RM 204, RM 234 and RM 228) differentiated the two hybrids. Analysis of parental lines found residual heterozygosity at two loci, highlighting the importance of SSR markers for maintaining genetic purity. A 20x20 grow-out matrix trial validated the SSR markers for detecting contaminants in commercial seed lots of the two hybrids.
This document describes a DNA marker-based technology developed to identify citrus rootstocks at the seedling stage. Traditionally, Rough lemon and Rangpur lime are preferred rootstocks but are difficult to distinguish from Galgal at an early stage. Galgal is an undesirable rootstock due to susceptibility to diseases. The new technology uses microsatellite markers and PCR to differentiate Rough lemon, Rangpur lime, and Galgal based on presence or absence of DNA fragments. It provides a non-destructive method to ensure nurseries are supplying quality rootstock varieties. The technique has been transferred to agricultural organizations to benefit citrus farmers.
Genetic diversity in pea germplasm using RAPD MarkersShujaul Mulk Khan
Selection of the genotypes using plasmid assisted technology provides an efficient and useful tool for elaborating genetic relationships among genotypes. In present study, 48 Pea (Pisum sativum var sativum L.) genotypes obtained from different sources were analyzed through 20 RAPD, DNA markers for assessment of intraspecific DNA variations. Results revealed that significant variations were present in minor bands. Major bands also showed significant diversity. Considerable variations were also recorded in density of some common bands. Maximum and minimum genetic diversity i.e., 80% and 20% was found among 08 and 23 comparisons, respectively from banding profile. These variations can be
used further for enhancing variability, a prerequisite for crop breeding. Phylogenetic clustering (through dendrogram analysis) of genotypes revealed that genetic diversity is independent of origin of genotypes. Forty eight genotypes of pea clustered in three main groups A, B and C comprising 23, 5 and 20 genotypes, respectively. Group A1 and C1 included the most distantly related genotypes and hence can be recommended for breeding to obtain genetically diverse segregating populations.
This document analyzed the genetic diversity of 50 Asian bitter gourd genotypes using morphological traits and molecular markers. Key findings:
1. Significant variation was found for yield and other traits based on morphological analysis, indicating genetic diversity. The highest yielding genotype was Sel-2.
2. Molecular analysis using RAPD and ISSR markers found high levels of polymorphism, with ISSR showing more polymorphic bands.
3. Cluster analyses based on morphological, RAPD, ISSR, and combined data grouped genotypes into clusters largely correlating with geographical origin and domestication status. The analyses demonstrate large genetic variability in the collection.
Genetic characterization of morphological and yield traits in ten genotypes of Celosia argentea L. was evaluated
at the Research Farm of the Department of Botany, University of Ibadan, Nigeria. The experiment was laid out
in a randomized complete block design with four replicates. The results of analysis of variance carried out on
early morphological characters of C. argentea L. at 3, 4, and 5weeks after sowing showed significant
(p<0.05 /><0.01) effects except for number of leaves per plant and leaf width at 3 and 5 weeks after sowing,
respectively. The replicates in blocks produced varying observable effects on the genotypes while genotype x
replicate showed significant variation on morpho-agronomic and yield traits except number of days to flowering
at 50 days and fruit length at maturity. Also, from the result of the mean separation, it is shown that
NG/MAY/09/015 performed the best for plant height at flowering, leaf length at flowering, leaf width at
flowering, and root biomass. NG/SA/07/213 produced the highest mean values of number of flowers per plant,
leaf biomass and pod weight at maturity. The highest values of number of primary branches and fruit length at
maturity (FLM) were observed for NG/TO/MAY/09/015, while NG/AO/MAY/09/015 had the highest for pod
weight at maturity. The result of principal component axis also showed that Prin 1 accounted for highest Eigen
Vector of 38.62% from the total variation. NG/MAY/09/015 (R2) genotype produced the highest Eigen Vector
of 6.705 from Prin 1. The correlation result showed that plant height had a significant positive association with
seed weight at maturity, pod weight at maturity, number of primary branches and fruit length at maturity, while
similar association existed between leaf biomass, number of primary branches and pod weight at maturity, as
well as between plant height at flowering and pod weight at maturity. Again, the number of primary branches is
also positive and significantly correlated with plant height, root biomass and leaf length. Furthermore, the
results of dendrogram and minimum spanning tree revealed variations in genetic relatedness and distance,
respectively, which exist among the population of the C. argentea L.
Sixteen genotypes of maize were evaluated for genetic variability and character associations in the Research
Farm of the Department of Botany, University of Ibadan, Nigeria for 90 days in the 2012, 2013 and 2014
cropping seasons. Perforated polythene bags (18 × 9 cm) were filled with 6kg sandy-loam soil and were spaced
at a distance of 10 cm apart between rows. Three seeds from each genotype were then planted per bag without
treatment in three replicates. Data on plant and stem height, leaf width, leaf length and number of leaves were
collected after planting at 14 days interval on each replicate for a particular genotype. The plant height of
EVDT.Y200STRQPM genotype was significantly (p < 0.05) different from other genotypes, while genotype
pairs; TZE-OR2DTSTRQPM and 2009TZE-ORIDTSTRQPM, TZEI 22, TZEI 98 and OBANTAPA, TZEI 4,
TZEI 161, BODIJA as well as EVDT-W99STR, OJO, 98SYNWECSTRQPM were similar to each other. The
result of correlation coefficient shows that stem height was highly significant and positively correlated with the
plant height (p < 0.01; r = 0.91). The genotype is negative and non-correlated with plant height, stem height, leaf
width and number of leaves, but positive and non-significantly associated with leaf length, replicate and week
after planting.
The ethanol extracts of Ficus asperifolia, Mormordica charantia, Anacardium
occidentals and Psidium guajava were evaluated sole and in treatment combinations at 25, 50 and
75mg ml-1 concentration levels against the mycelial growth of Macrophomina phaseolina of
Cowpea. The pathogen was cultured on plates containing botanicals amended Potato Dextrose
Agar (PDA) in three replicates while only ethanol treated PDA tested plates served the control
experiment. The radial growths were recorded at 4th, 6th and 8th day after inoculation. Data
obtained were analysed using the SAS software program version 9.2. The extract of Mormordica
charantia was the most effective in the botanical treatments alone. The most significant inhibition
of Macrophomina phaseolina were observed from the combined treatments of Ficus asperifolia,
Mormordica charantia and Anacardium occidentals (3.11 cm), followed by Mormordica
charantia and Psidium guajava (3.29 cm), then combination of four extracts; Ficus asperifolia,
Mormordica charantia, Anacardium occidentals and Psidium guajava (3.53 cm), then
Mormordica charantia and Anacardium occidentals (3.84 cm). Other treatments, either alone or in
combination produced significant result compared to the control experiment (6.94 cm). However,
the efficacy of botanicals increased with concentration and also significantly correlated with time
and reduction in mycelia extension of the pathogen. More so, variability in the antifungicidal
potentials of the botanicals on Macrophomina phaseolina ranges from 15.93% to 34.06%
according to Eigen proportions. The treatment combinations of; Ficus asperifolia, Mormordica
charantia and Anacardium occidentals at 75mg ml-1 concentration level produced the most
inhibitory effect against Macrophomina phaseolina in vitro. However, the untreated plates did not
show inhibitory effect on the mycelial growth of the pathogen. Therefore, combined treatments of
botanicals could be a potential source in the practice of plant disease control.
This document discusses genetic diversity analysis of grape (Vitis vinifera L.) germplasm in India using microsatellite markers. A total of 42 grape genotypes were analyzed using 7 microsatellite markers. A total of 45 alleles were detected among the genotypes. The microsatellites grouped the genotypes into two main clusters (A and B) based on morphological and genetic characteristics, with subclusters differentiating seeded vs seedless fruits and pigmented vs non-pigmented fruits. The study found high genetic variability among the Indian grape germplasm and that microsatellite markers are a reliable tool for diversity and breeding programs.
22. utilization of ssr markers for seed purity testing in popular rice hybridsVishwanath Koti
This document describes a study that used simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers to identify two popular rice hybrids (KRH-2 and DRRH-2) and their parental lines. Thirty-five SSR markers were tested, and six were found to be polymorphic across the hybrids and parents, allowing unique fingerprints for each. Five markers (RM 206, RM 276, RM 204, RM 234 and RM 228) differentiated the two hybrids. Analysis of parental lines found residual heterozygosity at two loci, highlighting the importance of SSR markers for maintaining genetic purity. A 20x20 grow-out matrix trial validated the SSR markers for detecting contaminants in commercial seed lots of the two hybrids.
This document describes a DNA marker-based technology developed to identify citrus rootstocks at the seedling stage. Traditionally, Rough lemon and Rangpur lime are preferred rootstocks but are difficult to distinguish from Galgal at an early stage. Galgal is an undesirable rootstock due to susceptibility to diseases. The new technology uses microsatellite markers and PCR to differentiate Rough lemon, Rangpur lime, and Galgal based on presence or absence of DNA fragments. It provides a non-destructive method to ensure nurseries are supplying quality rootstock varieties. The technique has been transferred to agricultural organizations to benefit citrus farmers.
Genetic diversity in pea germplasm using RAPD MarkersShujaul Mulk Khan
Selection of the genotypes using plasmid assisted technology provides an efficient and useful tool for elaborating genetic relationships among genotypes. In present study, 48 Pea (Pisum sativum var sativum L.) genotypes obtained from different sources were analyzed through 20 RAPD, DNA markers for assessment of intraspecific DNA variations. Results revealed that significant variations were present in minor bands. Major bands also showed significant diversity. Considerable variations were also recorded in density of some common bands. Maximum and minimum genetic diversity i.e., 80% and 20% was found among 08 and 23 comparisons, respectively from banding profile. These variations can be
used further for enhancing variability, a prerequisite for crop breeding. Phylogenetic clustering (through dendrogram analysis) of genotypes revealed that genetic diversity is independent of origin of genotypes. Forty eight genotypes of pea clustered in three main groups A, B and C comprising 23, 5 and 20 genotypes, respectively. Group A1 and C1 included the most distantly related genotypes and hence can be recommended for breeding to obtain genetically diverse segregating populations.
