The document provides an overview of modal verbs used in English, highlighting their functions in conveying mood, ability, permission, obligation, and possibility. It categorizes various modal verbs such as 'can', 'may', 'must', 'shall', 'will', 'should', 'would', and 'ought to', along with examples of their usage in different contexts. Additionally, it explains the nuances of expressing desires, determinations, and requests through these verbs.

1. HOLIDAY HOMEWORK
SUBJECT :- ENGLISH
CLASS :- 9TH D

2. MODALS
 MODALVERBS AREA SPECIAL KIND OF HELPINGVERB.A MODAL VERB HELPS
THE MAINVERB TO EXPRESSTHE MOOD OF THE SUBJECT AND ATTHE SAME
TIME IT CAN INDICATE POSSIBILITY , PERSUASION ,
ABILITY,WILLINGNESS,ETC.
 CAN WILL MUST
 COULD WOULD MIGHT
 SHOULD OUGHT

3. CAN ,COULD
ABILITY • I CANSPEAK ENGLISH . ( I AMABLETO SPEAK
ENGLISH.)
• HE CAN WORK THIS MACHINE.
• I COULDWRITETHE LETTER IN ENGLISH IF IWANTED
TO.
• HE COULDWRITE ENGLISH BEFORE HE CAMETO
SCHOOL.
PERMISSOIN ▪ YOU CANGO NOW . (YOUARE PERMITTEDTO GO.)
▪ STOP!YOU CAN’T DOTHAT (YOU ARE NOT ALLOWED OR
PERMITTED TO DOTHAT .)
▪ CAN I GOTOTHE CINEMATONIGHT
▪ COULDYOU LEND ME 5$ FOR A WEEK.

4. MAY , MIGHT
PERMISSION ➢ MAY I GO OUT
➢ YOU MAY GO NOW [YOU ARE PERMITTEDTO GO OUT ]
> HE MIGHT ENTERTHECOLLEGE NEXTYEAR
POSSIBILITY ➢ IT MAY RAINTONIGHT [ IT IS POSSIBLETHAT IT WILL RAINTONIGHT ]
➢ IT MAY BETRUE . [IT IS POSSIBLY TRUE ]
➢ HE MIGHT NOT HAVE COME EVEN IF WE HAD ASKED HIM .
OUESTIONS ➢ MAY ITROUBLEYOU TO PASSTHE SALT
➢ MIGHT I BORROWYOUR PENS
MIGHT (BUT NOT MAY) IS USED TO MAKE REQUEST.
AUXILARY VERBS ➢ A WISH :- MAY GOD BLESSYOU.
➢ APURPOSE :-WE EAT THAT WE MAY LIVE.

5. MUST
COMPULSION IR STRONG MORAL
OBLIGATION
❖ WE MUST KEEPOUR PROMESSES.
❖WE MUST OBEYTHE LAWS OFTHE
COUNTRY .
FIXED DETERMINATION ❖ I MUST HAVE MY MONEY BACK
❖ I MUST HAVE MY SAY INTHIS MATTER.
DUTY ❖ A JUDGE MUST BE UPRIGHT.
❖ A SOLDIER MUST FIGHT FOR HIS COUNTRY
CERTANITY OR STRONG LIKIHOOD ❖ HE MUST BE UP BY THIS TIME.
❖ THEY MUST HAVE MISSED THETRAIN.

6. SHALL
INASSERTIVE SENTENCES, SHALL INTHE FIRST PERSON
SIMPLY GIVES INFORMATIONABOUTTHE FUTURE
ACTION.
a) SHALL HELPYOU
b) I SHALL BE SIXTEEN ON MONDAY
SHALL IN SECONDORTHIRD PERSON IS USED TO
DENOTE :-
1) A PROMISE
a) YOU SHALL HAVE A HOLIDAY TOMMOROW.
b) YOU SHALL HAVEB A MEDAL IFYOU WIN.
2) A COMMAND A) HE SHALL GO (HE IS COMMANDED TO GO ).
B)
3) ATHREAT A) IFYOU DOTHISYOU SHALL BE DISMISSED.
B)HE SHALL BE PUNISHED IF HE DOES THAT AGAIN.
4)DETERMINATION A)YOU SHALLGOTHERE.(=YOU WILL BE OBLIGEDTO GO
THERE.)
B)YOU SHALLAPOLOGIZE FOR THAT.

