This document presents a study analyzing the structural optimization of car wheel rims. Researchers modeled wheel rims from Renault and Volkswagen vehicles using CATIA and analyzed them using ANSYS under an inflation pressure load. Various materials including steel alloy, aluminum alloy, magnesium alloy, titanium alloy, and a carbon composite were considered. The optimized models showed lower stresses and deformations compared to the actual models. Titanium alloy performed best but is not affordable; the study suggests carbon composite as a lighter, stronger alternative material for wheel rims.
basic aerodynamic design consideration of automobile, importance of car aerodyanamic design, various aerodynamic devices use in car body,different tools require for anlysis of aerodynamic
DESIGN AND ANALYSIS OF LEAF SPRING BY USING COMPOSITE MATERIAL FOR LIGHT VEHI...IAEME Publication
Reducing weight while increasing or maintaining strength of products is getting to be highly important research issue in this modern world. Composite materials are one of the material families which are attracting researchers and being solutions of such issue. In this paper we describe design and analysis of composite leaf spring. For this purpose, a rear leaf spring for MAHINDRA “MODEL-COMMANDER 650 DI” is considered.
DESIGN AND COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF OLD & NEW MODEL CAR WHEEL RIMS WITH VARIOU...Journal For Research
The car wheel is the most important thing for load carrying element material even vehicle static and running conditions. Also wheel is affected by steering control and suspension. So we should consider all load acting on the vehicle drives. In our project, design and comparative analysis of old & new model car Wheel Rims. Here our new model rim is BMW Rim, other one old model rim is normal rim like ix35 Hyundai car rim) for more effective analysis. This project is tested to the wheel according to the specification given by the industrial standards, threes kind of test is performed. Later this solid works model is imported to Ansys for analysis work. in the material using aluminium alloy and stainless steel their relative performances have been observed respectively. In addition to this rim is subjected to vibration analysis (modal analysis), a part of dynamic analysis is carried out its performance is observed
basic aerodynamic design consideration of automobile, importance of car aerodyanamic design, various aerodynamic devices use in car body,different tools require for anlysis of aerodynamic
DESIGN AND ANALYSIS OF LEAF SPRING BY USING COMPOSITE MATERIAL FOR LIGHT VEHI...IAEME Publication
Reducing weight while increasing or maintaining strength of products is getting to be highly important research issue in this modern world. Composite materials are one of the material families which are attracting researchers and being solutions of such issue. In this paper we describe design and analysis of composite leaf spring. For this purpose, a rear leaf spring for MAHINDRA “MODEL-COMMANDER 650 DI” is considered.
DESIGN AND COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF OLD & NEW MODEL CAR WHEEL RIMS WITH VARIOU...Journal For Research
The car wheel is the most important thing for load carrying element material even vehicle static and running conditions. Also wheel is affected by steering control and suspension. So we should consider all load acting on the vehicle drives. In our project, design and comparative analysis of old & new model car Wheel Rims. Here our new model rim is BMW Rim, other one old model rim is normal rim like ix35 Hyundai car rim) for more effective analysis. This project is tested to the wheel according to the specification given by the industrial standards, threes kind of test is performed. Later this solid works model is imported to Ansys for analysis work. in the material using aluminium alloy and stainless steel their relative performances have been observed respectively. In addition to this rim is subjected to vibration analysis (modal analysis), a part of dynamic analysis is carried out its performance is observed
Frame is a ladder shaped structure with two longitudinal rails/beams (Frame side members) and properly located many integrating and reinforcing cross members, which form the ladder structure that is used as the interface/platform between the power package and the body package in Automobiles.
An example of using FEA to improve a series of automotive wheel designs. Wheels must pass durability tests to be certified for use. This family did not pass the tests and a large investment had been made in tooling. The company did not want this investment to go to waste and assigned me the task to resolve the issue soon after hiring me. This is a brief outline of the changes made to improve the wheel such that all tests were passed. It should be noted that all work was done virtually and all tests were passes first time after tooling modifications.
Fabrication of GFRP(composite) leaf springSainathSteve
This provides an introduction to composites and Fabrication of a simple Glass Fiber Reinforced Polymer based Leaf spring. This also describes the advantages of GFRP leafspring compared to steel made leaf spring
Contains the recent trends in automobile
Gives brief idea about the each trend. Also contains history, working ,recent development of these trends in market.
Car door is one of the main parts which are used as protection for passengers from side
collisions. Presently steel is used for car doors construction. The aim of the project is to analyze the car
door with presently used material steel and replacing with composite materials like Aluminum, Carbon
Epoxy, S-glass epoxy, E-Glass epoxy. Impact analysis is conducted on door for different speeds by
varying the materials. Best of the result we will consider for the door design. Also we are going to reduce
weight of the door by using composite materials replacing with steel. By this we have to reduce the
damage percentage of the car and passenger protection. In this project, the Car door is modeled using
parametric modeling software Pro/Engineer. Pro/ENGINEER is the standard in 3D product design,
featuring industry-leading productivity tools that promote best practices in design. We have to variety the
materials of the car door and speed to impacting of door.