This document analyzed the genetic diversity of 50 Asian bitter gourd genotypes using morphological traits and molecular markers. Key findings:
1. Significant variation was found for yield and other traits based on morphological analysis, indicating genetic diversity. The highest yielding genotype was Sel-2.
2. Molecular analysis using RAPD and ISSR markers found high levels of polymorphism, with ISSR showing more polymorphic bands.
3. Cluster analyses based on morphological, RAPD, ISSR, and combined data grouped genotypes into clusters largely correlating with geographical origin and domestication status. The analyses demonstrate large genetic variability in the collection.
Evaluation of some morphological and yield component traitsAlexander Decker
This study evaluated the relationship between soybean seed yield and various morphological and yield component traits under different population densities and phosphorus levels over two growing seasons. The results showed that pod weight had the strongest correlation with seed yield per plant (R2=0.998), followed by number of seeds per plant (R2=0.937) and number of pods per plant (R2=0.884). Regression analyses found that yield component traits explained more variation in seed yield (R2=0.999) than morphological traits (R2=0.713). Specifically, pod weight, number of pods, and number of seeds per plant contributed most to determining soybean seed yield. These key traits could be useful for soy
Estimation of genetic parameters and gene actions of sorghum [Sorghum bicolor...Innspub Net
A study of sorghum tolerance to low P condition was conducted in two experiments : (1) in nutrient solution and
(2) in acid soil. The aim of this study was to obtain information on the genetic variability and heritability of agronomic characters that could be used as selection criteria in low P condition and to obtain information on gene action that controlled agronomic characters of sorghum.The plant materials used in this experiment were F2 segregating population derived from the cross between B69 and Numbu. The first experiment was conducted in the green house of Bogor Agricultural University. B69, Numbu and F2 population were grown hidroponically for 14 days. Composition of the nutrient solution used in the experiment followed the method suggested by Ohki with modification of P concentration. P is given in the form of KH2PO4: 0.001 mM. The results showed that shoot dry weight (SDW) and total dry weight (TDW) had high estimate of heritability and moderate genotypic
coefficient of variance (GCV), thus these characters can be used for criteria selection for low P tolerance at seedling stage. The significant value of skweness from the distribution shoot dry weight in F2 segregants, indicate the presence of complementary epistasis gene action, whereas normal distribution of total dry weight showed additive gene action. The second experiment was conducted in acid soils of Bogor District Experimental Field Tenjo, Bogor. The results showed that stem diameter, panicle weight and grain yield per plant had high heritability and wide GCV value, indicating these characters can be used as the selection criteria in selecting
sorghum genotypes for low P tolerance in acid soil. Based on the skewness values, all of the agronomy characters
observed in this study were influenced by additive gene action. Get more articles at: http://www.innspub.net/volume-7-number-3-september-2015-ijaar/
Assessment of Genetic Diversity in 13 Local Banana (Musa Spp.) Cultivars Usin...paperpublications3
Abstract: A Study was conducted to investigate the genetic variability among 13 local banana cultivars using 3 SSR primers of Mb1-69, Mb1-113 and Mb1-134. All the primer pairs amplified a total of 29 different marker bands with an average of 9.6 bands per primer. Among the 29 bands only 4 bands were monomorphic and the rest 25 bands were polymorphic. The sizes of the amplified DNA bands in 13 local banana cultivars varied from 200 bp to 600 bp. The primer Mb1-113 amplified the highest (14) number of DNA bands and the primer Mb1-69 amplified the lowest (7) number of DNA bands whilst primer Mb1-134 amplified 8 DNA bands. The values of pair-wise genetic distances ranged from 1.00 to 9.00 indicating the presence of wide genetic diversity. The dendogram constructed based on phylogenetic relationship analysis revealed that the highest genetic diversity (9.00) found between the cultivars champa and jawayta and also the cultivars champa and jahazy whilst the lowest (1.00) between the cultivars doubled haploid and kathaly, doubled haploid and sorishafruity, doubled haploid and amritsagor and doubled haploid and ganasundory. The UPGMA dendogram has segregated the 13 local banana cultivars into two major clusters. Agnishwar and champa formed in cluster 1 and the rest of the cultivars like sobri jesore, sobri, anazy, kathaly, jawayta, sorishafruity, amritsagor, jahazy, bangle, ganasundory and doubled haploid have constituted the cluster 2.
Analysis of Seed Proteins in Groundnut Cultivars (Arachis hypogaea L.)IJERA Editor
The seed protein contents and protein banding pattern were studied in commonly cultivated groundnut cultivars.
The groundnut cultivars such as ICGV00351, TMV-7, CO-4,CO-6 and TG-374 were used for quantitative and
qualitative analysis of seed proteins. The protein contents varied among the different varieties of groundnut. The
maximum protein content was observed in CO-6 followed by CO-4, TMV-7, ICGV00351 and TG-374. There
was a slight differences in protein content among the different cultivars. All the five cultivars of groundnut were
subjected to SDS-PAGE analysis. The results revealed that the variation in total number of bands and MW-Rf
values. The maximum number of MW-Rf value was noticed in TG-374 and ICGV00351, and the minimum
MW-Rf value was 11 recorded in CO-6 and TMV-7.
Dioscorea rotundata is a staple food crop for millions of people in the tropical and subtropical regions. In vitro germplasm conservation is a very useful tool in yam improvement strategies but very little is known about the genetic integrity and stability of in-vitro conserved yam plants. In this study, 42 accessions from in vitro and field populations were genotyped using 11 microsatellite markers and 23 morphological descriptors to assess variability within and between accessions. Out of the 23 morphological variables used, 13 were identified as most discriminate and were used to cluster the accessions into 4 clusters using the unweighted pair group arithmetic mean average (UPGMA). Accession maintained in field as well as in in-vitro showed high genetic similarity (R2 = 0.91, p-value: 1e-04). Out of the 42 accessions analyzed, nine accessions maintained in the field and in-vitro displayed different genetic profiles. This study provided basic information on the possible somaclonal variation of yam accessions maintained through in-vitro. Further study with advanced tools such as next-generation sequencing is required to elucidate the nature of the observed variation within clones.
Molecular marker to identify gynoecious lines in bitter gourdSwati Saxena
This document discusses the identification of molecular markers associated with the gynoecious trait in bitter gourd. Twenty-four gynoecious plants were screened using 200 RAPD and 28 ISSR markers. One ISSR primer amplified a 1000 base pair fragment present in all gynoecious plants but absent in two monoecious varieties. This fragment was repeatably amplified and could serve as a diagnostic marker for gynoecy, allowing identification of the trait at an early stage for hybrid seed production.
This document describes the development of 160 novel simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers in bitter gourd (Momordica charantia L.) through enriched genomic libraries. Genomic DNA from bitter gourd was used to construct libraries enriched for 10 different repeat motifs. Of the 3,072 clones screened, 93.7% contained microsatellite repeats. Unique primer pairs were designed and validated for 151 loci. Genetic diversity analysis of 51 loci among 54 accessions found 20% were polymorphic. The markers distinguished 15 Indian varieties and 78.4% were transferable across six Momordica species. The new SSR markers will be useful for genetic studies in bitter gourd.
Evaluation of seed storage proteins in common bean by some biplot analysisINNS PUBNET
In order to study of seed storage proteins, proteins samples of common bean genotypes were prepared by 0.2 M
NaCl of extracting soluble. Genotypes were located in two groups by cluster analysis using Wilks’ lambda
statistic. Two groups were different for yield components (number of pods per plant, number of seeds per plant
and seed weight). Factor analysis showed that two factors described 61% of total proteins variation. Correlated
bands with yield components characters had the highest coefficients for the first factor. This factor was named
“yield components proteins”. Protein bands via RM 58 and 64 had relationship with days to flowering.
