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Mobile Networking
- 1. Submitted By Name:- Manjot Singh Sandhu Branch:- CSE N1 5 april 2012 Roll No.:- 115313
- 2. CONTENTS Why use How can indoor capacity be antennas? increased? How to avoid interference? What about the future? Why do we need so much spectrum? How to build a mobile network? 4. april 2012
- 3. Radio access networkevolution -The journey has just started 4. april 2012
- 4. The future containsfrequent Techno-strategic decisions 4. april 2012
- 5. Ericsson: In 3 years network traffic has increased by a factor of 10… …and revenue increased by 35%... 4. april 2012
- 6. Example of establishing a GSM radio network 4. april 2012
- 7. The base stations (BTS) are distributed to give RADIO COVERAGE En 4. april 2012
- 8. The base stations (BTS) are distributed to give RADIO COVERAGE – and Capacity En 4. april 2012
- 9. Increased traffic drivescost Network cost Challenge! Start-up cost Phase 1: Coverage Phase 2: Capacity limited network limited network Requested traffic Smaller spectrum Larger spectrum 4. april 2012
- 10. The challenge ofmobile broadband $ COST Revenue Traffic
- 11. With boosting datatraffic there is a need for more frequent network updates than before Network cost LTE HSPA+ HSPA Basic 3G = Resulting network cost Traffic load 4. april 2012
- 12. Limited spectrum drivescost! Example: Two operators with very different spectrum size •Country 1: 8,8MHz band ->44 channels – =>132 Erlang per base station – => 40 base stations needed to handle Area= 50km2 total traffic of 5190 Erlang Population= 1 M • Country 2: 4,4 MHz band -> 22 Subscribers= 346k 15 mErl/sub (*) channels Tot. traffic= 5190 Erl – =>29 Erlang per base station – => 179 base stations needed to handle total traffic of 5190 Erlang => Having only half of the spectrum can mean 4,5 times the cost. (*) Meaning that the average customer calls for 1,5% of the most busy hour of the day For illustration purpose only – the conclusions and calculations are simplified 4. april 2012
- 13. Getting more spectrumessential for meeting future service demand Frequency spectrum for mobile communication Digital Dividend 3G (UMTS2100) CDMA Mobile broadband GSM900 GSM1800 extension band 500 MHz 1000 MHz 1500 MHz 2000 MHz 2500 MHz 3000 MHz 4. april 2012
- 14. 3G in newfrequency bands - refarming (WCDMA = UMTS/HSPA = 3G) (HSPA) In-Building coverage area for suburban terrain 4. april 2012 (Source: Nokia Siemens Networks & Elisa)
- 15. Access to lowfrequency spectrum: -High impact on mobile broadband • Profitable coverage even outside the urban areas • Potential for saving 50-70% of site costs
- 16. Digital Dividend band:A desire and a curse: Too little of something good can be bad! 800 MHz 2600 MHz 11% 800 MHz: Very attractive for coverage, but how to avoid traffic congestion if 89% of all users only have coverage from the 800 MHz system? => A fair amount of low-frequency spectrum per operator is a prerequisite.
- 17. Network capacity ishard to predict Total Capacity 10 Mbit/s 7.5 Mbit/s 5 Mbit/s 2.5 Mbit/s 10 Mbit/s 1 Mbit/s 0.5 Mbit/s 5 Mbit/s 0.2 Mbit/s 2 Mbit/s 0.05Mbit/s 0.5 Mbit/s 4. april 2012
- 18. Growing need forindoor coverage systems • Urban building walls block 99% of the outdoor signal • Safe to re-use the same carriers indoors • Buildings with heavy data traffic: Use indoor antenna systems, WiFi or femtocells • Need fixed broadband lines to provide connection and offload mobile network
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- 20. -Is the pathtowards LTE evident? 4. april 2012
- 21. -or will weneed proper guidance? 4. april 2012
- 22. LTE is definedfor all relevant frequency bands Digital Dividend 3G (UMTS2100) CDMA Mobile WiMAX/ Fixed EDGE900 EDGE1800 Mob. 3G extension band WiMAX WiMAX 500 MHz 1000 MHz 1500 MHz 2000 MHz 2500 MHz 3000 MHz 3500 MHz LTE LTE LTE LTE LTE LTE LTEAdv. Low Frequency High Frequency Long range Short range 4. april 2012
- 23. Evolution in sitecapacity from GSM to LTE - Downlink, sum of voice and data Disclaimer: Values should be taken as indicative. Performance will vary greatly with deployed solution, surrounding environment, terminal penetration and size of frequency spectrum. HSPA assumes 14,4 Mbps version. HSPA+ assumes 64QAM feature, not MIMO or Dual Carrier. Source: CONTEST, Telenor.
