MOA & AOA
•Download as PPTX, PDF•
10 likes•7,965 views
The document summarizes the key differences between a Memorandum of Association (MOA) and Articles of Association (AOA). The MOA is the root document of a company that contains its basic details and defines its objectives and powers. It must be registered at incorporation. In contrast, the AOA contains the internal rules and regulations of a company and is subordinate to the MOA. It details the relationship between a company and its members.
Report
Share
Report
Share
Recommended
Types of companies
Easy understanding about different types of companies with Good chart though which the concepts can be more interesting one.
MOA and AOA
The document discusses the Memorandum of Association and Articles of Association for companies. It notes that the Memorandum of Association is the main document that defines a company's constitution, objects, and scope of activity. It must include clauses for the company's name, registered office, objectives, liability, and capital. The Articles of Association contain the rules and regulations governing a company's management and the relationship between the company and members. Together, the Memorandum and Articles form the contract between a company and its members.
Shares and its types
This document discusses different types of company shares. It defines a share and notes there are two main classes: preference shares and equity shares. Preference shares offer a fixed dividend rate and right to capital repayment before equity shares. Equity shares have voting rights but no fixed dividend. The document outlines various types of preference shares, including cumulative, participating, redeemable, and convertible varieties. It also describes employee shares and compares key characteristics of preference versus equity shares.
MOA AND AOA
The document discusses the key aspects of a Memorandum of Association (MOA) for a private company formed by Niraj and Seema Mishra in Mumbai to run a restaurant. It outlines their company name as Mishra Private Limited, registered office in Maharashtra, main objective as running restaurants, ancillary objectives like opening bank accounts and hiring vehicles, liability of members being limited, initial authorized capital of Rs. 20 lakhs with Niraj contributing Rs. 2 lakhs and Seema contributing Rs. 10,000. It provides a format for recording the initial subscribers.
Incorporation of Companies
The document discusses the key stages and processes involved in forming and operating a company in India according to the Companies Act of 1956. It covers the stages of promotion, incorporation, capital subscription, and commencement of business. It also discusses essential documents like the memorandum of association, articles of association, and prospectus. Other topics covered include types of company meetings, roles and powers of directors, and winding up processes like voluntary and compulsory liquidation.
Company law ppt
A company is a voluntary association of persons formed for the purpose of doing business, having a distinct name and limited liability. It can be incorporated under the Companies Act and enjoys separate legal entity status from its members. Some key features include limited liability for members, perpetual succession regardless of member changes, and the ability to own property, sue and be sued. While a company provides liability protection through its corporate veil, courts can pierce the veil and make individuals liable if the company is used for fraudulent purposes.
ARTICLES OF ASSOCIATION
The document discusses articles of association (AOA), which contain the internal rules and regulations of a company for the benefit of shareholders. AOA must be registered for certain types of companies and usually deal with matters like shareholder rights, board meetings, and resolutions. AOA can be altered by special resolution but cannot contradict the memorandum of association or companies act. The doctrine of indoor management protects outsiders dealing with companies by assuming they have constructive notice of AOA contents, with some exceptions. AOA are subordinate to the memorandum of association and govern internal company relations.
Companies act, 2013
The document provides an overview of key concepts related to companies under the Companies Act 2013 in India. It defines a company and its key characteristics such as separate legal entity, perpetual succession, and common seal. It outlines different types of companies and how they are formed, including requirements for the memorandum and articles of association. It also discusses prospectuses, shares and share capital, allotment of shares, members' rights and duties, types of company meetings, and winding up of companies.
Recommended
Types of companies
Easy understanding about different types of companies with Good chart though which the concepts can be more interesting one.
MOA and AOA
The document discusses the Memorandum of Association and Articles of Association for companies. It notes that the Memorandum of Association is the main document that defines a company's constitution, objects, and scope of activity. It must include clauses for the company's name, registered office, objectives, liability, and capital. The Articles of Association contain the rules and regulations governing a company's management and the relationship between the company and members. Together, the Memorandum and Articles form the contract between a company and its members.
