The document discusses different digital modulation techniques used in radio signals, including BPSK, QPSK, and 8PSK. It explains that these PSK modulation schemes encode bits as phases in radio signals. BPSK encodes 1 bit per symbol, allowing a maximum data rate equal to the number of symbols per second. QPSK encodes 2 bits per symbol, doubling the maximum data rate. 8PSK encodes 3 bits per symbol. The document uses examples to show how these modulation schemes can be used to transmit different data rates, depending on the number of bits encoded in each symbol and the symbol rate defined by the available channel bandwidth.

1. Background

2. Modulation Types

3. FSK Type BUILD

4. ASK Type BUILD

5. PSK Type BUILD

6. PSK HL Type Summary

7. BPSK Type BUILD

8. QPSK Type BUILD

9. 8PSK Type BUILD

10. BPSK Type 1 bits on

11. QPSK Type 2 bits on

12. 8PSK Type 3 bits on

13. TYPES ALL PSK

14. Flagman At Ease

15. 1 Bit Per Second 0
1 Bit
Per Second
Radio Signal

16. 1 Bit Per Second 1
1 Bit
Per Second
Radio Signal

17. 2 Bit Per Second 00
2 Bits
Per Second
Radio Signal

18. 2 Bit Per Second 10
Radio Signal
2 Bits
Per Second

19. 2 Bit Per Second 01
Radio Signal
2 Bits
Per Second

20. 2 Bit Per Second 11
Radio Signal
2 Bits
Per Second

21. Data Rate
Data Rate = Bits per Second

22. Bitream 0
1000 Bits
Per Second
1000 Symbols
(Phases) Per Second
1000 Symbols Per Second x 1 Bit Per Symbol = 1000 Bits Per Second
BPSK

23. Bitream 1
1000 Bits
Per Second
1000 Symbols
(Phases) Per Second
BPSK
1000 Symbols Per Second x 1 Bit Per Symbol = 1000 Bits Per Second

24. Bitream 00
2000 Bits
Per Second
1000 Symbols
(Phases) Per Second
QPSK
1000 Symbols Per Second x 2 Bits Per Symbol = 2000 Bits Per Second

25. Bitream 10
2000 Bits
Per Second
1000 Symbols
(Phases) Per Second
QPSK
1000 Symbols Per Second x 2 Bits Per Symbol = 2000 Bits Per Second

26. Bitream 01
2000 Bits
Per Second
1000 Symbols
(Phases) Per Second
QPSK
1000 Symbols Per Second x 2 Bits Per Symbol = 2000 Bits Per Second

27. Bitream 11
2000 Bits
Per Second
1000 Symbols
(Phases) Per Second
QPSK
1000 Symbols Per Second x 2 Bits Per Symbol = 2000 Bits Per Second

28. Bitstream 000
3000 Bits
Per Second
1000 Symbols
(Phases) Per Second
8PSK
1000 Symbols Per Second x 3 Bits Per Symbol = 3000 Bits Per Second

29. Bitstream 001
3000 Bits
Per Second
1000 Symbols
(Phases) Per Second
8PSK
1000 Symbols Per Second x 3 Bits Per Symbol = 3000 Bits Per Second

30. Bitstream 010
3000 Bits
Per Second
1000 Symbols
(Phases) Per Second
8PSK
1000 Symbols Per Second x 3 Bits Per Symbol = 3000 Bits Per Second

31. Bitstream 011
3000 Bits
Per Second
1000 Symbols
(Phases) Per Second
8PSK
1000 Symbols Per Second x 3 Bits Per Symbol = 3000 Bits Per Second

32. Bitstream 100
3000 Bits
Per Second
1000 Symbols
(Phases) Per Second
8PSK
1000 Symbols Per Second x 3 Bits Per Symbol = 3000 Bits Per Second

33. Bitstream 101
3000 Bits
Per Second
1000 Symbols
(Phases) Per Second
8PSK
1000 Symbols Per Second x 3 Bits Per Symbol = 3000 Bits Per Second

34. Bitstream 110
3000 Bits
Per Second
1000 Symbols
(Phases) Per Second
8PSK
1000 Symbols Per Second x 3 Bits Per Symbol = 3000 Bits Per Second

35. Bitstream 111
3000 Bits
Per Second
1000 Symbols
(Phases) Per Second
8PSK
1000 Symbols Per Second x 3 Bits Per Symbol = 3000 Bits Per Second

36. TYPES ALL PSK

37. Circle Vocoder

38. Blocks Transition

39. Blocks Stretched
8000 Bits
Per Second

40. Additional Bits
Additional Bits
• Channel
• Ground Station
• Power
• Identity
• Billing
1. Error Correction
2. Control Information

41. Modulator

42. 0 Bit in/Wave out

43. 1 Bit in/Wave out

44. Colored Balls 1

45. Colored Balls 2

46. 6000 Hz Available
6000 Hz
Available
Bandwidth
Nyquist’s Theorem: Can transmit 4000 symbols per
second through a 6000 Hz channel

47. Colored Balls 2
Nyquist’s Theorem: Can transmit 4000 symbols per
second through a 6000 Hz channel

48. BPSK 4000 < 8000
• BPSK: 1 Bit Per Symbol
• 4000 Bits Per Second (bps)
• 4000 bps < 8000 bps
(Vocoder rate)
• BPSK

49. QPSK 8000 BPS
• QPSK: 2 Bits Per Symbol
• 2 X 4000 = 8000 Bits Per Second (bps)
• 8000 bps = Vocoder rate
• Need more bits for error correction
and control!
• QPSK

50. 8PSK 12000 BPS
• 8PSK: 3 Bits Per Symbol
• 3 X 4000 = 12,000 Bits Per Second (bps)
• 8000 bps + 4000 bps
Vocoder rate + Error Correction and Control
• 8PSK

51. 16 PSK 16000 BPS
• 16 phases: 4 Bits Per Symbol
• 4 x 4000 = 16,000 bps
• More than enough for vocoder
rate + overhead

52. MOTION BLUR

53. Meters

54. MODULATION SCHEMES

55. TYPES ALL PSK

56. 8 PSK FOCUS