This document provides information about different types of kitchen gardens and hydroponic systems. It discusses traditional kitchen gardens, potager gardens, vegetable gardens, herb gardens, and terrace gardens. It also describes different hydroponic systems including drip systems, ebb-flow systems, NFT systems, water culture systems, aeroponic systems, and wick systems. Finally, it lists several modern agricultural tools used in farming such as cultivators, threshers, rotavators, rip binders, moldboard ploughs, disk ploughs, land levellers, and tractors.

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3. Contents
 Introduction
 Kitchen garden
 Terrace garden
 Net house
 Hydroponics
 Modern agricultural tools

4. Modern Agriculture
 Modern agriculture techniques and tools rely on the most
innovative science to maintain a careful balance of farm
inputs that optimize crop production while lessening
potential impacts on the environment. Techniques such
as conservation tillage, integrated pest management and
crop rotation focus on precision and sustainability
without sacrificing crop yields. More than 90 percent of
farmers today regularly use these practices to protect
human, animal and environmental health. The term
“modern agriculture” depicts their commitment to
innovation, stewardship and meeting the global food
challenge all at once – there is nothing conventional
about that.

6. Kitchen garden
 The traditional kitchen garden, also known as a potager (in French,
jardin potager) or in Scotland a kailyaird,[1] is a space separate
from the rest of the residential garden – the ornamental plants and
lawn areas. Most vegetable gardens are still miniature versions of
old family farm plots, but the kitchen garden is different not only in
its history, but also its design.
 The kitchen garden may serve as the central feature of an
ornamental, all-season landscape, or it may be little more than a
humble vegetable plot. It is a source of herbs, vegetables and fruits,
but it is often also a structured garden space with a design based on
repetitive geometric patterns.
 The kitchen garden has year-round visual appeal and can
incorporate permanent perennials or woody shrub plantings around
(or among) the annuals.

8. Forms of Kitchen Garden

9. Potager garden
 A potager is a French term for an ornamental vegetable or kitchen
garden. The historical design precedent is from the Gardens of the
French Renaissance and Baroque Garden à la française eras. Often
flowers (edible and non-edible) and herbs are planted with the
vegetables to enhance the garden's beauty. The goal is to make the
function of providing food aesthetically pleasing.

10. Vegetable garden
 A vegetable garden (also known as a vegetable patch or vegetable plot) is a
garden that exists to grow vegetables and other plants useful for human
consumption, in contrast to a flower garden that exists for aesthetic purposes.
It is a small-scale form of vegetable growing. A vegetable garden typically
includes a compost heap, and several plots or divided areas of land, intended to
grow one or two types of plant in each plot. Plots may also be divided into rows
with an assortment of vegetables grown in the different rows.

11. Herb garden
 The herb garden is often a separate space in
the garden, devoted to growing a specific
group of plants known as herbs. These
gardens may be informal patches of plants, or
they may be carefully designed, even to the
point of arranging and clipping the plants to
form specific patterns, as in a knot garden.
 Herb gardens may be purely functional or they
may include a blend of functional and
ornamental plants. The herbs are usually used
to flavour food in cooking, though they may
also be used in other ways, such as
discouraging pests, providing pleasant scents,
or serving medicinal purposes (such as a
physic garden), among others.

12. Terrace garden
 In gardening, a terrace is an element where a raised
flat paved or graveled section overlooks a prospect. A
raised terrace keeps a house dry and provides a
transition between the hard materials of the
architecture and softer ones of the garden.

13. Contemporary
 Contemporary terrace gardens, in addition to being
in the garden and landscape, often occur in urban
areas and are terrace architecture elements that
extend out from an apartment or residence at any
floor level other than ground level. They are often
discussed in conjunction with roof gardens, although
they are not always true roof gardens, instead being
balconies and decks. These outdoor spaces can
become lush gardens through the use of container
gardening, automated drip irrigation and low-flow
irrigation systems, and outdoor furnishings.

14. Net House
 Net houses are basically naturally ventilated climate
controlled. Jain Net houses have a variety of
applications, the majority being, growing of vegetables,
floriculture, fruit crop growing for export market.
 Jain Net houses are built of a Pre-galvanized channel
cum tubular structure/ Tubular Structure wherein crops
are grown under a favourable controlled environment
and other conditions viz. temperature, humidity, light
intensity, soil media, disease control, irrigation,
Fertigation and other agronomical practices throughout
the season irrespective of the natural conditions outside.

