The document provides information on expressing ability, permission, and obligation in Spanish using various modal verbs and constructions. It includes affirmative, negative, and interrogative examples for expressing ability, permission, obligation, probability, and past/future ability using modal verbs like poder, deber, tener, and ir a. It also covers expressing obligation with deber, tener que, and constructions like soler + infinitive, acostumbrar a + infinitive, and solía + infinitive.

2. Express ability / Poder
(+) They can run very fast.
(--) They can’t run very fast.
Ask
Exº Can I look your collar?
–Yes, you can. / No, you can’t.

3. Express ability / Poder in past
Probability / Podría
(+) They could bark very loud when they were puppies.
(-) They couldn’t bark very loud when they were puppies.
Ask permission politely
Exº Could I sit on your lap, please?
Exº Could I have some more food, please?

4. Permission
Exº They may bite you.
Ask / give / refuse permission (formal)
Exº May I have a snack?

5. Permission / Poder in past
Small Probability / Podría
(+) They might help you.
(-) They mightn’t help you.
Ask / give / refuse permission (formal)
Might I have a snack?
-Yes, you might. No, you mightn’t.

6. +
I
He, she, it
We, you, they
Am
Is
are
Able to VSF
-
I
He, She, It
We, You, They
Am not
Is not
are not Able to VSF
isn't / aren’t
?
Am
Is
Are
I
He, She, It
We, You, They
Able to VSF-?

7. I am able to do decisions in my work
She is able to finish her thesis
I am not able to get drunk in a party
He is not able to say “sorry!”
Are you able to jump on your bed? Yes, I am – No, I’m not
Is he able to cook a cheesecake? Yes, He is - No, He’s not
sorry, excuse me, pardon me, write off

8. + I,He, she, it
We, you, they
Was
were
Able to VSF
-
I, He, she, it
We, you, they
Was not
were not Able to VSF
wasn't / weren’t
? Was
Were
I, He, she, it
We, you, they
Able to VSF - ?

9. I was able to do decisions in my work
She was able to end her thesis
I was not able to get drunk in the party
He was not able to say “sorry!”
Were you able to jump on your bed? Yes, I was – No, I wasn’t
Was he able to cook a cheesecake? Yes, He was - No, He wasn’t
sorry, excuse me, pardon me, write off

10. +
I
He, she, it
We, you, they
Will Be able to VSF
-
I
He, she, it
We, you, they
Won’t Be Able to VSF
? Will
I
He, she, it
We, you, they
Be able to VSF

11. I will be able to do decisions in my work
She will be able to finish her thesis
I won’t be able to get drunk in a party
He won’t be able to say “sorry!”
Will you be able to jump on your bed? Yes, I will – No, I won’t
Will he be able to cook a cheesecake? Yes, He will - No, He won’t
sorry, excuse me, pardon me, write off

12. +
I
HE / SHE / IT
WE / YOU / THEY
Am
Is going to
Are
Be able to VSF
-
I
HE / SHE / IT
WE / YOU / THEY
am
Is not going to
Are
Be able to VSF
?
Am
Is
are
I
HE / SHE / IT going to
WE / YOU / THEY
Be able to VSF - ?

13. I am going to be able to do decisions in my work
She is going to be able to finish her thesis
I am not going to be able to get drunk in a party
He is not going to be able to say “sorry!”
Are you going to be able to jump on your bed? Yes, I will – No, I won’t
Is he going to be able to cook a cheesecake? Yes, He will - No, He won’t
sorry, excuse me, pardon me, write off

14. MUST, OUGHT TO, SHOULD
MUST
(+) PRONOUNS + OUGHT TO + VSF
SHOULD
MUSTN’T
(-) PRONOUNS + OUGHTN’T + VSF
SHOULDN’T
(?) SHOULD + PRONOUN + VSF?

15. + I, you, we they
He, She , It
Have to
Has to
VSF complement
- I, you, we, they
He, She, It
Don’t
Doesn’t
Have to VSF
? Do
Does
I, you we they
He, she it
Have to VSF---?

16. + I, you, we they
He, She , It
Had to VSF complement
- I, you, we, they
He, She, It
Didn’t Have to VSF
? did
I, you we they
He, she it
Have to VSF---?

17. + I, you, we they
He, She , It
WILL have to VSF complement
- I, you, we, they
He, She, It
Won’t Have to VSF
? Will
I, you we they
He, she it
Have to VSF---?

18. + I, you, we they
He, She , It
WILL have to VSF complement
- I, you, we, they
He, She, It
Won’t Have to VSF
? Will
I, you we they
He, she it
Have to VSF---?

19. WOULD
(+) PRONOUNS + WOULD + VSF
YURI WOULD GO OUT WITH HER FRIENDS
(-) PRONOUNS + WOULDN’T + VSF
RICARDO WOULDN’T LEAVE TO THE STREET
(?)WOULD + PRONOUN + VSF?
HOW LONG WOULD WE TAKE CLSSES ONLINE?

20. HAD BETTER
(+) PRONOUNS + HAD BETTER + VSF
I’D BETTER BUY THIS SOAP

21. HAD BETTER
(+) PRONOUNS + HAD BETTER + VSF
I’D BETTER BUY THIS SOAP

22. BE SUPPOSED TO
AM
(+) PRONOUNS + IS SUPPOSED TO + VSF
ARE
NAYELI IS SUPPOSED TO TAKE CLASS TODAY
PRESENT
WAS
(+) PRONOUNS + SUPPOSED TO + VSF
WERE
NAYELI WAS SUPPOSED TO TAKE CLASS TODAY
PAST

23. USED TO
(+) PRONOUNS + used to + VSF
Karim used to work
(-) PRONOUNS + didn’t use to + VSF
Ricardo didn’t use to study English
(?)Did + PRONOUNS + use to + VSF?
Did Julio use to eat fast food?
Yes, He did – No, He didn’t

24. PROGRESSIVE FORM OF MODALS
CAN
COULD
SHOULD BE
WOULD
WILL
AM
IS GOING TO BE
ARE
HAVE TO
BE
HAS TO
HAD TO BE
WILL HAVE TO BE
VERB – ING
GERUND