Shares and its types
This document discusses different types of company shares. It defines a share and notes there are two main classes: preference shares and equity shares. Preference shares offer a fixed dividend rate and right to capital repayment before equity shares. Equity shares have voting rights but no fixed dividend. The document outlines various types of preference shares, including cumulative, participating, redeemable, and convertible varieties. It also describes employee shares and compares key characteristics of preference versus equity shares.
MOA AND AOA
The document discusses the key aspects of a Memorandum of Association (MOA) for a private company formed by Niraj and Seema Mishra in Mumbai to run a restaurant. It outlines their company name as Mishra Private Limited, registered office in Maharashtra, main objective as running restaurants, ancillary objectives like opening bank accounts and hiring vehicles, liability of members being limited, initial authorized capital of Rs. 20 lakhs with Niraj contributing Rs. 2 lakhs and Seema contributing Rs. 10,000. It provides a format for recording the initial subscribers.
Incorporation of Companies
The document discusses the key stages and processes involved in forming and operating a company in India according to the Companies Act of 1956. It covers the stages of promotion, incorporation, capital subscription, and commencement of business. It also discusses essential documents like the memorandum of association, articles of association, and prospectus. Other topics covered include types of company meetings, roles and powers of directors, and winding up processes like voluntary and compulsory liquidation.
Company law ppt
A company is a voluntary association of persons formed for the purpose of doing business, having a distinct name and limited liability. It can be incorporated under the Companies Act and enjoys separate legal entity status from its members. Some key features include limited liability for members, perpetual succession regardless of member changes, and the ability to own property, sue and be sued. While a company provides liability protection through its corporate veil, courts can pierce the veil and make individuals liable if the company is used for fraudulent purposes.
ARTICLES OF ASSOCIATION
The document discusses articles of association (AOA), which contain the internal rules and regulations of a company for the benefit of shareholders. AOA must be registered for certain types of companies and usually deal with matters like shareholder rights, board meetings, and resolutions. AOA can be altered by special resolution but cannot contradict the memorandum of association or companies act. The doctrine of indoor management protects outsiders dealing with companies by assuming they have constructive notice of AOA contents, with some exceptions. AOA are subordinate to the memorandum of association and govern internal company relations.
Companies act, 2013
The document provides an overview of key concepts related to companies under the Companies Act 2013 in India. It defines a company and its key characteristics such as separate legal entity, perpetual succession, and common seal. It outlines different types of companies and how they are formed, including requirements for the memorandum and articles of association. It also discusses prospectuses, shares and share capital, allotment of shares, members' rights and duties, types of company meetings, and winding up of companies.
Memorandum of association and articles of association
This document provides information on the Memorandum of Association and Articles of Association for forming a company in India. It discusses the key clauses in the Memorandum of Association, including the name, registered office, objects, liability, capital and association clauses. It also describes how these clauses can be altered. The document then explains the purpose and typical contents covered in the Articles of Association, including share-related matters, meetings, directors and borrowing powers. It concludes by comparing the Memorandum and Articles of Association.
Memorandum of association
The document discusses the Memorandum of Association (MOA), which is one of the three basic legal documents issued by a company along with the Articles of Association and Prospectus. The MOA is the constitution of a company that defines its limitations and powers. It must include clauses for the company name, registered office location, objectives, liability of members, amount of authorized capital, and signatures of initial subscribers. The MOA establishes the fundamental rules that the company must follow and ensures shareholders understand the company's permitted business activities. It is a crucial founding document required in the registration of any company.
Elements of company law
1. The document defines different types of companies under the Companies Act 1956 including private companies, public companies, government companies, and foreign companies. It outlines their key characteristics such as minimum members, directors, and restrictions.
2. The formation process of companies is explained beginning with incorporation where important documents like the memorandum of association and articles of association are filed. A certificate of incorporation is then issued.
