The Kalmyk language uses different negative morphemes depending on verb tense: uga is used sentence-finally in present tense and preverbally in past tense, while -d̩goβ and -dʒaxʃu are verbal suffixes that indicate negation in habitual and present contexts respectively. Kalmyk does not have modal verbs like English but instead uses verbs like "to need" and "to be" and their inflections to convey similar meanings. When a sentence translating to a modal is negated, it takes the distinct negative suffix -ʃgot regardless of verb or person/number.