Side Impact and composite rail analysis using LS-DYNASuravi Banik
Side impact test of truck was simulated in LS-DYNA with pole and moving deformable barrier according to FMVSS and IIHS. Composite materials were used in rails to see the difference between steel and composite.
With a steady rise in fuel prices and increasing restrictions
on emissions, automakers face difficult challenges as they
are forced to find ways of making their cars lighter and
more fuel-efficient. One way to achieve this goal is to incorporate strong, lightweight, and durable composite materials to replace heavier, more energy-hungry materials.
Referred to as “lightweighting” the automobile, this trend
starts at the drawing board, when designers and engineers
create the first CAD model.
Although there have been groundbreaking
achievements in key areas, automakers are still
developing strategies for cost effectively integrating lightweight materials into their vehicles, including reliance on Tier 1 suppliers for additional capabilities.
Air Suspension System is commonly use in BMW,Mercedes,Audi types luxurious types Cars for protect from damaging, increasing life of the vehicle ,increases the handling , increases comfort of passengers and many more..
So according to me if you remove the suspension system, then you feel like in bull-cart in Audi, Mercedes, BMW type luxurious cars . The only diffrence is speed.
So the scope of Suspension System is Too Bright !!!
Introduction : Basic Feature of an Automobile
Car Body Details
Types of Vehicle
Body Engineering Terminology
Morphology of Vehicle Body ( Structural ) Design
Design Considerations
This presentation aims to design and analysis of the structure of Hyperloop chassis, which was designed for Hyperloop Pod Building Competition organized by SpaceX 2019.
Static analysis of alloy wheel using ansys15.0eSAT Journals
Abstract Wheels are the main components of the car. The wheels with tires provide the better cushioning effect to the car. Without engine a car may be towed but at the same time a car cannot be towed without wheels. . The main requirement of the vehicle or automobile tires are it must be perfect to perform its all the functions. Reverse engineering is a good method to redesign the old component. The wheels have to pass different tests for best performance like static analysis, vibration analysis etc. In this project a wheel was considered for the analysis. During the part of the thesis project aluminium alloy was carried out for the FEA analysis. Design is an important manufacturing activity which provides the quality of the product. The 3-dimensional model of the alloy wheel was designed by using the technology reverse engineering. The 3-dimensional model was designed in the modelling software CATIA v5.and further it was imported to the ANSYS 15.0 by using IGES format. The finite element analysis of the model was meshed by using 10 node tetrahedron solid element. The static condition was chosen for the analysis. This was constrained in all degree of freedom at the bolt. The pressure was applied on the outer rim surface of the alloy wheel. In the analysis, the results of the equivalent stress, safety factor, and deformation were calculated. In this analysis the von-misses stress were below the yield strength. All the results which were analyzed are good for the design which was drawn by reverse engineering. Keywords: Alloy Wheel, Reverse Engineering, CATIA, Stress Analysis, ANSYS15.0 etc…
Design Modification and Analysis of Automobile Wheel Rim using Finite Element...ijsrd.com
Importance of wheel in the automobile is obvious. The vehicle may be towed without the engine but at the same time even that is also not possible without the wheels, the wheels along the tire has to carry the vehicle load, provide cushioning effect and cope with the steering control. Generally wheel spokes are the supports consisting of a radial member of a wheel joining the hub to the rim. Spokes make vehicles look great but at the same time they require attention in maintenance. To perform their functions best, the spokes must be kept under the right amount of tension. If a spoke does break, the wheel generally becomes instantly unbalanced also the hub may break. The purpose of the car wheel rim provides a firm base on which to fit the tire. The motorcycle riders are subjected to extreme vibrations due to the vibrations of its engine, improper structural design of the motorcycle and the bad road conditions. So in this project the attempt has been made to reduce the vibrations of vehicle by providing springs instead of the spokes at the wheel. The springs will work as suspension members at wheels as well as they will provide proper strength that is adequate to proper operation of the wheel. The CAD model of a motor cycle will be made in solid works and later it is analyzed in ANSYS 14.5. The results of suspension of ordinary wheel rim and spring based rim will be compared.
Frame is a ladder shaped structure with two longitudinal rails/beams (Frame side members) and properly located many integrating and reinforcing cross members, which form the ladder structure that is used as the interface/platform between the power package and the body package in Automobiles.