3. Company meetings such as the statutory meeting, annual general meeting, and extraordinary general meeting are discussed. Provisions around notice, agenda, quorum and minutes are covered for validly conducting company meetings.
Company - Definition and explain the types of company as per income tax act 1...
This ppt includes Company - Definition and explain the types of company as per income tax act 1961
Classification of Company
This document presents a presentation on the classification of companies. It discusses various ways companies can be classified, including by formation (statutory, registered, chartered), liability (limited by shares, guarantee, unlimited), membership (private, public, one person), control (holding, subsidiary, government), place (foreign, Indian), and others (dormant, licensed, producer, illegal, associate). The key classifications discussed are private and public limited companies, with private limited having fewer members and transferability restrictions, while public limited must invite public investment and have no member limits. The document provides details on features of companies and examples and definitions of the different classifications.
Articles of association
This document discusses the legal environment of business in India, specifically focusing on articles of association. It defines articles of association as the regulations or bye-laws of a company that carry out its objectives as defined in the memorandum of association and manage internal affairs. Certain companies, like private limited companies, companies limited by guarantee, and unlimited companies must have their own articles. The articles outline various aspects of company administration and management, including share capital, shareholder rights, meetings, borrowing powers, and alteration or winding up of the company. While companies have wide powers to alter articles, the articles must be consistent with and subordinate to the memorandum of association.
Appointment and qualification of managerial personnel or key managerial perso...
Appointment and qualification of managerial personnel or key managerial perso...DVSResearchFoundatio
Specified class of companies are required to appoint managerial personnel (Managing Director, Whole time director, Manager, etc.) / key managerial personnel (KMP)(Managing Director / Chief Executive Officer, Chief Financial Officer, Company Secretary, etc.) The managerial personnel / KMPs are involved in the key decision making process of a company. The webinar covers the aspects of statutory provisions involved in the appointment and qualification of managerial personnel / KMPs, their roles and responsibilities, statutory compliances and judicial precedents.Memorandum of Association and Clauses
This ppt. includes brief about the Memorandum of Association (MOA) and Clauses of Regulatory Framework of Companies :-
1.Introduction, meaning and importance of MOA
2.Purpose of MOA and Contents
3 Clauses of MOA well defined and tuned
MEANING AND DEFINITION OF COMPANY, IT'S CHARACTERISTICS AND TYPES OF COMPANY
This slide share is of subject company law . In this you will learn about meaning and definition of company , types / kinds of company (private , public , holding , subsidiary , limited liability and unlimited liability company etc.) , and its characteristics.
Directors
The document discusses the roles and responsibilities of company directors under Indian law. It defines a director and outlines their legal position as agents of the company. There are different types of directors such as executive, outside, and independent directors. All directors must obtain a Director Identification Number. Directors can be appointed through various means and removed by shareholders, government, or courts. Their duties include attending meetings, not contracting without board consent, disclosing property transfers, and acting with good faith and without negligence.
Formation of companies
The document discusses the formation of companies, including the definition, stages, and required documents. It outlines the key stages of formation as promotion, name selection, incorporation by registering the Memorandum of Association and Articles of Association, and raising share capital. It also describes the key company documents - the Memorandum of Association, which defines the company objectives and rules, the Articles of Association, which outlines internal regulations, and the Prospectus, which provides details of share offerings.
Winding up of company.pptx
The document discusses various aspects of winding up companies in India. It begins by defining winding up and dissolution, and outlines the key differences. It then discusses reasons for winding up a company and the different modes of winding up, including compulsory winding up ordered by the court, and voluntary winding up by members or creditors. The roles and powers of liquidators and the court during the winding up process are also summarized.
Company Directors
A director leads or supervises an area of a company and, with other directors, determines company policy. To be a director, one must be an individual and may not be a body corporate. Directors have qualifications like holding company shares and duties like acting loyally and avoiding conflicts. They have powers like borrowing money and recommending dividends. Directors must meet regularly, maintain quorum, and participate in meetings.