7. WILL
INASSERTIVE SENTENCE,WILL INTHE SECONDAND
THIRD PERSON INDICATE SIMPLE FUTURITY ,WITHOUT
ANY REFERENCETOTHE WISH OFTHEAGENT.
HEWILLWINTHE FIRST PRIZE.
YOU WILL BE ABLE TO DO IT IN NOTIME.
WIIL INTHE FIRST PERSON IS USED TO DENOTE--→
1) DETERMINATION
IWILL DO AS I LIKE ( I AM DETERMINEDTO DOAS I LIKE .)
2)A PROMISE IWILL HELPYOU (= I PROMISETO HELPYOU.)
3) ATHREAT IWILL EXPOSE HER (= ITHREATERNTO EXPOSE HER.)
4) A WISH I WILLGO HOME (= IT DENOTES WISH ONTHE PART OFTHE
SPEAKER.)
5) WILLINGNESS IWILL LENDYOU MAY PEN (= I AMWILLINGYOU TO LEND
YOU MY PEN .)

8. SHOULD
EXPRESS DUTY OR OBLIGATION IN ALL PERSONS WE SHOULD HELPTHE POOR
GIVING OR ASKINGADVICE YOU SHOULD NOT LAUGHAT HER MISTAKES
INDICATES DISAPPOVAL OF SOMETHINGTHAT WAS DONE
INTHE PAST .
THE EXPRESS EXPERSSION , POSSIBILTY , CONDESTION
EG;- IF IT SHOULD RAINTHE SCHOOLWILL REMAINS CLOSE
TO EXPRESSS PURPOSE AND RESULT INCLAUSES
INTRODUCED IN ORDERTHAT AND SOTHAT EG; 20
COPYS OF THE BOOKWERE BOUGHT SHOU
AFTER LESTTO EXPRESS ARE NEGATIVE PURPOSE EG:- HE
RAN FAST LESS HE SHOULD MISSTHE TRAIN
.
IN DEPENDENT CLOSIS AFTERVERBS AND PHASES
INDICATING DETERMINATIONOR WILLINGNESS , THREAT,
ORDER OR PROMISSES EG:- IN PROMISE MY BROTHER
THAT HE SHUOLD HAVEA NEW PEN.

9. WOULD
WOULDTHE PAST FORM OFTHEWILL, IS USED.
1.TO EXPRESS AWISH
IWOULD KNOW WHAT MY DUTY IS
2)TO INDICATE REFUSAL SHE WOULD NOT (= REFUSED TO) ANSWER THE QUESTION
3)TO EXPRESS
DETERMINATION
HE WOULD HAVE HIS OWNWAY (= HEWAS DETERMINEDTO
HAVE HIS OWNWAY.)
4)TO EXPRESS PAST HABIT SHE WOULD SIT (= WAS INTHE HABIT OF SITTING ) FOR
HOURS IN HER GARDEN AND KNIT.
5)TO EXPRESS WILLINGERS IN
THE PAST
SHE SAIDTHAT SHE WOULD HELP ME.
6) IN POLITE SPEECH WOULD DO MIND IF I SHUT THE WINDOW.
7)TO DENOTE CONDITION OR IF HE SHOULD HEAR OFYOUR MARRIAGE , HE WOULD BE
SURPRISED.

10. OUGHTTO
OUGHT IS UEDTO EXPRESS DESIRBILITY ,MORAL
OBLIGATION AND DUTIES.OUGHT ISA DEFECTIVE
VERB. IT Can INDICATE PRESENT OR FUTURETIME .
ITTAKES AN INFINITIVE AS OBJECT.
WE OUGHTTO LOVE OR NEIGHBOURS .(= IT IS OUR
DUTYTO LOVE OUR NEIGHBOURS .)
OUGHTTO HAVEWITHA PAST PARTICIPLE IS USEDTO
INDICATE A PASTOBLIGATIONTHATWAS NOT
FULFILLEDORCARRYOUT.
YOUOUGHTTO HAVEVHELPED HER (BUTYOU DID
NOT.)
OUGHT NOTA HAVEB IS USEDTO INDICATE
DISAPPROVALOF SOMETHINGTHATWAS DONE IN
THE PAST.
YOU OUGHT NOTTO HAVE LAUGHED AT HER MISTAKES.