Therefore, the second factor was named “phenologic proteins”. Genotypes were located in four groups by these
factors. Length, angle and presence of protein bands were important characteristics to explain graphical
information in GGE biplot compared to factor analysis. Get the full articles at: http://www.innspub.net/volume-3-number-5-may-2013/
VARIABILITY STUDY IN F2 MATERIALS OF INTERVARIETAL CROSS OF BRINJAL (Solanum ...Moniruzzaman Shohag
This study evaluated variability in F2 populations of brinjal (eggplant) crosses. Significant variation was found among genotypes for traits like plant height, fruit circumference, single fruit weight, days to first harvest, days to last harvest, and yield per plant. The best performing genotype was Line-01× Line-25F2, which had the highest single fruit weight and yield per plant. Several other genotypes, including Line-01× Line-25F1 and Line-23× Line-24F2, also performed well for yield. The genotype Line-23× Line-24F2 was the earliest for days to flowering and first harvest. High heritability was observed for most traits, suggesting additive gene effects
Influence of phosphorous acid application on the accumulation of total phenol...Innspub Net
One mechanism used by coconut plant to protect itself against Phytophthorakatsurae is linked to total
polyphenols production. This study aimed to investigate the impact of phosphorous acid plant treatment on the
production of total polyphenols in coconuthusk, as part of chemical control.The study was conducted on two
coconuts cultivars (EGD and PB 121+) with four doses of phosphorous acid [Control, 2.8 g (TA), 5.6 g (TB), 11.2 g
(TC)]. At each sampling, the husks were processed and extracts were prepared for total polyphenols assays. There
was significant difference between EGD and PB 121+ total polyphenols production (p<0.001).The interaction
between coconut variety and phosphorous acid doses was also significant.The interaction EGD and TC had the
highest total polyphenols accumulation of 4838.5 µg/g of fresh weight (FW). For PB121+, the highest total polyphenols accumulation of 6433.71 µg/g FW was obtained from the interaction between PB121+ and T0. From this observation, it could be statedthat phosphorous acid only triggers the treated plantdefense mechanisms to produce total phenolic compounds when attacked by a pathogen. Get more articles at: http://www.innspub.net/volume-7-number-3-september-2015-ijaar/
Evaluation of genetic diversity in pea (Pisum sativum) based on morpho-agrono...Shoaib Ur Rehman
This study evaluated genetic diversity in 128 pea accessions based on 4 qualitative traits (flower color, testa color, cotyledon color, pod shape) and 11 quantitative traits (plant height, total pod number, pods per plant, total pod weight, pod weight per plant, average pod length, width, thickness, seed weight, seed weight per plant, seed index). Principal component analysis revealed that the first two principal components accounted for 55% of the variation. Traits like average pod thickness, length and width were positively correlated with weight per pod. Cotyledon color was negatively correlated with other yield traits. The study identified diverse groups of accessions that could be used as parents in breeding programs to generate transgressive seg
The use of plants extracts in the improvement of cowpea yield at dang (Ngaoun...Innspub Net
In the substitution of chemical insecticides with potential biopesticides, the efficiency of Lippia multiflora, Plectranthus glandulosus and Callistemon rigidus were evaluated on the improvement of cowpea (Vinia unguiculata) in Dang (Ngaoundere, Cameroon). The experiment was conducted in a completely randomized block design with 5 treatments repeated 4 times each: the negative control, the positive control (Decis), L. multiflora, P. glandulosus and C. rigidus. These different insecticides were sprayed on cowpea plants with 14 days interval starting from the 14th day after sowing. The parameters collected were the diversity of insect pests, the number of pods, and the dry weight of the grains. All of the insecticides used improved cowpea yields. Although less efficient than Decis, most biopesticides significantly (p < 0.001) improved the yield of cowpeas compared to the negative control. This improvement was 260% for C. rigidus, and 120% for P. glandulosus. These results suggest that C. rigidus, P. glandulosus and L. multiflora could be considered as potential substitutes for chemical insecticides in improving cowpea yields.
Principal Component Analysis for Evaluation of Guinea grass (Panicum maximum...Agriculture Journal IJOEAR
Abstract— The present study was conducted to study the variability among the genotypes by Principal Component Analysis (PCA) in order to select those that are most suitable for breeding programme. This study included ten quantitative traits. The result of principal component analysis showed that the first four principal components with Eigen value greater than 0.88 contributed about 76.10 per cent of total variation in the population. The variability of the genotypes was interpreted based on four principal components, the first principal component described the yield level, the second principal component described the productivity and quality and the last two principal components described the quality of the fodder which indicating that the identified traits within the axes exhibited great influence on the phenotype and this could be effectively used for selection among the tested entries for further development of Guinea grass varieties with improved fodder yield and quality.
Comparison of Growth and Development of Pleurotus florida against Wastes from...Dr. siddhant
Two wastes from animal origin, viz., human hairs and egg shells were evaluated for different manifestations of white oyster mushroom, Pleurotus florida. The mushroom utilized both the
substrates for their growth and sporophore formation. The mycelial growth was significantly (P=0.05) faster on egg shell (18 days) as compared to human hair (23 days). The crop of mushroom was harvested in four flushes where human hairs showed higher yield and biological efficiency of mushroom (165 gm, 33%) than egg shells (155 gm, 31%), respectively. In respect of yield parameters such as yield, biological efficiency, number of mushroom fruit bodies and average weight of
sporophores, both the substrates were statistically at par to each other. Utilization of human hairs egg shells by P. florida reveals a new strategy for mycoremediation of these wastes.
The document summarizes a study on in-vitro plantlet regeneration in nine mint genotypes using three different explants. The main findings are:
1) Shoot tip explants produced shoots earlier (20.09 days) and in greater numbers compared to nodal segments and leaves. However, leaves initiated root formation earliest (15.67 days) though shoot tips produced the most roots.
2) Among genotypes, MP-1 initiated shoots earliest (9.94 days) while MP-6 initiated roots earliest (12.72 days).
3) The combination of shoot tip explant and MP-1 genotype performed best, initiating shoots within 9.67 days on average. Nodal segments of MP-
The journal 'HortFlora Research Spectrum' is Indexed/Abstracted in
• Index Copernicus International, Poland with ICV: 4.79 • Ministry of Science & Higher Education, Poland with 02 points • Global Impact Factor with GIF 0.287• Indian Science Abstracts • CAB Abstracts • CABI Full text • CAB direct • ICRISAT-infoSAT • Google Scholar• CiteFactor • InfoBase Index • ResearchBib • AgBiotech Net • Horticultural Science Abstracts • Forestry & Agroforestry Abstracts• Agric. Engg. Abstracts • Crop Physiology Abstracts • PGRs Abstracts • ResearchGate.net • getCited.com • Reference Repository • EBSCO host • University of Washington Library • University of Ottawa Library • Swedish University of Agric. Sci.
This document outlines a study on the inheritance patterns in sesame (Sesamum indicum L.). It will involve analyzing F1 and F2 generations from crosses between superior sesame genotypes. Observations will be recorded on various morphological traits for inheritance analysis. Statistical analyses like mean, range, genetic advance, heritability, and analysis of variance will be conducted. Previous related studies on inheritance of traits like petal color, seed coat color, and heterosis in sesame and other crops are briefly reviewed. The study will be conducted at a research farm in Bilaspur, Chhattisgarh, India during the 2019-2020 kharif and rabi seasons.
This document summarizes a study that used molecular markers to analyze genetic transformation in grafted Citrus sinensis (sweet orange) plants. Random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) and simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers were used to compare DNA from scion mother plants, grafted plants, and rootstock plants from Manipur. Three primers detected genetic differences between the samples. One RAPD primer found an amplicon present in rootstocks and grafts but not scions, indicating transmission from stock to scion. Another RAPD primer produced an excess amplicon in grafts not found in stock or scion. One SSR primer detected the absence of an amplicon in two grafts
RAPD Analysis Of Rapidly Multiplied In Vitro Plantlets of Anthurium Andreanum...IOSR Journals
This document summarizes a study that analyzed genetic variation in Anthurium andreanum plantlets multiplied through in vitro culture. Seeds were germinated and a single plantlet was cultured on MS medium supplemented with hormones and used as the mother plant. Shoots were transferred to four media including MS medium and proliferated over 10 cycles. RAPD analysis found the mother plant was genetically identical to plantlets in some media but unique band patterns in others indicated mutations, showing in vitro culture induced genetic variability compared to the original mother plant.
S M Masiul Azam, Md Shahidul Islam, Parvin Shahanaz, Md Shafiqur Rahman and Sarder Md Shahriar Alam. “Molecular Characterization of Brassica Cultivars through RAPD Markers” United International Journal for Research & Technology (UIJRT) 1.3 (2019): 41-45.
Molecular characterization of rice (Oryza sativa L.) genotypes using target r...Innspub Net
In the present investigation, based on the seven rice putative candidate iron transporter genes, novel TRAP markers were developed. These markers were successfully employed in the molecular diversity study among 30 rice genotypes representing improved rice cultivars and land races with varied grain iron content (7.38 - 30.58 ppm). Totally, thirty TRAP primer combinations were screened, which generated 703 bands out of which 654 were polymorphic (93%) with an average of 21.8 bands per primer combination. The average polymorphic information content (PIC) values ranged from 0.09 (Osysl4b+ME05) to 0.25 (Osnramp5c+ME05, Osnramp1b+ME02 and Osysl4a +ME02). Gene diversity (H ˆ
) ranged from 0.10 (Osysl4b+ME05) to 0.31 (Osnramp1b + ME02 and Osysl4a +ME02). The Jaccard dissimilarity ranged from 0.15 to 0.52, explaining 37% of genetic variation (Table 4). Grouping of genotypes based on UPGMA and principal coordinate analysis (PCoA) were found comparable and grouping of genotypes into a different cluster was found mainly on the basis of pedigree relationships. TRAP markers revealed well resolved relationships among rice genotypes. The information generated from this study will helps to select parental combinations for breeding high iron content
rice varieties.