Sale of goods Act, 1930
The document discusses the key aspects of a contract of sale under Indian law. It begins by defining a contract of sale and differentiating between a sale and an agreement to sell. It then covers the essential elements of a valid contract of sale, implied conditions and warranties, caveat emptor, and how the transfer of property occurs. Specifically, it examines how property is transferred for unascertained goods, specific goods, and goods sold on approval. The document provides a comprehensive overview of contract of sale with examples to illustrate important legal concepts.
Banking Regulation Act, 1949
The document summarizes key provisions of the Banking Regulation Act, 1949 in India. It outlines definitions of banking and banking companies. It discusses the overriding effect of the Act over memorandum, articles, agreements and resolutions of banking companies. It also covers restrictions on use of banking terms, prohibition on trading activities, limits on property holding, payment of brokerage/commission, restrictions on floating charges and dividend payments. Further, it discusses appointment of directors, reserve requirements, cash reserve maintenance, subsidiary business activities and regulatory powers of RBI over banking companies.
Indian Partnership Act 1932
The document provides an overview of key concepts in Indian partnership law under the Indian Partnership Act of 1932. It defines a partnership as an agreement between two or more persons to share profits from a business carried on by them. The main types of partnerships covered are partnership at will (indefinite term) and particular partnership (fixed term or venture). Rights and duties of partners as well as ways partnerships can be formed, dissolved, or partners can join/retire are also summarized. Key points include unlimited liability of partners, consent needed for new partners/dissolution, and various contingencies like death or insolvency that can dissolve a partnership.
Foreign exchange management act (FEMA), 1999
The FEMA (1999) or in short FEMA has been introduced as a replacement for earlier Foreign Exchange Regulation Act (FERA)
FEMA came into act on the 1st day of June,2000
49 sections in the Act.
Lifting of corporate veil
The document discusses the concept of lifting the corporate veil, where courts may ignore the legal separation between a company and its owners to prevent fraudulent or improper conduct. It provides examples of when courts may lift the veil under statutory provisions, such as for tax avoidance or when a company no longer meets minimum membership requirements. Courts may also lift the veil through judicial interpretation, such as to protect revenue, prevent fraud or solicitation in violation of contracts, or determine if a company has an "enemy character" and its owners are alien enemies. The document supports this with case law examples.
Banking Regulation Act 1949
The document summarizes the key aspects of the Banking Regulation Act of 1949 in India. It defines banking and banking companies. It outlines the main and subsidiary business activities banks can engage in, as well as prohibited activities. It discusses capital requirements for domestic and foreign banks. It also covers management structure requirements, liquidity reserves like SLR and CRR, licensing provisions, RBI powers of supervision and control, return filing obligations, winding up procedures, and reforms from the Narasimham committee.
Memorandum of association
The memorandum of association and articles of association are the two most important documents for a company. The memorandum of association acts as the company's charter and defines its scope and powers, including its name, registered office location, objectives, capital structure, and liability of its members. The articles of association contain the internal regulations that govern the administration and management of the company, such as rules on meetings, contracts, share transfers, accounts and audits, and winding up procedures. Both documents must be filed for a company to become incorporated.
Memorandum of association
This document presents the constitutional documents of a company, including the Memorandum of Association (MOA) and Articles of Association (AOA). The MOA introduces the company and defines its relationship with shareholders and objectives. It must be registered with SECP. The AOA regulates internal affairs like share transfers and meetings. It adopts Table A and can be altered by resolution. The MOA is the charter and supreme document, while the AOA provides internal rules and is subordinate to the MOA.
Presentation_on_Memorandum_or_Memo (1).pptx
This presentation discusses the key differences between a memorandum of association and articles of association for a company. A memorandum of association outlines the powers and objectives of a company and must be filed during registration. It cannot be changed easily. An articles of association defines the internal rules and responsibilities of a company's directors and shareholders. It is subordinate to the memorandum and can be more easily altered by shareholders. The presentation was given by MD. Shoreful Islam to Sheikh Ali Zulfikar of the Faculty of CBA Dept to explain the basic legal documents governing companies.