An example of using FEA to improve a series of automotive wheel designs. Wheels must pass durability tests to be certified for use. This family did not pass the tests and a large investment had been made in tooling. The company did not want this investment to go to waste and assigned me the task to resolve the issue soon after hiring me. This is a brief outline of the changes made to improve the wheel such that all tests were passed. It should be noted that all work was done virtually and all tests were passes first time after tooling modifications.
Fabrication of GFRP(composite) leaf springSainathSteve
This provides an introduction to composites and Fabrication of a simple Glass Fiber Reinforced Polymer based Leaf spring. This also describes the advantages of GFRP leafspring compared to steel made leaf spring
Contains the recent trends in automobile
Gives brief idea about the each trend. Also contains history, working ,recent development of these trends in market.
Car door is one of the main parts which are used as protection for passengers from side
collisions. Presently steel is used for car doors construction. The aim of the project is to analyze the car
door with presently used material steel and replacing with composite materials like Aluminum, Carbon
Epoxy, S-glass epoxy, E-Glass epoxy. Impact analysis is conducted on door for different speeds by
varying the materials. Best of the result we will consider for the door design. Also we are going to reduce
weight of the door by using composite materials replacing with steel. By this we have to reduce the
damage percentage of the car and passenger protection. In this project, the Car door is modeled using
parametric modeling software Pro/Engineer. Pro/ENGINEER is the standard in 3D product design,
featuring industry-leading productivity tools that promote best practices in design. We have to variety the
materials of the car door and speed to impacting of door.
Side Impact and composite rail analysis using LS-DYNASuravi Banik
Side impact test of truck was simulated in LS-DYNA with pole and moving deformable barrier according to FMVSS and IIHS. Composite materials were used in rails to see the difference between steel and composite.
With a steady rise in fuel prices and increasing restrictions
on emissions, automakers face difficult challenges as they
are forced to find ways of making their cars lighter and
more fuel-efficient. One way to achieve this goal is to incorporate strong, lightweight, and durable composite materials to replace heavier, more energy-hungry materials.
Referred to as “lightweighting” the automobile, this trend
starts at the drawing board, when designers and engineers
create the first CAD model.
Although there have been groundbreaking
achievements in key areas, automakers are still
developing strategies for cost effectively integrating lightweight materials into their vehicles, including reliance on Tier 1 suppliers for additional capabilities.
Air Suspension System is commonly use in BMW,Mercedes,Audi types luxurious types Cars for protect from damaging, increasing life of the vehicle ,increases the handling , increases comfort of passengers and many more..
So according to me if you remove the suspension system, then you feel like in bull-cart in Audi, Mercedes, BMW type luxurious cars . The only diffrence is speed.
So the scope of Suspension System is Too Bright !!!
Introduction : Basic Feature of an Automobile
Car Body Details
Types of Vehicle
Body Engineering Terminology
Morphology of Vehicle Body ( Structural ) Design
Design Considerations
This presentation aims to design and analysis of the structure of Hyperloop chassis, which was designed for Hyperloop Pod Building Competition organized by SpaceX 2019.
Static analysis of alloy wheel using ansys15.0eSAT Journals
Abstract Wheels are the main components of the car. The wheels with tires provide the better cushioning effect to the car. Without engine a car may be towed but at the same time a car cannot be towed without wheels. . The main requirement of the vehicle or automobile tires are it must be perfect to perform its all the functions. Reverse engineering is a good method to redesign the old component. The wheels have to pass different tests for best performance like static analysis, vibration analysis etc. In this project a wheel was considered for the analysis. During the part of the thesis project aluminium alloy was carried out for the FEA analysis. Design is an important manufacturing activity which provides the quality of the product. The 3-dimensional model of the alloy wheel was designed by using the technology reverse engineering. The 3-dimensional model was designed in the modelling software CATIA v5.and further it was imported to the ANSYS 15.0 by using IGES format. The finite element analysis of the model was meshed by using 10 node tetrahedron solid element. The static condition was chosen for the analysis. This was constrained in all degree of freedom at the bolt. The pressure was applied on the outer rim surface of the alloy wheel. In the analysis, the results of the equivalent stress, safety factor, and deformation were calculated. In this analysis the von-misses stress were below the yield strength. All the results which were analyzed are good for the design which was drawn by reverse engineering. Keywords: Alloy Wheel, Reverse Engineering, CATIA, Stress Analysis, ANSYS15.0 etc…
Design Modification and Analysis of Automobile Wheel Rim using Finite Element...ijsrd.com
Importance of wheel in the automobile is obvious. The vehicle may be towed without the engine but at the same time even that is also not possible without the wheels, the wheels along the tire has to carry the vehicle load, provide cushioning effect and cope with the steering control. Generally wheel spokes are the supports consisting of a radial member of a wheel joining the hub to the rim. Spokes make vehicles look great but at the same time they require attention in maintenance. To perform their functions best, the spokes must be kept under the right amount of tension. If a spoke does break, the wheel generally becomes instantly unbalanced also the hub may break. The purpose of the car wheel rim provides a firm base on which to fit the tire. The motorcycle riders are subjected to extreme vibrations due to the vibrations of its engine, improper structural design of the motorcycle and the bad road conditions. So in this project the attempt has been made to reduce the vibrations of vehicle by providing springs instead of the spokes at the wheel. The springs will work as suspension members at wheels as well as they will provide proper strength that is adequate to proper operation of the wheel. The CAD model of a motor cycle will be made in solid works and later it is analyzed in ANSYS 14.5. The results of suspension of ordinary wheel rim and spring based rim will be compared.