Evaluation of some morphological and yield component traitsAlexander Decker
This study evaluated the relationship between soybean seed yield and various morphological and yield component traits under different population densities and phosphorus levels over two growing seasons. The results showed that pod weight had the strongest correlation with seed yield per plant (R2=0.998), followed by number of seeds per plant (R2=0.937) and number of pods per plant (R2=0.884). Regression analyses found that yield component traits explained more variation in seed yield (R2=0.999) than morphological traits (R2=0.713). Specifically, pod weight, number of pods, and number of seeds per plant contributed most to determining soybean seed yield. These key traits could be useful for soy
Estimation of genetic parameters and gene actions of sorghum [Sorghum bicolor...Innspub Net
A study of sorghum tolerance to low P condition was conducted in two experiments : (1) in nutrient solution and
(2) in acid soil. The aim of this study was to obtain information on the genetic variability and heritability of agronomic characters that could be used as selection criteria in low P condition and to obtain information on gene action that controlled agronomic characters of sorghum.The plant materials used in this experiment were F2 segregating population derived from the cross between B69 and Numbu. The first experiment was conducted in the green house of Bogor Agricultural University. B69, Numbu and F2 population were grown hidroponically for 14 days. Composition of the nutrient solution used in the experiment followed the method suggested by Ohki with modification of P concentration. P is given in the form of KH2PO4: 0.001 mM. The results showed that shoot dry weight (SDW) and total dry weight (TDW) had high estimate of heritability and moderate genotypic
coefficient of variance (GCV), thus these characters can be used for criteria selection for low P tolerance at seedling stage. The significant value of skweness from the distribution shoot dry weight in F2 segregants, indicate the presence of complementary epistasis gene action, whereas normal distribution of total dry weight showed additive gene action. The second experiment was conducted in acid soils of Bogor District Experimental Field Tenjo, Bogor. The results showed that stem diameter, panicle weight and grain yield per plant had high heritability and wide GCV value, indicating these characters can be used as the selection criteria in selecting
sorghum genotypes for low P tolerance in acid soil. Based on the skewness values, all of the agronomy characters
observed in this study were influenced by additive gene action. Get more articles at: http://www.innspub.net/volume-7-number-3-september-2015-ijaar/
Assessment of Genetic Diversity in 13 Local Banana (Musa Spp.) Cultivars Usin...paperpublications3
Abstract: A Study was conducted to investigate the genetic variability among 13 local banana cultivars using 3 SSR primers of Mb1-69, Mb1-113 and Mb1-134. All the primer pairs amplified a total of 29 different marker bands with an average of 9.6 bands per primer. Among the 29 bands only 4 bands were monomorphic and the rest 25 bands were polymorphic. The sizes of the amplified DNA bands in 13 local banana cultivars varied from 200 bp to 600 bp. The primer Mb1-113 amplified the highest (14) number of DNA bands and the primer Mb1-69 amplified the lowest (7) number of DNA bands whilst primer Mb1-134 amplified 8 DNA bands. The values of pair-wise genetic distances ranged from 1.00 to 9.00 indicating the presence of wide genetic diversity. The dendogram constructed based on phylogenetic relationship analysis revealed that the highest genetic diversity (9.00) found between the cultivars champa and jawayta and also the cultivars champa and jahazy whilst the lowest (1.00) between the cultivars doubled haploid and kathaly, doubled haploid and sorishafruity, doubled haploid and amritsagor and doubled haploid and ganasundory. The UPGMA dendogram has segregated the 13 local banana cultivars into two major clusters. Agnishwar and champa formed in cluster 1 and the rest of the cultivars like sobri jesore, sobri, anazy, kathaly, jawayta, sorishafruity, amritsagor, jahazy, bangle, ganasundory and doubled haploid have constituted the cluster 2.
Analysis of Seed Proteins in Groundnut Cultivars (Arachis hypogaea L.)IJERA Editor
The seed protein contents and protein banding pattern were studied in commonly cultivated groundnut cultivars.
The groundnut cultivars such as ICGV00351, TMV-7, CO-4,CO-6 and TG-374 were used for quantitative and
qualitative analysis of seed proteins. The protein contents varied among the different varieties of groundnut. The
maximum protein content was observed in CO-6 followed by CO-4, TMV-7, ICGV00351 and TG-374. There
was a slight differences in protein content among the different cultivars. All the five cultivars of groundnut were
subjected to SDS-PAGE analysis. The results revealed that the variation in total number of bands and MW-Rf
values. The maximum number of MW-Rf value was noticed in TG-374 and ICGV00351, and the minimum
MW-Rf value was 11 recorded in CO-6 and TMV-7.
Dioscorea rotundata is a staple food crop for millions of people in the tropical and subtropical regions. In vitro germplasm conservation is a very useful tool in yam improvement strategies but very little is known about the genetic integrity and stability of in-vitro conserved yam plants. In this study, 42 accessions from in vitro and field populations were genotyped using 11 microsatellite markers and 23 morphological descriptors to assess variability within and between accessions. Out of the 23 morphological variables used, 13 were identified as most discriminate and were used to cluster the accessions into 4 clusters using the unweighted pair group arithmetic mean average (UPGMA). Accession maintained in field as well as in in-vitro showed high genetic similarity (R2 = 0.91, p-value: 1e-04). Out of the 42 accessions analyzed, nine accessions maintained in the field and in-vitro displayed different genetic profiles. This study provided basic information on the possible somaclonal variation of yam accessions maintained through in-vitro. Further study with advanced tools such as next-generation sequencing is required to elucidate the nature of the observed variation within clones.
Molecular marker to identify gynoecious lines in bitter gourdSwati Saxena
This document discusses the identification of molecular markers associated with the gynoecious trait in bitter gourd. Twenty-four gynoecious plants were screened using 200 RAPD and 28 ISSR markers. One ISSR primer amplified a 1000 base pair fragment present in all gynoecious plants but absent in two monoecious varieties. This fragment was repeatably amplified and could serve as a diagnostic marker for gynoecy, allowing identification of the trait at an early stage for hybrid seed production.
This document describes the development of 160 novel simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers in bitter gourd (Momordica charantia L.) through enriched genomic libraries. Genomic DNA from bitter gourd was used to construct libraries enriched for 10 different repeat motifs. Of the 3,072 clones screened, 93.7% contained microsatellite repeats. Unique primer pairs were designed and validated for 151 loci. Genetic diversity analysis of 51 loci among 54 accessions found 20% were polymorphic. The markers distinguished 15 Indian varieties and 78.4% were transferable across six Momordica species. The new SSR markers will be useful for genetic studies in bitter gourd.
Evaluation of seed storage proteins in common bean by some biplot analysisINNS PUBNET
In order to study of seed storage proteins, proteins samples of common bean genotypes were prepared by 0.2 M
NaCl of extracting soluble. Genotypes were located in two groups by cluster analysis using Wilks’ lambda
statistic. Two groups were different for yield components (number of pods per plant, number of seeds per plant
and seed weight). Factor analysis showed that two factors described 61% of total proteins variation. Correlated
bands with yield components characters had the highest coefficients for the first factor. This factor was named
“yield components proteins”. Protein bands via RM 58 and 64 had relationship with days to flowering.
Therefore, the second factor was named “phenologic proteins”. Genotypes were located in four groups by these
factors. Length, angle and presence of protein bands were important characteristics to explain graphical
information in GGE biplot compared to factor analysis. Get the full articles at: http://www.innspub.net/volume-3-number-5-may-2013/
VARIABILITY STUDY IN F2 MATERIALS OF INTERVARIETAL CROSS OF BRINJAL (Solanum ...Moniruzzaman Shohag
This study evaluated variability in F2 populations of brinjal (eggplant) crosses. Significant variation was found among genotypes for traits like plant height, fruit circumference, single fruit weight, days to first harvest, days to last harvest, and yield per plant. The best performing genotype was Line-01× Line-25F2, which had the highest single fruit weight and yield per plant. Several other genotypes, including Line-01× Line-25F1 and Line-23× Line-24F2, also performed well for yield. The genotype Line-23× Line-24F2 was the earliest for days to flowering and first harvest. High heritability was observed for most traits, suggesting additive gene effects
Influence of phosphorous acid application on the accumulation of total phenol...Innspub Net
One mechanism used by coconut plant to protect itself against Phytophthorakatsurae is linked to total
polyphenols production. This study aimed to investigate the impact of phosphorous acid plant treatment on the
production of total polyphenols in coconuthusk, as part of chemical control.The study was conducted on two
coconuts cultivars (EGD and PB 121+) with four doses of phosphorous acid [Control, 2.8 g (TA), 5.6 g (TB), 11.2 g
(TC)]. At each sampling, the husks were processed and extracts were prepared for total polyphenols assays. There
was significant difference between EGD and PB 121+ total polyphenols production (p<0.001).The interaction
between coconut variety and phosphorous acid doses was also significant.The interaction EGD and TC had the
highest total polyphenols accumulation of 4838.5 µg/g of fresh weight (FW). For PB121+, the highest total polyphenols accumulation of 6433.71 µg/g FW was obtained from the interaction between PB121+ and T0. From this observation, it could be statedthat phosphorous acid only triggers the treated plantdefense mechanisms to produce total phenolic compounds when attacked by a pathogen. Get more articles at: http://www.innspub.net/volume-7-number-3-september-2015-ijaar/
Evaluation of genetic diversity in pea (Pisum sativum) based on morpho-agrono...Shoaib Ur Rehman
This study evaluated genetic diversity in 128 pea accessions based on 4 qualitative traits (flower color, testa color, cotyledon color, pod shape) and 11 quantitative traits (plant height, total pod number, pods per plant, total pod weight, pod weight per plant, average pod length, width, thickness, seed weight, seed weight per plant, seed index). Principal component analysis revealed that the first two principal components accounted for 55% of the variation. Traits like average pod thickness, length and width were positively correlated with weight per pod. Cotyledon color was negatively correlated with other yield traits. The study identified diverse groups of accessions that could be used as parents in breeding programs to generate transgressive seg
The use of plants extracts in the improvement of cowpea yield at dang (Ngaoun...Innspub Net
In the substitution of chemical insecticides with potential biopesticides, the efficiency of Lippia multiflora, Plectranthus glandulosus and Callistemon rigidus were evaluated on the improvement of cowpea (Vinia unguiculata) in Dang (Ngaoundere, Cameroon). The experiment was conducted in a completely randomized block design with 5 treatments repeated 4 times each: the negative control, the positive control (Decis), L. multiflora, P. glandulosus and C. rigidus. These different insecticides were sprayed on cowpea plants with 14 days interval starting from the 14th day after sowing. The parameters collected were the diversity of insect pests, the number of pods, and the dry weight of the grains. All of the insecticides used improved cowpea yields. Although less efficient than Decis, most biopesticides significantly (p < 0.001) improved the yield of cowpeas compared to the negative control. This improvement was 260% for C. rigidus, and 120% for P. glandulosus. These results suggest that C. rigidus, P. glandulosus and L. multiflora could be considered as potential substitutes for chemical insecticides in improving cowpea yields.
