This document contains a 10 question short essay exam on infection and immunity for second year medical students. It includes questions that define terms, compare mechanisms of pathogenesis, list antigen presenting cells and their roles, describe interferon mechanisms and uses, identify safe antibiotic treatments in pregnancy, compare antihistamine generations, and discuss antiviral therapy for hepatitis patients. Students are asked to answer all questions addressing topics like true pathogens, plasmids vs transposable elements, interferon signaling, urinary tract infections in pregnancy, generations of cephalosporins, differences between first and second generation antihistamines, methods of parasite pathogenesis, medically important arthropods and diseases, and treatment and prevention of scabies.

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EXPERIMENTAL EXAMS_SECOND YEAR
2018-2019
MODULE 8 ESSAY
Faculty of Medicine- Alexandria University
Year 2- Exam
Module (8) –Infection and immunity Module Code: 050203 InImCode: 050203 InIm
Short Essay Questions
Date: 19 /1/ 2017 Time allowed: 85 minutes
Total marks: 34 All questions to be answered
1. Define the term “ true pathogen “ . Outline the mechanisms by which it can cause disease ( 5 marks
).
2. Discuss the main differences between plasmids and transposable elements. ( 4 marks )
3. List 4 antigen presenting cells and mention their role in adaptive immunity. (4 marks)
4. Interferons are cytokines that are central to the antiviral innate immune response of the host: ( 4
marks))

2. 172019/1/ Experimental Exams_Second Year 2018-2019: Module 8 Essay
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a) Describe the mechanism by which interferon can induce an antiviral state in virus infected cells.
b) Enumerate the clinical uses of interferon.
5. AA 24-year-old pregnant female presents to the urgent care clinic with fever, frequency and urgency.24-year-old pregnant female presents to the urgent care clinic with fever, frequency and urgency.
She is diagnosed with a urinary tract infection (UTI).She is diagnosed with a urinary tract infection (UTI).
1. Based on potential harm to the fetus, which of the following medications should be avoided in
treating her UTI? Explain your answer ( 2 marks)
- Amoxicillin.
- Cephalexin.
- Tobramycin.
1. Give reason: Amoxicillin is preferred rather than ampicillin ( 1 mark).
2. To which generation of cephalosporins does cephalexin belong?. What is the most important
clinical use of this class? ( 2marks)
6. a.a. In a table, describe two main differences between the first and second generationIn a table, describe two main differences between the first and second generation
antihistaminesantihistamines. ( 2 marks)
1. b.b. A 58-year-old male with a history of hepatitis C, cirrhosis, and ascites.A 58-year-old male with a history of hepatitis C, cirrhosis, and ascites. Could antiviral therapy
be given to this patient? Explain your answer. (2marks)
7. Mention different methodsdifferent methods of pathogenesis of parasites. (2 marks)
8. Mention four arthropods that are of medical importance as causative agents for diseases (name the
arthropod and the disease caused) (2 marks)
9. Compare between obligatory and facultative myiasis with an example for each (2 marks)
10. Mention the treatment and the prevention of scabies (2 marks).
Last modified: Thursday, 17 January 2019, 8:50 AM

3. 172019/1/ Experimental Exams_Second Year 2018-2019: Module 8 Essay
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