This document provides information about different types of quantitative research designs. It discusses the key differences between experimental and non-experimental quantitative research. Experimental research involves manipulating variables and includes true experimental and quasi-experimental designs. Non-experimental research does not involve manipulation of variables and includes descriptive and correlational designs. Descriptive research describes characteristics of populations or phenomena while correlational research examines relationships between variables. The document provides examples of different quantitative research designs and practice questions for students.

1. Name of Student:_____________________________ Strand/ Year & Section:__________________
Name of Teacher:____________________________ Date Accomplished: _____________________
PASAY-PR2-Q1-W1-D2
DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION – NATIONAL CAPITAL REGION
SCHOOLS DIVISION OF PASAY CITY
MODULE IN PRACTICAL RESEARCH 2
First Quarter/ Week 1/ Day 2
OBJECTIVE: Describe the kinds of quantitative research
YOUR LESSON FOR TODAY!
One of the characteristics of quantitative research is that the data are in the form of
numbers and statistics. To gather such data, quantitative approaches have their own kind
and are different from qualitative. In this module, you will be able to acquire information
about the different kinds of quantitative research. It has both experimental research
designs and non – experimental research designs.
WHAT I KNOW?
Before digging to further definitions and key concepts, answer the following pre – activities.
Directions: Column A are the four kinds of quantitative research and Column B is an example of each. Match
column A with Column B. Make a brief explanation on how you matched the two columns.
Column A Column B
A. Descriptive Research A study of the effects of a new diet treatment plan on
insulin levels in diabetics
B. Correlational Research A study of the relationship between IQ and clinical
depression
C. Quasi – experimental Research A description of teenager’s attitude towards smoking
D. Experimental Research A study on the effect of an after school physical activity
program on childhood obesity rates
Explanation

2. Name of Student:_____________________________ Strand/ Year & Section:__________________
Name of Teacher:____________________________ Date Accomplished: _____________________
WHAT’S NEW!
Knowing the different kinds of quantitative research will help you to choose appropriately the
design of your research study.
KINDS OF QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH
Non –
experimental
research
Definition Types Examples
Descriptive
research
o is used to describe
characteristics of
a population or phenomenon
being studied.
o It does not answer questions
about how/when/why the
characteristics occurred.
o Rather it addresses the "what"
question (what are the
characteristics of the population
or situation being studied?)
▪ Observation
method
▪ Case study
method
▪ Survey
method
✔ A description of how
second – grade students
spend their time during
summer vacation.
✔ A description of the
tobacco use habits of
teenagers
✔ A description of the
extension to which
elementary teachers use
math manipulatives
Correlational
research
o It is a type of non-experimental
research in which the
researcher measures two
variables and assesses the
statistical relationship
o Only one group and no
manipulation of variables
▪ Natural
observation
▪ Survey
method
▪ Archival
research
✔ The relationship
between intelligence and
self – esteem.
✔ The relationships
between the types of
activities used is math
classrooms and students
✔ The covariance of
smoking and lung
disease
Experimental
research
Definition Types Examples
Quasi –
experimental
research
o Experiments
lacking random
assignment of
subjects to
treatment condition
and the absence of
an independent
variable
manipulated by the
experimenter
o The researcher does
not have control
over the
experiment, rather
the experiments
occur in a natural
setting.
▪ One group pre – test post
– test design
▪ Non – equivalent control
group design
▪ Interrupted time series
design
▪ Time series with non –
equivalent control group
designs
o Other types of quasi –
experiments
▪ The Proxy – Pretest
Design
▪ The Separate Pre – post
Samples Design
▪ The Double Pretest
Design
▪ The Switching replication
Design
✔ The effect of
preschool
attendance on
social maturity at
the end of the
first grade.
✔ The effect of
gender on
algebra
achievement
✔ The effect of
magnet school
participation on
student attitude

3. Name of Student:_____________________________ Strand/ Year & Section:__________________
Name of Teacher:____________________________ Date Accomplished: _____________________
True Experimental
research
o characterized by the
random selection of
participants and the
random assignments
of the participants
to groups in the
study.
o the researcher has a
complete control
over extraneous
variables.
▪ Post – test only design
▪ Pretest – Post – test Only
Design
▪ Solomon Four Group
Design
▪ Factorial Design
▪ Randomized Block
Design
▪ Crossover design
(repeated measures
design)
✔ The effect of a
new treatment
plan on breast
cancer
✔ The effect of
positive
reinforcement on
attitude toward
school
✔ A comparison of
the effect of
personalized
instruction vs.
traditional
instruction on
computation skill.
Generalization
Types Design Feature
Non -
Experimental
Descriptive Describes data and characteristics of what is being studied.
Correlational Examines relationships between two or more variables
Experimental Quasi -
Experimental
Investigates causal relationships between variables without random
assignment to experimental groups
True
Experimental
Manipulates variables to determine causality between factors
WHAT IS IT?
PRACTICE EXERCISES 1
1. Which of the following quantitative research designs need intervention? Place a check mark
( ) Descriptive
( ) Correlational
( ) Quasi – experimental
( ) True Experimental
2. Below are some defining characteristics of the kinds of quantitative research. Identify which is
experimental and non experimental.
( ) Relationship between two or more variables
( ) Manipulates variables to examine cause and effect
( ) Observes target
( ) Interviews to describe events
( ) tests predictive hypothesis
( ) predictive questions address the effectiveness of cause and effect
( ) little is known about the phenomenon
( ) predictive in nature

4. Name of Student:_____________________________ Strand/ Year & Section:__________________
Name of Teacher:____________________________ Date Accomplished: _____________________
PRACTICE EXERCISES 2
Using the graphic organizer below, describe the four quantitative research by giving an example.
EVALUATION
Directions: Choose the correct answer. Write your answer on the space provided.
Identify which kind of quantitative research is described below.
_____________ 1. This type of research will recognize trends and patterns in data, but it does not go far in its
analysis to prove causes for these observed patterns.
_____________ 2. The researcher does not randomly assign groups and must use ones that are naturally
formed.
_____________ 3. In this research, the researcher does not begin with a hypothesis but is likely to develop one
after collecting data.
_____________ 4. An independent variable is manipulated to determine the effects of the dependent variable.
_____________ 5. In this type of research, relationships between and among a number of facts are sought to be
interpreted.
_____________ 6. In this research, it is used to establish cause – effect relationships among a group of
variables. _____________ 7. An independent variable is identified by the researcher but is not manipulated.
_____________ 8. In this research, systematic collection of information requires careful selection of the units
studied and careful measurement of each variable.
_____________ 9. In this research, the researcher studies only the data, relationships, and distribution of
variables.
_____________ 10. These are designed to provide systematic information about a phenomenon.
MODULE WRITER:DENNIS M. MASIRAG
PASAY CITY SOUTH HIGH SCHOOL
References:
(n.d.). Retrieved from Mjor Types ofQuantitative: http://www.slideserve.com
WSSU. (n.d.). Retrievedfrom Key Elements ofAresearchProposal -QuantitativeDesign: https://www.wsssu.edu
Quantitative Research