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Mobile Phones and the Empowerment of
Women In Developing R i
W       I D    l i Regions


              Pam Kahl
              University of Washington MCDM
              Digital Media in Emerging Markets
              Fall 2009
Fertility
              Choices
              Ch i
                          Tolerance for
                            Domestic
                            Violence



EMPOWERMENT


                            Economic
                          Independence
               Decision
               Making
               M ki
              Autonomy
MDG3
         Promote gender equality
          and empower women
               Education




                                   Political
Employment                         Decision
Opportunity                        Making
Key Findings
      • Positive
         • Ownership equivalent to five extra
           years of education
         • Tool for economic empowerment
         • Less tolerance for domestic violence
         • Sense of possibility

      • Less
         • Fertility preferences
         • Independent decision making

      • Negative
         • Source of distrust
SIMM Marketplace – Grameen meets Ebay
UmNyango – Spotlight on gender-based violence
CycleTel – Family planning goes SMS
No Silver Bullet
• Phones and Airtime Cost $$    • SMS requires literacy

• Aggravates gender conflicts   • No guarantee of access
Looking Ahead
L ki Ah d
    • Increased access to information and social
      connections improves sense of opportunity

    • Positive indicators that economic
      empowerment can foster attitudinal shifts

    • Must socialize new ideas with men as
      much as women

    • Change takes time
Sources
African Renaissance Ambassador Corporation.
   http://www.aracorporation.org/simm.html

Biriwasha, M. (2007, Jan 12) Women Fight for Rights with Cell
         ,    (    ,       )         g         g
    Phones. OhMyNews. Retrieved ttp://english.ohmynews.com

Buskens, I. Webb, A. (Eds.) (2009).
Buskens I & Webb A (Eds ) (2009) African Women and
  ICTs. Investigating , Technology and Empowerment

Diga, K.,
Diga K Dev M Comm B. (2008). Mobile Cell Phones and
             M.,        B (2008)
   Poverty Reduction: Technology Spending Patters and
   Poverty Level Change among Households in Uganda
Sources
Esipsu, I. (2009, Nov. 25) Mobile Phone to Partner in Family
   Planning Sunday Nation. Sunday Nation. Retrieved
   http://www.nation.co.ke

Institute for Reproductive Health, Georgetown University
   [Powerpoint Document]. Retrieved from
   http://www.slideshare.net/IRHgeorgetown/family-planning-
   via-mobile-phones-proofofconcept-testing-in-india-cycletel

Klonner, S. & Nolan, P. (2008). Does ICT Benefit the Poort?
       ,           ,    (    )
   Evidence from South Africa
Sources
Kutoma, W. (2008). [Powerpoint Document] The Internet and
  Mobile Telephony: Implications for Women’s Development
  and Empowerment in Zambia. Retrieved from
  http://www.mobileactive08.org/node/954

Lee, D. (May 2009). The Impact of Mobile Phones on the
  Status of Women in India

Netsquared. http://www.netsquared.org/projects/sustainable-
  impact-mobile-microfinance-simm
     p
Photo Credits
Associated Press

Brendan Bannon/CARE

Phil Borges/CARE

Josh Estey/CARE

David Rochkind/CARE

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Mobile Phones and the Empowerment of Women in Developing Regions

  • 1. Mobile Phones and the Empowerment of Women In Developing R i W I D l i Regions Pam Kahl University of Washington MCDM Digital Media in Emerging Markets Fall 2009
  • 2. Fertility Choices Ch i Tolerance for Domestic Violence EMPOWERMENT Economic Independence Decision Making M ki Autonomy
  • 3. MDG3 Promote gender equality and empower women Education Political Employment Decision Opportunity Making
  • 4. Key Findings • Positive • Ownership equivalent to five extra years of education • Tool for economic empowerment • Less tolerance for domestic violence • Sense of possibility • Less • Fertility preferences • Independent decision making • Negative • Source of distrust
  • 5. SIMM Marketplace – Grameen meets Ebay
  • 6. UmNyango – Spotlight on gender-based violence
  • 7. CycleTel – Family planning goes SMS
  • 8. No Silver Bullet • Phones and Airtime Cost $$ • SMS requires literacy • Aggravates gender conflicts • No guarantee of access
  • 9. Looking Ahead L ki Ah d • Increased access to information and social connections improves sense of opportunity • Positive indicators that economic empowerment can foster attitudinal shifts • Must socialize new ideas with men as much as women • Change takes time
  • 10.
  • 11. Sources African Renaissance Ambassador Corporation. http://www.aracorporation.org/simm.html Biriwasha, M. (2007, Jan 12) Women Fight for Rights with Cell , ( , ) g g Phones. OhMyNews. Retrieved ttp://english.ohmynews.com Buskens, I. Webb, A. (Eds.) (2009). Buskens I & Webb A (Eds ) (2009) African Women and ICTs. Investigating , Technology and Empowerment Diga, K., Diga K Dev M Comm B. (2008). Mobile Cell Phones and M., B (2008) Poverty Reduction: Technology Spending Patters and Poverty Level Change among Households in Uganda
  • 12. Sources Esipsu, I. (2009, Nov. 25) Mobile Phone to Partner in Family Planning Sunday Nation. Sunday Nation. Retrieved http://www.nation.co.ke Institute for Reproductive Health, Georgetown University [Powerpoint Document]. Retrieved from http://www.slideshare.net/IRHgeorgetown/family-planning- via-mobile-phones-proofofconcept-testing-in-india-cycletel Klonner, S. & Nolan, P. (2008). Does ICT Benefit the Poort? , , ( ) Evidence from South Africa
  • 13. Sources Kutoma, W. (2008). [Powerpoint Document] The Internet and Mobile Telephony: Implications for Women’s Development and Empowerment in Zambia. Retrieved from http://www.mobileactive08.org/node/954 Lee, D. (May 2009). The Impact of Mobile Phones on the Status of Women in India Netsquared. http://www.netsquared.org/projects/sustainable- impact-mobile-microfinance-simm p
  • 14. Photo Credits Associated Press Brendan Bannon/CARE Phil Borges/CARE Josh Estey/CARE David Rochkind/CARE