Principal Component Analysis for Evaluation of Guinea grass (Panicum maximum...Agriculture Journal IJOEAR
Abstract— The present study was conducted to study the variability among the genotypes by Principal Component Analysis (PCA) in order to select those that are most suitable for breeding programme. This study included ten quantitative traits. The result of principal component analysis showed that the first four principal components with Eigen value greater than 0.88 contributed about 76.10 per cent of total variation in the population. The variability of the genotypes was interpreted based on four principal components, the first principal component described the yield level, the second principal component described the productivity and quality and the last two principal components described the quality of the fodder which indicating that the identified traits within the axes exhibited great influence on the phenotype and this could be effectively used for selection among the tested entries for further development of Guinea grass varieties with improved fodder yield and quality.
Comparison of Growth and Development of Pleurotus florida against Wastes from...Dr. siddhant
Two wastes from animal origin, viz., human hairs and egg shells were evaluated for different manifestations of white oyster mushroom, Pleurotus florida. The mushroom utilized both the
substrates for their growth and sporophore formation. The mycelial growth was significantly (P=0.05) faster on egg shell (18 days) as compared to human hair (23 days). The crop of mushroom was harvested in four flushes where human hairs showed higher yield and biological efficiency of mushroom (165 gm, 33%) than egg shells (155 gm, 31%), respectively. In respect of yield parameters such as yield, biological efficiency, number of mushroom fruit bodies and average weight of
sporophores, both the substrates were statistically at par to each other. Utilization of human hairs egg shells by P. florida reveals a new strategy for mycoremediation of these wastes.
The document summarizes a study on in-vitro plantlet regeneration in nine mint genotypes using three different explants. The main findings are:
1) Shoot tip explants produced shoots earlier (20.09 days) and in greater numbers compared to nodal segments and leaves. However, leaves initiated root formation earliest (15.67 days) though shoot tips produced the most roots.
2) Among genotypes, MP-1 initiated shoots earliest (9.94 days) while MP-6 initiated roots earliest (12.72 days).
3) The combination of shoot tip explant and MP-1 genotype performed best, initiating shoots within 9.67 days on average. Nodal segments of MP-
The journal 'HortFlora Research Spectrum' is Indexed/Abstracted in
• Index Copernicus International, Poland with ICV: 4.79 • Ministry of Science & Higher Education, Poland with 02 points • Global Impact Factor with GIF 0.287• Indian Science Abstracts • CAB Abstracts • CABI Full text • CAB direct • ICRISAT-infoSAT • Google Scholar• CiteFactor • InfoBase Index • ResearchBib • AgBiotech Net • Horticultural Science Abstracts • Forestry & Agroforestry Abstracts• Agric. Engg. Abstracts • Crop Physiology Abstracts • PGRs Abstracts • ResearchGate.net • getCited.com • Reference Repository • EBSCO host • University of Washington Library • University of Ottawa Library • Swedish University of Agric. Sci.
This document outlines a study on the inheritance patterns in sesame (Sesamum indicum L.). It will involve analyzing F1 and F2 generations from crosses between superior sesame genotypes. Observations will be recorded on various morphological traits for inheritance analysis. Statistical analyses like mean, range, genetic advance, heritability, and analysis of variance will be conducted. Previous related studies on inheritance of traits like petal color, seed coat color, and heterosis in sesame and other crops are briefly reviewed. The study will be conducted at a research farm in Bilaspur, Chhattisgarh, India during the 2019-2020 kharif and rabi seasons.
This document summarizes a study that used molecular markers to analyze genetic transformation in grafted Citrus sinensis (sweet orange) plants. Random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) and simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers were used to compare DNA from scion mother plants, grafted plants, and rootstock plants from Manipur. Three primers detected genetic differences between the samples. One RAPD primer found an amplicon present in rootstocks and grafts but not scions, indicating transmission from stock to scion. Another RAPD primer produced an excess amplicon in grafts not found in stock or scion. One SSR primer detected the absence of an amplicon in two grafts
RAPD Analysis Of Rapidly Multiplied In Vitro Plantlets of Anthurium Andreanum...IOSR Journals
This document summarizes a study that analyzed genetic variation in Anthurium andreanum plantlets multiplied through in vitro culture. Seeds were germinated and a single plantlet was cultured on MS medium supplemented with hormones and used as the mother plant. Shoots were transferred to four media including MS medium and proliferated over 10 cycles. RAPD analysis found the mother plant was genetically identical to plantlets in some media but unique band patterns in others indicated mutations, showing in vitro culture induced genetic variability compared to the original mother plant.
S M Masiul Azam, Md Shahidul Islam, Parvin Shahanaz, Md Shafiqur Rahman and Sarder Md Shahriar Alam. “Molecular Characterization of Brassica Cultivars through RAPD Markers” United International Journal for Research & Technology (UIJRT) 1.3 (2019): 41-45.
Molecular characterization of rice (Oryza sativa L.) genotypes using target r...Innspub Net
In the present investigation, based on the seven rice putative candidate iron transporter genes, novel TRAP markers were developed. These markers were successfully employed in the molecular diversity study among 30 rice genotypes representing improved rice cultivars and land races with varied grain iron content (7.38 - 30.58 ppm). Totally, thirty TRAP primer combinations were screened, which generated 703 bands out of which 654 were polymorphic (93%) with an average of 21.8 bands per primer combination. The average polymorphic information content (PIC) values ranged from 0.09 (Osysl4b+ME05) to 0.25 (Osnramp5c+ME05, Osnramp1b+ME02 and Osysl4a +ME02). Gene diversity (H ˆ
) ranged from 0.10 (Osysl4b+ME05) to 0.31 (Osnramp1b + ME02 and Osysl4a +ME02). The Jaccard dissimilarity ranged from 0.15 to 0.52, explaining 37% of genetic variation (Table 4). Grouping of genotypes based on UPGMA and principal coordinate analysis (PCoA) were found comparable and grouping of genotypes into a different cluster was found mainly on the basis of pedigree relationships. TRAP markers revealed well resolved relationships among rice genotypes. The information generated from this study will helps to select parental combinations for breeding high iron content
rice varieties.
22. utilization of ssr markers for seed purity testing in popular rice hybridsVishwanath Koti
This document describes a study that used simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers to identify two popular rice hybrids (KRH-2 and DRRH-2) and their parental lines. Thirty-five SSR markers were tested, and six were found to be polymorphic across the hybrids and parents, allowing unique fingerprints for each hybrid. Five markers (RM 206, RM 276, RM 204, RM 234 and RM 228) differentiated the two hybrids. Analysis of parental lines found residual heterozygosity at two loci, highlighting the importance of SSR markers for maintaining genetic purity. A 20x20 grow-out matrix trial validated that the identified SSR markers effectively detected contaminants in commercial seed lots, comparable to
Genetic Variability for Antioxidant Activity and Total Phenolic Content in Fo...CrimsonpublishersNTNF
This document reports on a study that assessed genetic variability for total phenolic content and antioxidant activity in 139 genotypes of four pulse crops: chickpea, lentil, pigeonpea, and blackgram. Significant genetic variation was found for both total phenolic content and antioxidant activity across all genotypes. Blackgram genotypes had the highest mean phenolic content and antioxidant activity, followed by pigeonpea, chickpea, and lentil. Within each crop, phenolic content and antioxidant activity varied between genotypes. Highly significant correlations between phenolic content and antioxidant activity were found for all crops except pigeonpea. The study indicates genetic diversity exists that can be exploited for improving antioxidant levels in these important pulse crops.
Alinteri Journal of Agriculture Sciences is an online academic journal that has been published biannually since 2007. It is an open-access, international journal that follows a double-blind peer-review process.
Molecular characterization of pea (Pisum sativum L.) using microsatellite mar...IOSR Journals
Nineteen pea (Pisum sativum L.) accessions have been characterized using Simple Sequence Repeats (SSRs). The mains objectives of this study were to examine SSR polymorphism among cultivars and to assess genetic diversity among them. Eight microsatellites, from the Pisum microsatellite consortium (Agrogene ®, France) have been used. Five of the eight SSRs studied gave good electrophoretic profiles and helped us to amplify a number of alleles per locus varying from 3 (PSMPA5 and PSMPA6) to 13 (PSMPSAD126) with a total of 34 and an average number of 6.8 alleles per locus. The Polymorphism Information Content (PIC) varied from 0.18 for PSMPSAD134 to 0.85 for PSMPSAD126, with an average value of 0.62. The five microsatellites analyzed allowed us to separate 18 out of the 19 genotypes studied, and only the two most polymorphic markers (PSMPSAA205 and PSMPSAD126), permit to discriminate among the same genotypes (18) separated using the 5 SSRs. Genetic distances computed have been used to draw the corresponding dendrogram and to distribute genotypes according to their genetic relationship. The genotypes classified within the same group share several agro-morphological characters. Finally, the present study attests that SSR microsatellites are good tools for identifying genotypes and for the assessment of genetic diversity in pea.
1) The study analyzed genetic diversity among 12 genotypes of Cymbopogon flexuosus using morphological markers, biochemical analysis of essential oils, and molecular markers (RAPD and ISSR).
2) RAPD and ISSR analysis found high levels of polymorphism (86.62%) among the genotypes. The dendrogram based on combined RAPD and ISSR data grouped the genotypes into two main clusters.
3) The genotypes RLJ-M7 and RLJ-M9 showed the highest similarity (0.90), while RLJ-M3 and RLJ-M10 showed the lowest similarity (0.57).
1) The study analyzed genetic diversity in 66 finger millet accessions from Ethiopia and Eritrea using RAPD markers.