More Related Content
What's hot
Memorandum of association and articles of association
This document provides information on the Memorandum of Association and Articles of Association for forming a company in India. It discusses the key clauses in the Memorandum of Association, including the name, registered office, objects, liability, capital and association clauses. It also describes how these clauses can be altered. The document then explains the purpose and typical contents covered in the Articles of Association, including share-related matters, meetings, directors and borrowing powers. It concludes by comparing the Memorandum and Articles of Association.
Memorandum of association
The document discusses the Memorandum of Association (MOA), which is one of the three basic legal documents issued by a company along with the Articles of Association and Prospectus. The MOA is the constitution of a company that defines its limitations and powers. It must include clauses for the company name, registered office location, objectives, liability of members, amount of authorized capital, and signatures of initial subscribers. The MOA establishes the fundamental rules that the company must follow and ensures shareholders understand the company's permitted business activities. It is a crucial founding document required in the registration of any company.
Elements of company law
1. The document defines different types of companies under the Companies Act 1956 including private companies, public companies, government companies, and foreign companies. It outlines their key characteristics such as minimum members, directors, and restrictions.
2. The formation process of companies is explained beginning with incorporation where important documents like the memorandum of association and articles of association are filed. A certificate of incorporation is then issued.
3. Company meetings such as the statutory meeting, annual general meeting, and extraordinary general meeting are discussed. Provisions around notice, agenda, quorum and minutes are covered for validly conducting company meetings.
Company - Definition and explain the types of company as per income tax act 1...
This ppt includes Company - Definition and explain the types of company as per income tax act 1961
Classification of Company
This document presents a presentation on the classification of companies. It discusses various ways companies can be classified, including by formation (statutory, registered, chartered), liability (limited by shares, guarantee, unlimited), membership (private, public, one person), control (holding, subsidiary, government), place (foreign, Indian), and others (dormant, licensed, producer, illegal, associate). The key classifications discussed are private and public limited companies, with private limited having fewer members and transferability restrictions, while public limited must invite public investment and have no member limits. The document provides details on features of companies and examples and definitions of the different classifications.
Articles of association
This document discusses the legal environment of business in India, specifically focusing on articles of association. It defines articles of association as the regulations or bye-laws of a company that carry out its objectives as defined in the memorandum of association and manage internal affairs. Certain companies, like private limited companies, companies limited by guarantee, and unlimited companies must have their own articles. The articles outline various aspects of company administration and management, including share capital, shareholder rights, meetings, borrowing powers, and alteration or winding up of the company. While companies have wide powers to alter articles, the articles must be consistent with and subordinate to the memorandum of association.
Appointment and qualification of managerial personnel or key managerial perso...
Appointment and qualification of managerial personnel or key managerial perso...DVSResearchFoundatio
Specified class of companies are required to appoint managerial personnel (Managing Director, Whole time director, Manager, etc.) / key managerial personnel (KMP)(Managing Director / Chief Executive Officer, Chief Financial Officer, Company Secretary, etc.) The managerial personnel / KMPs are involved in the key decision making process of a company. The webinar covers the aspects of statutory provisions involved in the appointment and qualification of managerial personnel / KMPs, their roles and responsibilities, statutory compliances and judicial precedents.Memorandum of Association and Clauses
This ppt. includes brief about the Memorandum of Association (MOA) and Clauses of Regulatory Framework of Companies :-
1.Introduction, meaning and importance of MOA
2.Purpose of MOA and Contents
3 Clauses of MOA well defined and tuned
MEANING AND DEFINITION OF COMPANY, IT'S CHARACTERISTICS AND TYPES OF COMPANY
This slide share is of subject company law . In this you will learn about meaning and definition of company , types / kinds of company (private , public , holding , subsidiary , limited liability and unlimited liability company etc.) , and its characteristics.