collision. There are number of wheel test are available in designing of rim to fulfill the safety requirements
and standards. The aim of this study was to analyze and study the structure for car wheel rim by using the
numerical method. The most of the test procedure has to comply with international standards, which establishes
minimum mechanical requirements and impact collision characteristics of wheels. Numerical implementation of
impact test is convenient for shorten the design time and lower development cost. In this study cast aluminium
alloy wheel rim are used for simulation of impact test by using 3–D explicit finite element methods. The design
of aluminium alloy wheel for automobile application which is carried out and paying special attention to
optimization of the shape and mass of the wheel rim according to aesthetical point of view, to overcome the
wheel cap. A finite element model of the wheel with its tire and striker were developed taking account of the
nonlinearity material properties. Simulation was conducted to study the stress and displacement distributions
during impact test. The analyses results are presented as a function of time. The study is carried under the above
constraints and the results are taken to carryout for further analysis i.e. shape and weight optimization of the
wheel.
LIFETIME IMPROVEMENT USING MOBILE AGENT IN WIRELESS SENSOR NETWORKJournal For Research
Wireless sensor networks have attracted much attention in the research community over the last few years, driven by a wealth of theoretical and practical challenges and an increasing number of practical civilian application. ‘one deployment, multiple applications’ is an emerging trend in the development of WSN, due to the high cost of deploying hundreds and thousands of sensors nodes over a wide geographical area and the application-specific nature of tasking a WSN. A wireless sensor network is a collection of nodes organized into a cooperative network. To reduce the energy consumption, the transmission of data between sensor nodes must be reduced in order to preserve the remaining energy in cluster node. We propose a new energy balancing architecture based on cluster with hexagonal geometry with radius R.select the base station and after select the cluster head with maximum energy of the node and after select mobile agent in minimum distance to cluster head and second highest maximum energy. And then send the data mobile agent to cluster head and cluster head to base station.and we have energy management must be followed to balance the energy in the whole network and improving network lifetime.
Design and Structural Analysis of Alloy Wheels for Light Weight Vehicles iosrjce
IOSR Journal of Mechanical and Civil Engineering (IOSR-JMCE) is a double blind peer reviewed International Journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of mechanical and civil engineering and its applications. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications in mechanical and civil engineering. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications.
Design of half shaft and wheel hub assembly for racing carRavi Shekhar
The Half - Shaft and Wheel Hub of Formula One racing car was designed taking into consideration one of the popular model of Redbull racing car. The various dimension of shaft and hub were altered to attain maximum factor of safety.
Evaluation Of Factors Affecting Sliding Wear Behaviour Of Al-Flyash Metal Mat...IJMER
International Journal of Modern Engineering Research (IJMER) is Peer reviewed, online Journal. It serves as an international archival forum of scholarly research related to engineering and science education.
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Model Optimization and structural Analysis of a Car Rim
1. Jtasr.com Case Study
J. Technological Advances and Scientific Res./eISSN- 2454-1788, pISSN- 2395-5600/ Vol. 2/ Issue 02/ Apr-June 2016 Page 105
MODEL OPTIMIZATION AND STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS OF CAR RIM
K. N. D. Malleswara Rao1, M. N. V. Stalin Babu2, V. Sai Narayana3, V. Vineeth Kumar4
1Assistant Professor, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Andhra Loyola Institute of Engineering and Technology.
2B. Tech. Student, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Andhra Loyola Institute of Engineering and Technology.
3B. Tech. Student, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Andhra Loyola Institute of Engineering and Technology.
4B. Tech. Student, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Andhra Loyola Institute of Engineering and Technology.
ABSTRACT
Automotive organizations are paying their major interest in the weight reduction of components to minimize fuel cost. This
weight can be reduced by introducing new materials and manufacturing processes with optimization of design.[1] In this paper, an
attempt is made to minimize the stress and deformation of the wheel by replacing the aluminium alloy with other alloy materials
and composites. This gave a new approach in the field of optimization of car wheel rim. In this work, the modelling is done by using
CATIA V5 R20 and analysis is made by using ANSYS 14.5.[2] The analysis also shows that after the optimization, the stresses generated
from the wheel rim will be below the yield stress.