2) A total of 123 RAPD fragments were amplified using 15 primers, of which 89 (72%) were found to be polymorphic.
3) Genetic similarity between accessions ranged from 0.585 to 0.984. Cluster analysis grouped the 66 accessions into nine clusters at a similarity index of 0.83, showing high genetic variability among the accessions.
The study aimed to evaluate genetic diversity among 40 aromatic rice genotypes from Odisha, India using microsatellite (SSR) marker analysis. Twenty-two of the 24 SSR primer pairs used were found to be polymorphic. A total of 51 alleles were detected across loci, with an average of 2.3 alleles per locus. Four SSR loci showed high levels of polymorphism information content. Cluster analysis grouped the genotypes into two major clusters corresponding to their eco-geographic regions. Several SSR markers were identified that can help distinguish genotypes and aid future breeding programs. The study demonstrated that SSR markers are useful for evaluating genetic diversity and relationships among aromatic rice germplasm.
tomato fruit show wide phenotypic diversity but fruit developmental gene show...Kamal Tyagi
- Researchers analyzed 127 tomato accessions from 20 countries and found extensive diversity in fruit traits, clustering them into 9 classes based on traits like soluble solids, carotenoids, ripening index, weight, and shape.
- They screened 10 genes involved in plant development for SNPs using EcoTILLING and found 36 non-synonymous and 18 synonymous changes, identifying 28 haplotypes. However, genetic diversity in the fruit development genes was low compared to the wide phenotypic diversity observed.
- While fruit shape was found to be a complex trait influenced by multiple factors, 100% variance between round and flat fruits was explained by one discriminant function. The study indicates potential to further exploit the morphological and genetic diversity in the
1) The study analyzed the morphological and molecular characteristics of 10 Iranian olive cultivars to clarify inconsistencies in their classification.
2) Morphological analysis revealed homonyms and mislabeling among 5 cultivars and led to reclassifying the 10 cultivars into 27 new groups.
3) Genetic analysis using RAPD markers on a subset of samples supported some aspects of the new morphological classification, helping to validate it.
Detection of Genetic variation in tissue culture clones of date palm using IS...IJSRD
Date palm is a plant having high nutritional value and long life (yielding up to 100 years). Phoenix dactylifera requires 2-5 males for pollination of 100 females’ plant depending up on genetic and environment factors. Therefore paternity variation expected to very low according to PCR based techniques, Even though we have tried to find out genetic variation among tissue culture cloned plant. Tissue culture technique can be used for genetic improvement of date palm. The main purpose of this study was to evaluate the genetic variation in the tissue culture clones of date palm by using ISSR primers among mother and it’s two clones. The plant DNA was extracted and subjected to detection of genetic variation in two groups of date palm using ISSR primers. In this study ISSR primers produced monomorphic bands within group-1 and group-2. Genetic variation in tissue culture clones of date palm was not detecte by UBC primer series.
To study of the genetic variations among the Azospirillum lipoferu isolates u...ijsrd.com
Among free-living microorganisms, which can be practically used in agriculture, bacteria from the Azospirillum genus as well as other endophytes are nowadays thought of as the most active component of associative dinitrogen fixation. The investigation was carried out to study the characterization of Azospirillum lipoferu found in the soils of the ten agro-climatic zones which Karnataka, is classified. By using RAPD markers, 75 bands were scored out of which 78.6 % were found to be polymorphic. Statistical analysis of RAPD data enabled the classification of 10 Azospirillum isolates into two major groups. . In this, the cluster analysis based on 75 RAPD bands revealed that the ten A. lipoferu isolates examined clustered at a linkage distance of about 40 units on the dendrogram. There was no correlation between RAPD and geographical origin of isolates.
Biogeography and polyphasic approach of pseudomonas strains from agriculture ...Alexander Decker
This document summarizes a study on the isolation and characterization of Pseudomonas strains from agricultural land in Madhya Pradesh, India. Soil samples were collected from different districts and 50 Pseudomonas strains were isolated. The isolates were characterized using biochemical tests as well as molecular techniques including DNA isolation, PCR-RFLP of 16S rDNA, RAPD-PCR, and REP-PCR fingerprinting. Genetic diversity analysis showed the isolates had genetic similarity with some variation in their genomes. The isolates exhibited potential for use as plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria and biocontrol agents based on their biochemical profiles.
This document contains an abstract from an issue of the journal HortFlora Research Spectrum.
The abstract summarizes a study that evaluated the financial performance of 60 greenhouses in Guilan Province, Iran using data envelopment analysis. Key findings include 7% of greenhouses had an efficiency rating of 20-40%, 22% were 40-60% efficient, 33% were 60-80% efficient, and 38% had over 80% efficiency.
The document also provides abstracts from other horticulture studies on topics like heterosis in chili peppers, post-harvest treatments to extend the shelf life of aonla fruit, the effects of nutrients on spider lily growth and yield, and a review of turmeric
Factor and Principal Component Analyses of Component of Yield and Morphologic...Premier Publishers
The research was conducted to evaluate the yield performance, genetic variation and diversity of the rice genotypes for breeding purposes. Genetic variability and diversity assessment for component of yield and morphological traits among sixteen lowland rice genotypes were carried out at three locations namely Akungba, Akure and Okitipupa during the rainy seasons of 2013, 2014 and 2015. The experiment was conducted in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) replicated three times, a plot size of 3m x 3m and spacing of 20cm x 20cm was adopted to make a total plant density of 250,000 stands/ha. Cultural operations such as weeding, fertilizer and pesticide applications were carried out as appropriate. Data were collected on plant height, number of tillers per hill, effective tillers, tiller without panicle, flag leaf length, panicle length, panicle weight, number of grains per panicle, number of spikelets per panicle, one thousand grains weight, grain length, grain width, number of days to panicle initiation, number of days to maturity and grain yield per hill. Factor analysis indicated that the first five factors accounted for 79.3 % phenotypic variability, number of tillers, effective tillers with panicle, number of days to flowering and number of days to maturity exhibited 1.00 communality. The first eight principal components had cumulative variance of 93.1 %, whereas, PC(s) 1 and 2 had eigen value greater than 2.0. Therefore, factor and principal component analyses identified some similar characters as the most important for classifying the variation among rice genotypes and these include grain yield, panicle weight, panicle length, one thousand grain weight and number of effective tillers per hill.
Characterisation of some Ribes L. accessions from Turkey based on SSRs patternsAgriculture Journal IJOEAR
This document summarizes a study that analyzed genetic variability among 7 Ribes alpinum, 2 Ribes bieberstenii, and 1 Ribes uva-crispa accessions from Turkey using SSR (microsatellite) markers. A total of 10 SSR primers were used, producing 172 bands between 50-330 base pairs in length. 157 of these bands were polymorphic, representing 91.2% genetic diversity. The SSR patterns allowed for delineation of the Ribes accessions at both the specific and intraspecific levels, providing additional data for characterization of the Ribes gene pool in Anatolia.
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Molecular Diversity Analysis of Some Local Ginger (Zingiber officinale) Genotypes Using RAPD Markers
1. International journal of Horticulture, Agriculture and Food science(IJHAF) Vol-3, Issue-1, Jan-Feb, 2019
https://dx.doi.org/10.22161/ijhaf.3.1.3 ISSN: 2456-8635
www.aipublications.com Page | 20
Molecular Diversity Analysis of Some Local
Ginger (Zingiber officinale) Genotypes Using
RAPD Markers
M.E. Hoque1 and F.T. Zohura2
1Professor, Department of Biotechnology, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Sher-e-Bangla Nagar, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
Email: ekramul.sau@gmail.com
2MS Student, Department of Biotechnology, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Sher-e-Bangla Nagar, Dhaka,
Bangladesh.
Email: tamannafatema75@gmail.com
Abstract—Ginger (Zingiber officinale) rhizomes have
been widely used as a spice and flavoring agent in foods
and beverages in Bangladesh as well as in all over the
world for its economical and medicinal values. The
present investigation was undertaken for the assessment
of 13 local ginger genotypes collected from different
region of Bangladesh through 7 RAPD primers. Genomic
DNA was extracted from ginger genotypes using CTAB
method. A total of 34 distinct and differential
amplification bands ranging from 150-1200 bp were
observed with an average of 1.14 polymorphic bands per
primer. The overall gene diversity was detected 0.8052
and the value of PIC was detected 0.7532. The RAPD
marker generate enough polymorphism for possible use
in diversity studiesthrough cluster analysisand principal
component analysis (PCA). PCA classified 13 ginger
genotypes into four groups and showed in two
dimensional scatter plot. The genetic similarity
coefficients among genotypesranged from 0.103 to 0.654.
Cluster analysis based on Jaccard’s similarity-coefficient
using UPGMA grouped the genotypes into two clusters:
Cluster A and Cluster B. The cluster ‘A’ had only one
genotype Kaptai local and the second cluster ‘B’ had rest
of twelve genotypes. The prevalence level of
polymorphism in the local genotypes of ginger will help
to breeders for ginger improvement program.
Keywords— Ginger, Molecular diversity,
Polymorphism, RAPD.
I. INTRODUCTION
Ginger (Zingiber officinale) is a herbaceous perennial
vegetatively propagated underground tuberous aromatic
stems (rhizomes). It is a source of pungent and spicy
aroma with great economic and herbal medicinal value.