Directors
The document discusses the roles and responsibilities of company directors under Indian law. It defines a director and outlines their legal position as agents of the company. There are different types of directors such as executive, outside, and independent directors. All directors must obtain a Director Identification Number. Directors can be appointed through various means and removed by shareholders, government, or courts. Their duties include attending meetings, not contracting without board consent, disclosing property transfers, and acting with good faith and without negligence.
Formation of companies
The document discusses the formation of companies, including the definition, stages, and required documents. It outlines the key stages of formation as promotion, name selection, incorporation by registering the Memorandum of Association and Articles of Association, and raising share capital. It also describes the key company documents - the Memorandum of Association, which defines the company objectives and rules, the Articles of Association, which outlines internal regulations, and the Prospectus, which provides details of share offerings.
Winding up of company.pptx
The document discusses various aspects of winding up companies in India. It begins by defining winding up and dissolution, and outlines the key differences. It then discusses reasons for winding up a company and the different modes of winding up, including compulsory winding up ordered by the court, and voluntary winding up by members or creditors. The roles and powers of liquidators and the court during the winding up process are also summarized.
Company Directors
A director leads or supervises an area of a company and, with other directors, determines company policy. To be a director, one must be an individual and may not be a body corporate. Directors have qualifications like holding company shares and duties like acting loyally and avoiding conflicts. They have powers like borrowing money and recommending dividends. Directors must meet regularly, maintain quorum, and participate in meetings.
Sale of goods Act, 1930
The document discusses the key aspects of a contract of sale under Indian law. It begins by defining a contract of sale and differentiating between a sale and an agreement to sell. It then covers the essential elements of a valid contract of sale, implied conditions and warranties, caveat emptor, and how the transfer of property occurs. Specifically, it examines how property is transferred for unascertained goods, specific goods, and goods sold on approval. The document provides a comprehensive overview of contract of sale with examples to illustrate important legal concepts.
Banking Regulation Act, 1949
The document summarizes key provisions of the Banking Regulation Act, 1949 in India. It outlines definitions of banking and banking companies. It discusses the overriding effect of the Act over memorandum, articles, agreements and resolutions of banking companies. It also covers restrictions on use of banking terms, prohibition on trading activities, limits on property holding, payment of brokerage/commission, restrictions on floating charges and dividend payments. Further, it discusses appointment of directors, reserve requirements, cash reserve maintenance, subsidiary business activities and regulatory powers of RBI over banking companies.
Indian Partnership Act 1932
The document provides an overview of key concepts in Indian partnership law under the Indian Partnership Act of 1932. It defines a partnership as an agreement between two or more persons to share profits from a business carried on by them. The main types of partnerships covered are partnership at will (indefinite term) and particular partnership (fixed term or venture). Rights and duties of partners as well as ways partnerships can be formed, dissolved, or partners can join/retire are also summarized. Key points include unlimited liability of partners, consent needed for new partners/dissolution, and various contingencies like death or insolvency that can dissolve a partnership.
Foreign exchange management act (FEMA), 1999
The FEMA (1999) or in short FEMA has been introduced as a replacement for earlier Foreign Exchange Regulation Act (FERA)
FEMA came into act on the 1st day of June,2000
49 sections in the Act.
Lifting of corporate veil
The document discusses the concept of lifting the corporate veil, where courts may ignore the legal separation between a company and its owners to prevent fraudulent or improper conduct. It provides examples of when courts may lift the veil under statutory provisions, such as for tax avoidance or when a company no longer meets minimum membership requirements. Courts may also lift the veil through judicial interpretation, such as to protect revenue, prevent fraud or solicitation in violation of contracts, or determine if a company has an "enemy character" and its owners are alien enemies. The document supports this with case law examples.