KEYWORDS
ANSYS, CATIA, Pressure Load, Renault, Volkswagen.
HOW TO CITE THIS ARTICLE: Rao KNDM, Babu MNVS, Narayana VS, et al. Model optimization and structural analysis of car rim. J.
Technological Advances and Scientific Res. 2016;2(2):105-114, DOI: 10.14260/jtasr/2016/17
1. INTRODUCTION
The rim of a wheel is the outer circular design of the metal on
which the inside edge of the tire is mounted on vehicles such
as automobiles.
1.1 Types of Rims
1. Wire spoke wheel
2. Steel disc wheel
3. Light alloy wheel
a. Aluminium alloy wheel
b. Magnesium alloy wheel
c. Titanium alloy wheel
d. Composite material wheel
Different materials have different effects on the strength,
stability and life of the wheel rim. Similarly, even changing the
thickness of the wheel by a few inches can drastically affect the
properties of the wheel rim.[3] In this paper, we have analysed
a wheel rim by varying the thickness of the wheel and also by
applying different materials.
1.2 Materials and their Characteristics
Steel has an excellent feature of high fatigue strength. It
can withstand to maximum number of cyclic loads.[4] But
due to its weight, the fuel consumption is more.
Aluminium alloy is a metal with features of excellent
lightness, thermal conductivity, physical characteristics of
casting, low heat, machine processing and reutilizing,
etc.[5] This metal’s main advantage is decreased weight,
high precision and design choices of the wheel.
Magnesium alloy is about 30% lighter than aluminium
and also admirable as for size stability and impact
resistance.[6] However, its use is mainly restricted to
racing, which needs the features of weightlessness and
high strength.
Financial or Other, Competing Interest: None.
Submission 12-03-2016, Peer Review 21-03-2016,
Acceptance 10-04-2016, Published 11-04-2016.
Corresponding Author:
K. N. D. Malleswara Rao,
D. No. 61-24-16,
Tagore St. RL Nagar,
Vijayawada-520013.
E-mail: nottymalli@gmail.com
DOI: 10.14260/jtasr/2016/17
Titanium is an admirable metal for corrosion resistance
and strength about 2.5 times compared with aluminium,
but it is inferior due to machine processing, designing and
more cost.[7]
Composite material wheel is different from the light alloy
wheel and it is developed mainly for low weight. However,
this wheel has inadequate consistency against heat and for
best strength.[8] For analysis in this paper, polyether ether
ketone is taken as polymer matrix composite and
reinforced with 30% carbon.
2. MODELLING OF RIM USING CATIA VR20
Sl.
No.
Specification Value
1 Rim Width 230 mm
2 Wheel Diameter 470 mm
3 Offset 20 mm
4 Number of spokes 5
5 Rim thickness 3 mm
6 Bolt diameter 16 mm
7 Number of bolt holes 5
Table 1: Renault Rim Specifications
Sl.
No.
Specification Value
1 Rim Width 250 mm
2 Wheel Diameter 450 mm
3 Offset 25 mm
4 Number of spokes 10
5 Rim thickness 5 mm
6 Bolt diameter 20 mm
7 Number of bolt holes 5
Table 2: Volkswagen Rim Specifications
2. Jtasr.com Case Study
J. Technological Advances and Scientific Res./eISSN- 2454-1788, pISSN- 2395-5600/ Vol. 2/ Issue 02/ Apr-June 2016 Page 106
Fig. 1: Volkswagen Actual Model
Fig. 2: Renault Actual Model
Fig. 3: Volkswagen Optimized Model
Fig. 4: Renault Optimized Model
3. ANALYSIS OF WHEEL RIM
Auto mesh is done in ANSYS workbench to solve the
differential equations, which are a combination of structured
and unstructured mesh.[9] The imported file geometry
undergoes meshing, after which boundary conditions are
applied to the physical domain. Wheel rim is considered as it
is in static condition and the boundary conditions like
pressures are applied. As the problem is taken in statics, the
entire load on the wheel rim will be distributed throughout the
rim because of the air.
Fig. 5: Imported Model in ANSYS
Fig. 6: Meshed Model
Fig. 7: Imported Model in ANSYS
3. Jtasr.com Case Study
J. Technological Advances and Scientific Res./eISSN- 2454-1788, pISSN- 2395-5600/ Vol. 2/ Issue 02/ Apr-June 2016 Page 107
Fig. 8: Meshed Model
3.1 Boundary Conditions and Loading:
Displacements
A. Translation in x, y, z directions is zero.
B. Rotation in x, y, z direction is zero.
These conditions are applied on the five holes provided on
the rim.