- 24. Speed is notthe motivation… Lower production cost per bit Cost per Mbyte 3G HSPA HSPA+ LTE … 4. april 2012 Source: NSN
- 25. Competitive power -Determined by spectrum 10 2600 MHz 2600 20 800 MHz Fakecom LTE deployment strategy must be tuned to our relative ability to compete.
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- 27. Key take-aways • Convergence: Usage and interactions between mobile and fixed networks will continue to grow to ensure optimum service offerings • Cost curves: Mobile technologies are much less suited for flat-rate subscriptions than fixed broadband technologies • Hybrid networks: Operators need to utilize more than one mobile technology to secure cost-effective deployments • Mobile Broadband: Mobile networks keep offering higher data rates but within limited coverage range, especially indoor • Indoor coverage: Indoor mobile broadband users represent majority of the traffic and should to a larger extent be connected via indoor antenna solutions. • New spectrum: Mobile Broadband at low frequencies is a cost-effective solution for areas with lower population density, as long as a healthy traffic balance is maintained. 4. april 2012
- 28. LTE: Customers expect highperformance
- 29. …and they expectcoverage
- 30. Thank you for yourattention!
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- 32. Abbreviations BSC Base Station Controller IP Internet Protocol BSS Base Station Subsystem ISDN Integrated Services Digital Network BTS Base Transceiver Station ITU International Telecommunication Union CDMA Code Division Multiple Access IMT-2000 International Mobile Telecommunication CSD Circuit Switched Data MSC Mobile Switching Center CN Core Network PLMN Public Land Mobile Network D-AMPS Digital-Advanced Mobile Phone System PSK Phase Shift Keying (Modulation) EDGE Enhanced Data rates for GSM Evolution PSTN Public Switched Telephone Network E-GPRS Enhanced - GPRS RNC Radio Network Controller ERAN EDGE Radio Access Network SCP Service Control Point ETSIEuropean Telecommunications SGSN Serving GPRS Support Node Standards Institute TDD Time Division Duplex FDD Frequency Division Duplex TDMA Time Division Multiple Access FDD-DS Frequency Division Duplex – UMTS Universal Mobile Telecommunications Direct Spread System FDD-MC Frequency Division Duplex - MultiCarrier UTRAN UMTS Terestrial Radio Access Network GGSN Gateway GPRS Support Node VHE Virtual Home Environment GERAN GSM EDGE Radio Access Network VLR Visitor Location Register GMSK Gaussian Minimum Shift Keying VoIP Voice over Internet Protocol (Modulation) WAP Wireless Application Protocol GPRS General Packet Radio System W-CDMA Wideband -CDMA GSM Global System for Mobile 2G 2nd Generation (mobile network) communication (2,5G GPRS) HLR april 2012 4. Home Location Register 3G 3rd Generation (mobile network) HSCSD High Speed Circuit Switched Data 3GPP 3rd Generation Partnership
- 33. Sites, BTSs andcells… • A SITE is the physical location of which a base station is placed. Includes all equipment put up by the operator (mast, antennas,cabin, base station rack etc.) • A BTS is the base transceiver station, normally just called base station, i.e. the cabinet(s) containing the 1-3 cells belonging to a site. • A NodeB is the term used for BTS in UMTS • A CELL is each uniquely identified GSM or UMTS capacity source in a BTS or NodeB, defined by its own coverage footprint (or coverage cell) • A TRX is a single transmitter/receiver unit able to provide one single GSM frequency to the cell’s coverage footprint. Each cell has 1-12 TRXs depending on the capacity need. 4. april 2012
- 34. Typical user datarates LTE- Advanced 30 – 300 Mbit/s LTE 5 – 60 Mbit/s HSPA 1.0 – 5 Mbit/s 3G basic 150-350 kbit/s 100 kbps 1 Mbps 10 Mbps 100 Mbps
- 35. Target for thenetwork evolution: All IP broadband network
- 36. Basic network interfaces Fixed network Authentication Media Subscriber Core Gateway profiles Charging Service Platform Network Intelligent Network Core Packet Transport Switch Internet Base Gateway Statio Packet n Switch Contro Serving Transport Backhaul l Node Network Base station Radio / network domain Access Network user domain Marie Anne
- 37. Cost distribution inmobile networks Core & Backbone network Transport network Radio Access network BTS MSC BSC ISP internet connection BTS Hub Core Backbone network Access network m*E1 n*E1 E1 BTS MGW Backhaul CAPEX share for greenfield voice 30% 20% 50% CAPEX share for greenfield MBB 10% 45% 45% 4. april 2012
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