15. How a Net house works
 The explanation given in most sources for the warmer temperature
in a greenhouse is that incident solar radiation in the visible, long-
wavelength ultraviolet, and short-wavelength infrared range of the
spectrum passes through the glass roof and walls and is absorbed by
the floor, earth, and contents, which become warmer and re-emit
the energy as longer-wavelength infrared radiation. Glass and other
materials used for greenhouse walls do not transmit infrared
radiation, so the infrared cannot escape via radiative transfer. As
the structure is not open to the atmosphere, heat also cannot escape
via convection, so the temperature inside the greenhouse rises. This
is known as the "greenhouse effect".[4][5] The greenhouse effect,
due to infrared-opaque "greenhouse gases" including carbon
dioxide and methane instead of glass, also affects the earth as a
whole; there is no convective cooling as air does not escape from the
earth.

17. Special Features of Net House
 Galvanized Steel Construction.
 Special Aluminum locking profile to fix covering materials with structure.
 Designed to withstand wind speed of 140 Kmph
 Bears, hanging load 15- 25 Kg per Sq. Mt.
 Inside insect net house movable shade nets (Manual/ Motorized)
 UV stabilized covering materials like 40/50 mesh Insect Net or shade net
50%.
 Shading / Thermal Net
 Trellising system for vegetable.
 Prefabricated structure which makes easy to assemble & dissemble.
 Complete structure is assembled with Nut-bolts.
 No welding is required.
 Control System - Manual / Semi Automatic / Automatic. Fully
Computerized / Weather Station.
 Planting material- soil less media like coco peat.

19. Advantages of Net house
 Yield increases by 5 - 7 times or even more.
 Uniform and better quality
 Reduction in labour cost
 Less fertilizer requirement, thus reduction in fertilizer cost.
 Low water requirement thus saving in water.
 Less chances of disease attack, thus reduction in disease
control cost.
 Higher Efficiency of Water & Fertilizer Use.
 Cultivation in problematic topography.
 Cultivation in problematic soil conditions.
 Cultivation in problematic climate conditions.
 Requires less area to get maximum yield and benefits.
 Easy to operate, maintain & control.

20. Hydroponics
 Hydroponics is a subset of hydroculture and is a
method of growing plants using mineral nutrient
solutions, in water, without soil. Terrestrial plants
may be grown with their roots in the mineral
nutrient solution only, or in an inert medium, such
as perlite or gravel.

21. The Six Types of Hydroponic Systems
 Drip System
 Ebb- Flow (Flood & Drain)
 N.F.T. (Nutrient Film Technique)
 Water Culture
 Aeroponics
 Wick System

23. Drip Systems
 Drip systems are one of the most widely used types of hydroponic systems around
the world, both for home growers as well as commercial growers alike. That's mainly
because it's an easy concept and needs few parts, but yet it's a very versatile and
effective type of hydroponic system. Even though it's an easy concept, it won't limit
your imagination when building your own systems. The way a drip system works is
just like it sounds, you simply drip nutrient solution on the plants roots to keep
them moist.
 Ebb & Flow
 Flood and Drain (Ebb and Flow) systems are very popular with home hydroponic
growers for many reasons. Besides how easy they are for anyone to build, you can
use almost any materials you have laying around to build them with, so you don't
need to spend much money to grow plants hydroponically. Also they can be built to
fit in any available space you might have (both indoors or outdoors), and there is no
limit to the different and imaginative ways to design them for that space. Along with
being inexpensive and easy to build, plants grow very well in flood and drain
systems. The flood and drain system works basically like it sounds, by simply
flooding the plants root system with nutrient solution. Only periodically rather than
continuously.

24. N.F.T. (Nutrient Film Technique) System
 The N.F.T. system (Nutrient Film Technique) is quite popular with home
hydroponic growers as well. Mainly because of it's fairly simple
design. However N.F.T. systems are best suited for, and most commonly
used for growing smaller quick growing plants like different types of
lettuce. Along with growing lettuce, some commercial growers also
grow different types of herbs and baby greens using N.F.T. systems.
 Water Culture System
 Water Culture systems are about the simplest of all six types of
hydroponic systems. While technically simple, they are still very effective
for growing plants hydroponiclly. Not only do a lot of home hydroponic
growers really like using water culture systems, but many commercial
growers use this type of system on a large scale as well. Mainly because
the water culture systems is a simple and easy concept. It's also a very
inexpensive type of system to build, and another reason why it's popular
with home growers as well. Even though the concept is simple, there are
plenty of imaginative ways to use and build water culture systems out of
different materials.

25. Aeroponic System
 While the concept of the aeroponic system is quite simple, it's
actually the most technical of all 6 types of hydroponic systems.
However it's still fairly easy to build your own basic aeroponic
system, and a lot of home growers like growing in them as well, and
even get really good results using this type of hydroponic system.
Like with any other type of hydroponic system, you can use many
different kinds of materials to build it, as well as many different
types of design setups to fit in your space. Your really only limited
by the space you have, and your imagination.
 Wick System
 The wick system is the simplest of all six types of hydroponic
systems. That's because traditionally it doesn't have any moving
parts, thus it doesn't use any pumps or electricity. However some
people still like using an optional air pump in the reservoir. Because
it doesn't need electricity to work, it's also quite useful in places
where electricity cant be uses, or is unreliable.