Loading
After constraining the meshed model, the model is subjected
to an inflation pressure of 0.24131 MPa. Later the solution is
done in the SOLVER module.[10] Next solution results such as
stress, displacement are calculated for all the materials.
Fig. 9: Displacement
Fig. 10: Load Applied
3.2 Material Properties
MATERIAL/
PROPERTIES
YOUNG’S
MODULUS
POISSON’S
RATIO
DENSITY
[11]STEEL ALLOY 2e+11 pa 0.3
7850
kg/m^3
ALUMINIUM
ALLOY
7.1e+10 pa 0.33
2700
kg/m^3
MAGNESIUM
ALLOY
4.5e+10 pa 0.35
1800
kg/m^3
[12] TITANIUM
ALLOY
9.6e+10 pa 0.36
4620
kg/m^3
CARBON
COMPOSITE
MATERIAL
2.23e+11
pa
0.44
2200
kg/m^3
Table 3: Material Properties
4. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
4.1 Structural Analysis Results for Actual Renault Model
4.1.1 Steel Alloy:
Fig. 11: Deformation
Fig. 12: Stress
4.1.2 Aluminium Alloy
Fig. 13: Deformation
4. Jtasr.com Case Study
J. Technological Advances and Scientific Res./eISSN- 2454-1788, pISSN- 2395-5600/ Vol. 2/ Issue 02/ Apr-June 2016 Page 108
Fig. 14: Stress
4.1.3 Magnesium Alloy:
Fig. 15: Deformation
Fig. 16: Stress
4.1.4 Titanium Alloy:
Fig. 17: Deformation
Fig. 18: Stress
4.1.5 Carbon Composite Material:
Fig. 19: Deformation
Fig. 20: Stress
4.2 Results for Optimized Renault Model
4.2.1 Steel Alloy
Fig. 21: Deformation
6. Jtasr.com Case Study
J. Technological Advances and Scientific Res./eISSN- 2454-1788, pISSN- 2395-5600/ Vol. 2/ Issue 02/ Apr-June 2016 Page 110
Fig. 30: Stress
4.3 Structural Analysis Results of Actual Volkswagen
Model
4.3.1 Steel Alloy
Fig. 31: Deformation
Fig. 32: Stress
4.3.2 Aluminium Alloy
Fig. 33: Deformation
Fig. 34: Stress
4.3.3 Magnesium Alloy
Fig. 35: Deformation
Fig. 36: Stress
4.3.4 Titanium Alloy
Fig. 37: Deformation
7. Jtasr.com Case Study
J. Technological Advances and Scientific Res./eISSN- 2454-1788, pISSN- 2395-5600/ Vol. 2/ Issue 02/ Apr-June 2016 Page 111
Fig. 38: Stress
4.3.5 Carbon Composite Material
Fig. 39: Deformation
Fig. 40: Stress
4.4 Results for Optimized Volkswagen Model
4.4.1 Steel Alloy
Fig. 41: Deformation
Fig. 42: Stress
4.4.2 Aluminium Alloy
Fig. 43: Deformation
Fig. 44: Stress
4.4.3 Magnesium Alloy
Fig.45: Deformation
8. Jtasr.com Case Study
J. Technological Advances and Scientific Res./eISSN- 2454-1788, pISSN- 2395-5600/ Vol. 2/ Issue 02/ Apr-June 2016 Page 112
Fig. 46: Stress
4.4.4 Titanium Alloy
Fig. 47: Deformation
Fig. 48: Stress
4.4.5 Carbon Composite Material
Fig. 49: Deformation
Fig. 50: Stress
4. RESULTS SUMMARY
MODEL
MATERIALS
STEEL ALLOY
AL
ALLOY
MG
ALLOY
TITANIUM
ALLOY
CARBON
COMPOSITE
MATERIAL
RENAULT
ACTUAL
STRESS 3.2747 3.2397 3.2162 3.2043 3.228
DEFORMATION 0.0040625 0.011487 0.018169 0.008527 0.0074238
RENAULT
MODIFIED
STRESS 3.1253 3.0965 3.1103 3.0523 3.089
DEFORMATION 0.00338 0.009555 0.01511 0.0070906 0.0061744
VOLKSWAGEN
ACTUAL
STRESS 4.8508 4.8155 4.7915 4.7794 4.8035
DEFORMATION 0.0008153 0.0023062 0.0036491 0.001713 0.0014907
VOLKSWAGEN
MODIFIED
STRESS 4.6774 4.6638 4.6547 4.650 4.6592
DEFORMATION 0.00047522 0.0013429 0.0021233 0.0009963 0.00086771
Table 4: Results Summary
9. Jtasr.com Case Study
J. Technological Advances and Scientific Res./eISSN- 2454-1788, pISSN- 2395-5600/ Vol. 2/ Issue 02/ Apr-June 2016 Page 113
1=STEEL
ALLOY
2=AL
ALLOY
3=MG
ALLOY
4=
TITANIUM
ALLOY
5= CARBON
COMPOSITE
MATERIAL
CONCLUSION
The modelling is done in CATIA and the model was saved in
the IGES format and imported into ANSYS. In the ANSYS
software, the analysis of 4 models done by changing the
materials. The results were tabulated and compared in the
investigation. We came to know that for all the 4 models of rim,
both the stress values and deformation values are low for
Titanium alloy compared to all other alloys, which are used in
this project. But the cost of Titanium is not affordable by
general model cars. So, we are going for next better material
whose values are nearer to Titanium and we got composite
material that is the best material next to titanium. So we
suggest that composite material can be used for the Rim
manufacturing, which is the lighter and strength material
compared to other remaining materials.