Ginger is rich in secondary metabolites oleoresin and
volatile oil (Barnes et al., 2002; Sweetman, 2007) and
also having more than 400 different bio chemicals which
has the medicinal and spicy value (Garner-Wizard et al.,
2006). It is an important spice as well as cash crop of
Bangladesh. The major ginger producing countries of the
world are India, Pakistan, Nepal, China, Japan, Taiwan,
Malaysia, Indonesia, Jamaica, Sierra Leone, Nigeria,
Mauritius, and Australia (Jansen, 1981; Yiljep et al.,
2005). In Bangladesh, ginger grows well in Rangpur,
Nilphamari, Tangail, Rangamati, Bandarban, Khagrachari
and Chittagong district (Choudhury et al., 1998). The
food, perfumery, and pharmacy industries are the main
outlets where ginger is used. It is found to be used in
various pickles, cake and chatni and also used in
preparing medicine like ayuratic, homeopathic, and also
allopathic.
The average yield of ginger is about 15-25 tons/ha which
is very low compared to world statistics (BBS 2017). The
use of local rhizome, traditional varieties and many biotic
and abiotic stress are the major constrains of low yield of
ginger. Development of high yielding varieties is one of
the challenges for the breeders. Crop genetic resources
with a broad genetic base and high variability are vital to
crop improvement program. Most of the crop
improvement programs of ginger are restricted to the
assessment and selection of naturally occurring clonal
variations (Rout et al., 1998; Palai and Rout,2007).
Assessment and characterization of the existing genetic
diversity within the taxon is critical for planning a
meaningful breeding strategy (Cooper et al., 2001).
A number of techniques such as morphological traits,
total seed protein, isozymes and various types of
molecular markers are available for studying the
variability of crop germplasm. However, molecular
markers provide powerful and reliable tools for assessing
variations within crop germplasm and for studying
evolutionary relationships (Gepts,1993). Molecular
markers are not prone to environmental influences and
accurately characterize the plants portraying the extent of
2. International journal of Horticulture, Agriculture and Food science(IJHAF) Vol-3, Issue-1, Jan-Feb, 2019
https://dx.doi.org/10.22161/ijhaf.3.1.3 ISSN: 2456-8635
www.aipublications.com Page | 21
genetic diversity among taxa (Bennett and Smith, 1991;
Rodriguez et al., 1999; Das et al., 2001). Among different
molecular markers RAPD techniques generated by the
polymerase chain reaction (PCR) has widely been using
to assess genetic variation at gene level (Welsh and
McClelland, 1990; William et al., 1990). The technique
of RAPD achieved importance due to its simplicity,
efficiency and non-requirement of sequence information
(Karp et al., 1997). RAPD markers have been widely
used for identification of genetic relationship among
cultivars (Tosti and Nejri,2002). Therefore, the present
investigation was carried out to study polymorphism
among the different local ginger genotypes through
RAPD marker and diversity analysis at DNA level for
ginger improvement programs.
II. MATERIALS AND METHODS
The experiments were carried out at Department of
Biotechnology, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University,
Sher-e-Bangla Nagar, Dhaka, Bangladesh. Thirteen local
ginger genotypes were collected from different area of
Bangladesh and used as experimental materials. The
ginger varieties were Kurigram local, Tangail local,
Jamalpur local, Modupur local, B. Baria local, Rangamati
local, Thakurgoan local-1, Thakurgoan local-2,
Lalmonirhat local-1, Lalmonirhat local-2, Lalmonirhat
local-3, Rangpur local and Kaptai local.
2.1 Seedling raising
Good quality, disease free and healthy rhizome were
sown in plastic pots. All management practices were done
for raising quality seedlings from those materials. Fresh
and tender leaves were collected at young leaf stage of
plant for extraction of DNA.
2.2 Extraction and quantification of DNA
Total genomic DNA was extracted from each ginger
genotypes by cetyltrimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB)
method with slight modification according to Frey et al.,
(2004). The extracted DNA was purified by iso-propanol
and treated with 10µg/ml RNase for 20-25 min at 37°C to
remove the RNA. The purified DNA was dissolved in TE
buffer and quantification of DNA was done through
electrophoresis on 1% agarose gel staining by ethidium
bromide. Finally sample DNA was stored at -20°C freezer
for further use.
2.3 Primer selection and PCR amplification
Seven RAPD primers were selected for this study PCR
reaction were performed in a 10µl reaction mix
containing 5.0 µl 2X Taq master mix, 1.0 µl primer, 2.0
µl sterile deionized water, 2.0 µl (20-25 ng) genomic
DNA. Samples were subjected to the following thermal
profile for amplification in a thermocycler: 4 min at 95°C
for initial denaturation followed by 31 cycles of 45 sec
denaturation at 94°C, 30 sec at 35°C (annealing) and 1
min at 72°C (extension) and a final extension step at 72°C
for 5 min. Electrophoresis was carried out in 1X TBE
buffer on a 2% agarose gel and amplified fragments were
visualized by staining with ethidium bromide. The
amplified bands were visually scored as present (1) and
absent (0) separately for each individual primer. The
scores of bands were pooled to create a single data matrix
to estimate polymorphic loci, polymorphic information
content, principal component analysis and population
structure analysis. Unweighted Pair Group Method of
Arithmetic Means (UPGMA) dendrogram was
constructed using a computer programme, POPGENE
(Version 1.31) based on Nei’s (1972) genetic distance
used to determine similarity matrix following Dice
coefficient with SAHN subprogram(Yehet al., 1999).
III. RESULT AND DISCUSSION
Seven decamer RAPD primers viz. OPG19, OPJ13,
OPM07, OPM05, OPP13, OPW03, and OPX04 showed
reproducible and distinct polymorphic amplified bands
(Fig. 1-7). A total of 34 bands were scored of which 8
(23.50%) were polymorphic. The size of the amplified
products ranged from 150-1200 bp (Table-1). The highest
(3) number of polymorphic band was produced by the
primer OPP 13. The primer OPM 05 and OPW 03 were
not able to regenerate any polymorphic band. Maximum
50% of polymorphism was recorded in the primerOPP 13
and OPM 07followed by primer OPJ13 (28.57%), OPX04
(20%) and OPG 19 (16.67%).
The frequency of the major allele ranged between 0.2308
to 0.4615 with an average value of 0.3187 (Table 2).
Polymorphic Information Content (PIC) value for the 7
markers ranged from 0.6560 to 0. 8496 and the average
PIC value was 0.7532. The highest PIC value (0.8496)
was obtained in the primer OPJ 13 and the lowest PIC
value 0.6560 was obtained for OPW 03 and OPM 05. PIC
value revealed that, OPP 13 and OPJ 13 were considered
as the best marker for 13 ginger genotypes. Gene
diversity ranged between 0.6982 (OPW 03) to 0.8496
(OPP 13 and OPJ 13) with an average of 0.8023. The
results indicated that, the 13 local ginger genotypes
present a degree of homozygosity and also considerable
intra-varietal group diversity and a certain degree of
genetic differentiation and polymorphism. Mia et al.
(2014) investigated on 8 Bangladeshi ginger genotypes
whereas the highest genetic distance (0.5531) was
observed between Indian vs. Syedpuri and the lowest
genetic identity (0.0302) was found in China vs. Sherpuri
genotypic pair of ginger.
Output of the population structure analysis was collected
using the STRUCTURE harvester (Earl D. A., 2012) to
identify 2 as the best K value based on the LnP (D) and
Evanno’s ΔK (Evanno G. et al., 2005). The value of K= 2
means, the total population divided into two sub groups
presented in Fig. 8. Bayesian analysis using
3. International journal of Horticulture, Agriculture and Food science(IJHAF) Vol-3, Issue-1, Jan-Feb, 2019
https://dx.doi.org/10.22161/ijhaf.3.1.3 ISSN: 2456-8635
www.aipublications.com Page | 22
STRUCTURE characterized the population structure for
tested local ginger germplasm. Here only green and only
red were pure variety. Both color indicated admixture of
character. Kurigram local, Tangail local, Thakurgoan
local-2 (red color) and Rangamati local, Thakurgoan
local-1, Lalmonirhat local-2, Lalmonirhat local-3,
Rangpur local, Kaptai local (green color) showed pure
character.
Principal components analysis (PCA) analysis was
conducted also using the PAST software. All 13 ginger
genotypes were classified into four groups and showed in
two dimensional scatter plot. All the groups were
separated from each other (Fig. 9). Highest distance was
showed between Group I and Group III. Group I
represents Kaptai local and Group III represents
Thakurgoan local-2. It indicated that, material selection
from Group I and Group III will be more effective for
ginger improvement program.
The value of pair-wise comparisons Nei ̉s (1972) genetic
distance between 13 ginger genotypes were computed
from combined data through 7 primers, ranging from
0.103 to 0.654. The highest genetic distance 0.654 was
observed in Kaptai local vs. Kurigram local varietal pair
whereas lowest value was observed in B. Baria local and
Modhupur local varietal pair (Table 3).
3.1 Cluster analysis
Dendrogram based on Nei’s (1972) genetic distance using
Unweighted Pair Group Method of Arithmetic Means
(UPGMA) indicated the segregation of 13 genotypes of
ginger into two main clusters: A and B. The first major
cluster ‘A’ had only one genotype (Kaptai local) and the
second major cluster ‘B’ had rest of twelve genotypes.
The second major cluster was subdivided into two minor
clusters (C & D) in which one cluster (D) was subdivided
into two minor cluster which included Kurigram local,
Tangail local and Jamalpur Local. The other cluster (C)
had rest of the nine. This minor cluster was also
subdivided into two clusters (E & F). In which cluster (E)
is divided into two sub clusters (G and H). Modhpur
Local, B. Baria Local, Rangamati Local and Thakurgoan
Local-1 were grouped in Cluster (G) and Thakurgoan
Local-2 formed in cluster (H). Cluster (I) and (J) were the
subdivision of cluster (F). Lalmonirhat Local-1,
Lalmonirhat Local-2 and Lalmonirhat Local-3 grouped in
cluster (I) and Rangpur Local formed in cluster (J) (Fig.
10).