26. Modern Agricultural Tools
 cultivator
 The size and design of amplifiers , remove weeds without
damage to the plant and the plant to fit around all the various
available . Loosening the top two inches of soil to grow plants
, giving them room to strengthen the two can cause negative
effects . First , loosened soil dormant weed seeds to
germinate is to be encouraged . Another negative effect of the
loosened soil particles, adding weight and pressing down on
the ground , the compacting, can oxidize and hard . After
cultivating Mulching is one way to counter the negative
effects of both
 Thresher
 The thrashing machine , or , in modern spelling , machine (
or simply thresher ), threshing , the agricultural use of the
machine was invented by Scottish mechanical engineer
Andrew Meikle . Separate the grain from the stalks and husks
(c.1784) was discovered . For thousands of years , grain from
the 18th century to about one-quarter of agricultural labor ,
flails are separated by hand , and was very laborious and time
consuming . [ 1 ] The process of mechanization, farm labor
was a big fag . The grinding mill and threshing the grain to
get the customer is just a process . The wheat , then cut
stooked , ( I , shock ) , hauled , threshed , and grain binding
bales hauled to an elevator and the chaff needs to be grown .

27.  Rotavetor
 Rotavators often used in gardens and gardening
powerful pieces of machinery , is taking
And broken fields, churn and aerate the soil . Use a set of
blades or rotors Rotavators
Despite the spin and break ground . This improves
drainage , level the area and make
Land for growing vegetables and crops in full
 Rip Binder
 The Reaper - binder , or binder , The Reaper was on the
update of the farm equipment . The binder was invented
in 1872 by Charles Withington . [ 1 ] In addition to crop
small grain crops , it is also a small space , or to tie the
stems into sheaves . The sheaves threshed the grain for
several days before being allowed to dry , resembling
small tipis , conical in stooks ' shock ' was .
Withington original binder used wire to tie up the space .
There are several problems with the wire , and William
Deering twine and knotter ( invented in 1858 by John
Appleby ), the binder used in the search for a long time it
was not

28.  Moldboard plough
 The plow (BrE) or plow ( we ; see spelling differences ; / plaʊ /) sowing
the seeds for the preparation of land for the cultivation of early farming
or planting soil to loosen or use a tool ( or machine ) is . Ploughs bull or
a horse or a camel or a tractor as such by the other animals are drawn .
A plow can be made of wood or iron . The history is the most basic
equipment , and agriculture as one of the major advances .
Exploitation, the primary purpose of burying weeds , fresh nutrients to
the surface , on the ground level is turned on , the previous crop
remains , and crop and weed seeds , both of which allows them to
break . It also aerates the soil hold moisture better and to allow
alternative crop for planting the seed that provides free medium . In
modern use ,
 Disk plough
 A disc harrow the crop is planted where the land is used for farming or
farm equipment . It is also undesirable weeds or crops are used to chop
up reminders . It has a lot of iron or slight concavity and are arranged
as two of the four sections contains a steel disk . Viewed from above ,
the four sections has been flattened to be wider than it is tall , the "X"
setting will display . But they are not parallel to the direction of the
overall disk appliance that is offset . They cut up a little bit to optimize
the outcome of this slice of land . Disk is being offset their concavity
and loosen them and cause them to cut the soil .

29.  Land leveller
 Weed Control : Improved water coverage on better land
leveling reduces weeds by 40 % . This results in less time for
weeding crops and weeds .
Farm operation : laser leveling of fields to use as possible .
Increase the area of agricultural fields and increase operational
efficiency . Farmers to increase cultivation area by 10 % to 15 %
of the option to reduce operating time .
SEEDING efforts : laser- leveled large areas transplanting, it
takes less time for planting and for direct seeding .
Efficient water management : an unleveled field and enter
another body of water is stored in a part of the excess water .
The laser precision land leveling allows use water efficiently .
 Tractor
 A tractor is an engineering vehicle specifically designed to
deliver a high tractive effort (or torque) at slow speeds, for the
purposes of hauling a trailer or machinery used in agriculture
or construction. Most commonly, the term is used to describe a
farm vehicle that provides the power and traction to mechanize
agricultural tasks, especially (and originally) tillage, but
nowadays a great variety of tasks. Agricultural implements may
be towed behind or mounted on the tractor, and the tractor
may also provide a source of power if the implement is
mechanised.

30. Thank
•YOU….