FUTURE SCOPE
In the above proposed work only pressure acting
circumferentially on the wheel rim is only considered. This can
be extended to other forces that act on the wheel rim and
structural analysis is carried out. This can be extended to
transient analysis.
REFERENCES
1. Andrew D Hartz. “Finite element analysis of the classic
bicycle wheel.” Raytheon Engineering and Production
Support Indianapolis, Indiana, July 18, 2002.
2. Liangmo Wang. “The fatigue analysis of aluminium wheel
rim.” Journal of Mechanical Engineering 2011;1:31-39.
3. Alexandru Valentin Raduelescu, Sorin Cananau, Irina
Radulescu, et al. Mechanical testing methods concerning
the stress analysis for a vehicle wheel rim. Mechanical
Testing and Diagnosis 2012;2:33-39.
4. Sunil N Yadav, Hanamapure NS. Modelling and analysis
of camber angle on fatigue life of wheel rim of passenger
car by using radial fatigue testing. International Journal
of Engineering Science and Innovative Technology
(IJESIT) 2013;2(9):4309-4318.
10. Jtasr.com Case Study
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5. Meghashyam P, Naidu SG, Baba NS. Design and analysis
of wheel rim using CATIA & ANSYS. international journal
of application or innovation in engineering management
2013;2(8):14-20.
6. Satyanarayana N, Sambaiah Ch. Fatigue analysis of
aluminium alloy wheel under radial load. International
Journal of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering (IJMIE)
ISSN No. 2231–6477, 2012;2(1):1-6.
7. Trapti Sharma, Mugdha Shrivastava, Pratesh Jayaswal.
Failure analysis of wheel rim. International Journal of
Automobile Engineering Research & Development
(IJAERD) ISSN 2277-4785, 2013;3(1):97-106.
8. Sourav Das. "Design and weight optimization of
aluminium alloy wheel." International Journal of Science
and Research Publications ISSN 2250-3153,
2014;4(6):1-12.
9. Lam PC, Srivastam TS. An analysis of stress and
displacement distribution in a rotating rim subjected to
pressure and radial loads. International Journal Of
Research In Mechanical Engineering 2014.
10. Suwarnatorgal, Swati Mishra. Stress analysis of wheel
rim. International Journal of Mechanical Engineering
and Research ISSN: 2277-8128;1(1):34-37.
11. Sushant K Bawne. Review of automobile wheel rim
design materials and its considerations. Int. Journal of
Engineering Research and Applications ISSN: 2248-
9622, Part – 2, 2015;5(10):01-08.
12. Dharmaraju T, Venkateswara Rao K. Analysis of wheel
rim using finite element method. IJERT ISSN: 2278-0181,
2014;3(1).
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J. Technological Advances and Scientific Res./eISSN- 2454-1788, pISSN- 2395-5600/ Vol. 2/ Issue 02/ Apr-June 2016 Page 105
MODEL OPTIMIZATION AND STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS OF CAR RIM
K. N. D. Malleswara Rao1, M. N. V. Stalin Babu2, V. Sai Narayana3, V. Vineeth Kumar4
1Assistant Professor, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Andhra Loyola Institute of Engineering and Technology.
2B. Tech. Student, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Andhra Loyola Institute of Engineering and Technology.
3B. Tech. Student, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Andhra Loyola Institute of Engineering and Technology.
4B. Tech. Student, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Andhra Loyola Institute of Engineering and Technology.