IV. CONCLUSION
The result indicates that the low level genetic distance
exists between varieties with their same or different
origins. Kaptai local vs. Kurigram local showed highest
Nei’s genetic distance (0.654) as they are exit from
different parental origin. On the other hand B.Baria local
vs. Modhupur local varietal pair showed lowest genetic
distance (0.103) as they are cultivated from same parental
origin. This variation can be created by geographical
origin. The result also reveals that the genetic base among
these ginger genotypes is rather narrow. RAPD markers
provide a fast, efficient technique for variability
assessment that complements methods currently being
used in genetic resource management. Being a poorly
studied genome, little information is available on the
molecular characterization of ginger. The result of the
present study can be used as a guideline for future
diversity assessment and genetic analysis of ginger
genotypes.
V. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
The author expressed deepest sense of appreciation and
heartfelt thanks to Ministry of Education, People̕s
republic of Bangladesh for financial support of the
project.
Fig. 1: PCR amplification with RAPD primer OPG 19
M1 & M2 = 1 kb DNA ladder, Lane 1 = Kurigram local, Lane 2 = Tangail local, Lane 3 = Jamalpur local, Lane 4 = Modupur
local, Lane 5 = B. Baria local, Lane 6 = Rangamati local, Lane 7 = Thakurgoan local-1, Lane 8 = Thakurgoan local-2, Lane 9
= Lalmonirhat local-1, Lane 10 = Lalmonirhat local-2, Lane 11 = Lalmonirhat local-3, Lane 12 = Rangpur local and Lane13
= Kaptai local.
4. International journal of Horticulture, Agriculture and Food science(IJHAF) Vol-3, Issue-1, Jan-Feb, 2019
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Fig. 2: PCR amplification with RAPD primer OPJ 13
M1= 100 bp & M2 = 1 kb DNA ladder, Lane 1 = Kurigram local, Lane 2 = Tangail local, Lane 3 = Jamalpur local, Lane 4 =
Modupur local, Lane 5 = B. Baria local, Lane 6 = Rangamati local, Lane 7 = Thakurgoan local-1, Lane 8 = Thakurgoan
local-2, Lane 9 = Lalmonirhat local-1, Lane 10 = Lalmonirhat local-2, Lane 11 = Lalmonirhat local-3, Lane 12 = Rangpur
local and Lane13 = Kaptai local.
Fig. 3: PCR amplification with RAPD primer OPM 05
M1= 100 bp & M2 = 1 kb DNA ladder, Lane 1 = Kurigram local, Lane 2 = Tangail local, Lane 3 = Jamalpur local, Lane 4 =
Modupur local, Lane 5 = B. Baria local, Lane 6 = Rangamati local, Lane 7 = Thakurgoan local-1, Lane 8 = Thakurgoan
local-2, Lane 9 = Lalmonirhat local-1, Lane 10 = Lalmonirhat local-2, Lane 11 = Lalmonirhat local-3, Lane 12 = Rangpur
local and Lane13 = Kaptai local.
Fig. 4: PCR amplification with RAPD primer OPM 07
M1 & M2 = 100 bp DNA ladder, Lane 1 = Kurigram local, Lane 2 = Tangail local, Lane 3 = Jamalpur local, Lane 4 =
Modupur local, Lane 5 = B. Baria local, Lane 6 = Rangamati local, Lane 7 = Thakurgoan local-1, Lane 8 = Thakurgoan
local-2, Lane 9 = Lalmonirhat local-1, Lane 10 = Lalmonirhat local-2, Lane 11 = Lalmonirhat local-3, Lane 12 = Rangpur
local and Lane13 = Kaptai local
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Fig. 5:PCR amplification with RAPD primer OPP 13
M1= 1 kb & M2 = 100 bp DNA ladder, Lane 1 = Kurigram local, Lane 2 = Tangail local, Lane 3 = Jamalpur local, Lane 4 =
Modupur local, Lane 5 = B. Baria local, Lane 6 = Rangamati local, Lane 7 = Thakurgoan local-1, Lane 8 = Thakurgoan
local-2, Lane 9 = Lalmonirhat local-1, Lane 10 = Lalmonirhat local-2, Lane 11 = Lalmonirhat local-3, Lane 12 = Rangpur
local and Lane13 = Kaptai local
Fig. 6: PCR amplification with RAPD primer OPW 03
M1= 1 kb & M2 = 100 bp DNA ladder, Lane 1 = Kurigram local, Lane 2 = Tangail local, Lane 3 = Jamalpur local, Lane 4 =
Modupur local, Lane 5 = B. Baria local, Lane 6 = Rangamati local, Lane 7 = Thakurgoan local-1, Lane 8 = Thakurgoan
local-2, Lane 9 = Lalmonirhat local-1, Lane 10 = Lalmonirhat local-2, Lane 11 = Lalmonirhat local-3, Lane 12 = Rangpur
local and Lane13 = Kaptai local
Fig. 7: PCR amplification with RAPD primer OPX 04
M1= 1 kb & M2 = 100 bp DNA ladder, Lane 1 = Kurigram local, Lane 2 = Tangail local, Lane 3 = Jamalpur local, Lane 4 =
Modupur local, Lane 5 = B. Baria local, Lane 6 = Rangamati local, Lane 7 = Thakurgoan local-1, Lane 8 = Thakurgoan
local-2, Lane 9 = Lalmonirhat local-1, Lane 10 = Lalmonirhat local-2, Lane 11 = Lalmonirhat local-3, Lane 12 = Rangpur
local and Lane13 = Kaptai local.
6. International journal of Horticulture, Agriculture and Food science(IJHAF) Vol-3, Issue-1, Jan-Feb, 2019
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Fig. 8: Population structure of 13 local ginger genotypes
Population structure of 13 local ginger genotypes and 7
RAPD marker (K = 2) and graph of estimated
membership fraction for K = 2. The maximum of adhoc
measure ΔK determined by structure harvester was found
to be K = 2, which indicated that the entire population can
be grouped into two subgroups. Different colour within
group indicates the proportion of shared ancestry with
other group which has the same colour with the
admixture.
Fig. 9: Principal Component Analysis of 13 ginger genotypes
7. International journal of Horticulture, Agriculture and Food science(IJHAF) Vol-3, Issue-1, Jan-Feb, 2019
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PCA analysis of 13 local ginger genotypes based on 7 markers. PCA 1 and PCA ll represent first and second components,
respectively.
Fig. 10: Figure Title: Cluster analysis
Dendrogram of 13 ginger genotypes based n RAPD marker, according to the unweighted pair group mean algorithm
(UPGMA) method based on a similarity matrix by PAST software
Table.1: RAPD primers with corresponding band score and their size range together with number and percentage of
polymorphic loci observed in 13 ginger genotypes
Sl.
No.
Primer Primer
Sequence
( 5΄ to 3΄ )
(G+C)
%
Total
no. of
band
scored
Number of
polymer-
phicbands
% of
Polymo-
rphism
Size ranges
1. OPG
19
GTCAGGGCAA 60 6 1 16.67 150- 1023
2. OPP 13 GGAGTGCCTC 70 6 3 50 200-1000
3. OPJ 13 CCACACTACC 60 7 2 28.57 225-1180
4. OPM
07
CCGTGACTCA 60 2 1 50 550-700
5. OPX
04
CCGCTACCGA 70 5 1 20 200-700
6.. OPM
05
AAGGGCGAGT 60 3 0 0 500-1200
7. OPW 03 GAGCGAGGCT 70 4 0 0 242-500
Total - 34 8
Mean - 4.9 1.14 23.50
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Table.2: Major allelic frequency, gene diversity and PIC value of different ginger genotypes
Marker Observations
No.
Major Allele
Frequency
Genetic Diversity PIC
Values
OPG 19 13 0.3077 0.8402 0.7176
OPJ 13 13 0.4615 0.8439 0.8496
OPM 05 13 0.2308 0.8402 0.6560
OPM 07 13 0.2308 0.7574 0.8059
OPP 13 13 0.4615 0.8439 0.8245
OPW 03 13 0.2308 0.6982 0.6560
OPX 04 13 0.3077 0.7929 0.7630
Mean 0.3187 0.8023 0.7532
Table.3: Summary of Nei ̉s genetic similarity and distance indices among the 13 ginger genotypes
Kurigramlocal
Tangaillocal
Jamalpurlocal
Modupurlocal
B.Barialocal
Rangamatilocal
Thakurgoanlocal-
1
Thakurgoanlocal-
2
Lalmonirhatlocal-
1
Lalmonirhatlocal-
2
Lalmonirhatlocal-
3
Rangpurlocal
KaptaiLocal
Kurigram
local
0.000
Tangail
local
0.163 0.000
Jamalpur
local
0.169 0.123 0.000
Modupur
local
0.299 0.229 0.191 0.000
B. Baria
local
0.283 0.225 0.183 0.103 0.000
Rangamati
local
0.350 0.273 0.265 0.177 0.167 0.000
Thakurgoan
local-1
0.406 0.303 0.276 0.183 0.191 0.116 0.000
Thakurgoan
local-2
0.411 0.348 0.303 0.221 0.243 0.237 0.210 0.000
Lalmonirhat
local-1
0.441 0.354 0.337 0.250 0.284 0.201 0.191 0.225 0.000
Lalmonirhat
local-2
0.392 0.320 0.313 0.212 0.253 0.164 0.219 0.233 0.196 0.000
Lalmonirhat
local-3
0.402 0.380 0.356 0.250 0.254 0.206 0.258 0.226 0.227 0.139 0.000
Rangpur
local
0.498 0.430 0.407 0.320 0.365 0.316 0.314 0.265 0.252 0.240 0.184 0.000
Kaptai
Local
0.654 0.630 0.606 0.505 0.520 0.513 0.553 0.466 0.483 0.434 0.383 0.340 0.000
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