Modern America saw the rise of the creditor nation as new industries drove mass production and competition led to overproduction. Society experienced the growth of worker unions and welfare programs as traditional family roles changed with more women, including flappers, working outside the home. The period also saw repression, intolerance, and politics of complacency as the Red Scare fostered xenophobia, the KKK targeted immigrants and minorities, and urban Democrats clashed with traditional Democrats under Presidents Harding, Coolidge and Hoover.