ABSTRACT
Automotive organizations are paying their major interest in the weight reduction of components to minimize fuel cost. This
weight can be reduced by introducing new materials and manufacturing processes with optimization of design.[1] In this paper, an
attempt is made to minimize the stress and deformation of the wheel by replacing the aluminium alloy with other alloy materials
and composites. This gave a new approach in the field of optimization of car wheel rim. In this work, the modelling is done by using
CATIA V5 R20 and analysis is made by using ANSYS 14.5.[2] The analysis also shows that after the optimization, the stresses generated
from the wheel rim will be below the yield stress.
KEYWORDS
ANSYS, CATIA, Pressure Load, Renault, Volkswagen.
HOW TO CITE THIS ARTICLE: Rao KNDM, Babu MNVS, Narayana VS, et al. Model optimization and structural analysis of car rim. J.
Technological Advances and Scientific Res. 2016;2(2):105-114, DOI: 10.14260/jtasr/2016/17
1. INTRODUCTION
The rim of a wheel is the outer circular design of the metal on
which the inside edge of the tire is mounted on vehicles such
as automobiles.
1.1 Types of Rims
1. Wire spoke wheel
2. Steel disc wheel
3. Light alloy wheel
a. Aluminium alloy wheel
b. Magnesium alloy wheel
c. Titanium alloy wheel
d. Composite material wheel
Different materials have different effects on the strength,
stability and life of the wheel rim. Similarly, even changing the
thickness of the wheel by a few inches can drastically affect the
properties of the wheel rim.[3] In this paper, we have analysed
a wheel rim by varying the thickness of the wheel and also by
applying different materials.
1.2 Materials and their Characteristics
Steel has an excellent feature of high fatigue strength. It
can withstand to maximum number of cyclic loads.[4] But
due to its weight, the fuel consumption is more.
Aluminium alloy is a metal with features of excellent
lightness, thermal conductivity, physical characteristics of
casting, low heat, machine processing and reutilizing,
etc.[5] This metal’s main advantage is decreased weight,
high precision and design choices of the wheel.
Magnesium alloy is about 30% lighter than aluminium
and also admirable as for size stability and impact
resistance.[6] However, its use is mainly restricted to
racing, which needs the features of weightlessness and
high strength.
Financial or Other, Competing Interest: None.
Submission 12-03-2016, Peer Review 21-03-2016,
Acceptance 10-04-2016, Published 11-04-2016.
Corresponding Author:
K. N. D. Malleswara Rao,
D. No. 61-24-16,
Tagore St. RL Nagar,
Vijayawada-520013.
E-mail: nottymalli@gmail.com
DOI: 10.14260/jtasr/2016/17
Titanium is an admirable metal for corrosion resistance
and strength about 2.5 times compared with aluminium,
but it is inferior due to machine processing, designing and
more cost.[7]
Composite material wheel is different from the light alloy
wheel and it is developed mainly for low weight. However,
this wheel has inadequate consistency against heat and for
best strength.[8] For analysis in this paper, polyether ether
ketone is taken as polymer matrix composite and
reinforced with 30% carbon.
2. MODELLING OF RIM USING CATIA VR20
Sl.
No.
Specification Value
1 Rim Width 230 mm
2 Wheel Diameter 470 mm
3 Offset 20 mm
4 Number of spokes 5
5 Rim thickness 3 mm
6 Bolt diameter 16 mm
7 Number of bolt holes 5
Table 1: Renault Rim Specifications
Sl.
No.
Specification Value
1 Rim Width 250 mm
2 Wheel Diameter 450 mm
3 Offset 25 mm
4 Number of spokes 10
5 Rim thickness 5 mm
6 Bolt diameter 20 mm
7 Number of bolt holes 5
Table 2: Volkswagen Rim Specifications](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/bc8b8d65-ea26-4d39-8a99-6090377db742-160411101149/85/Model-Optimization-and-structural-Analysis-of-a-Car-Rim-1-320.jpg)
![Jtasr.com Case Study
J. Technological Advances and Scientific Res./eISSN- 2454-1788, pISSN- 2395-5600/ Vol. 2/ Issue 02/ Apr-June 2016 Page 106
Fig. 1: Volkswagen Actual Model
Fig. 2: Renault Actual Model
Fig. 3: Volkswagen Optimized Model
Fig. 4: Renault Optimized Model
3. ANALYSIS OF WHEEL RIM
Auto mesh is done in ANSYS workbench to solve the
differential equations, which are a combination of structured
and unstructured mesh.[9] The imported file geometry
undergoes meshing, after which boundary conditions are
applied to the physical domain. Wheel rim is considered as it
is in static condition and the boundary conditions like
pressures are applied. As the problem is taken in statics, the
entire load on the wheel rim will be distributed throughout the
rim because of the air.
Fig. 5: Imported Model in ANSYS
Fig. 6: Meshed Model
Fig. 7: Imported Model in ANSYS](data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAAAAP///yH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAIBRAA7)