Banking Regulation Act 1949
The document summarizes the key aspects of the Banking Regulation Act of 1949 in India. It defines banking and banking companies. It outlines the main and subsidiary business activities banks can engage in, as well as prohibited activities. It discusses capital requirements for domestic and foreign banks. It also covers management structure requirements, liquidity reserves like SLR and CRR, licensing provisions, RBI powers of supervision and control, return filing obligations, winding up procedures, and reforms from the Narasimham committee.
Memorandum of association
The memorandum of association and articles of association are the two most important documents for a company. The memorandum of association acts as the company's charter and defines its scope and powers, including its name, registered office location, objectives, capital structure, and liability of its members. The articles of association contain the internal regulations that govern the administration and management of the company, such as rules on meetings, contracts, share transfers, accounts and audits, and winding up procedures. Both documents must be filed for a company to become incorporated.
What's hot (20)
Memorandum of association and articles of association
Memorandum of association and articles of association
Company - Definition and explain the types of company as per income tax act 1...
Company - Definition and explain the types of company as per income tax act 1...
Appointment and qualification of managerial personnel or key managerial perso...
Appointment and qualification of managerial personnel or key managerial perso...
MEANING AND DEFINITION OF COMPANY, IT'S CHARACTERISTICS AND TYPES OF COMPANY
MEANING AND DEFINITION OF COMPANY, IT'S CHARACTERISTICS AND TYPES OF COMPANY
Similar to MOA & AOA
Memorandum of association
This document presents the constitutional documents of a company, including the Memorandum of Association (MOA) and Articles of Association (AOA). The MOA introduces the company and defines its relationship with shareholders and objectives. It must be registered with SECP. The AOA regulates internal affairs like share transfers and meetings. It adopts Table A and can be altered by resolution. The MOA is the charter and supreme document, while the AOA provides internal rules and is subordinate to the MOA.
Presentation_on_Memorandum_or_Memo (1).pptx
This presentation discusses the key differences between a memorandum of association and articles of association for a company. A memorandum of association outlines the powers and objectives of a company and must be filed during registration. It cannot be changed easily. An articles of association defines the internal rules and responsibilities of a company's directors and shareholders. It is subordinate to the memorandum and can be more easily altered by shareholders. The presentation was given by MD. Shoreful Islam to Sheikh Ali Zulfikar of the Faculty of CBA Dept to explain the basic legal documents governing companies.
Business Law ppt
The document discusses the formation and registration process for companies under the Companies Act. It defines what constitutes a company and outlines the key stages in forming one: promotion, name selection, incorporation/registration, and share capital raising. It also covers new concepts introduced in the Companies Act 2013 like one person companies and changes to incorporation requirements. The core documents for a company are the Memorandum of Association, which establishes the company's constitution, and Articles of Association, which contains internal regulations.
Duha PPTX.pptx
The document compares and contrasts memorandums of association and articles of association. Memorandums determine a company's scope and relationship with outsiders, while articles manage internal affairs. Memorandums must be submitted for company registration and cannot be altered easily, while articles can be changed at any time. Memorandums are the principal document and cannot contradict a company's ordinance, while articles are subordinate to memorandums. Prospectuses must contain the key details from a company's memorandum such as objectives, management names, and subscription timing and rights.
Chapter 5 - Articles of Association.ppt
The document discusses articles of association (AOA), which contain rules relating to the internal management of a company for the benefit of shareholders. AOA must be printed, divided into paragraphs, signed by memorandum signatories in the presence of a witness, and cannot contain anything unlawful, against public policy, or beyond the memorandum. AOA typically deal with share rights, capital alterations, director powers, voting, dividends, seals, meetings, resolutions, arbitration, and winding up. AOA can be altered by special resolution but must not increase member liability without consent or be inconsistent with the memorandum or law. While people dealing with a company need not ensure internal compliance, exceptions exist for known irregularities, suspicion, forgery, or ultra
Mo a vs aoa
The document compares the memorandum of association and articles of association for a company. The memorandum of association contains the fundamental information required for company incorporation, including its powers and objectives. It is subordinate to the Companies Act. In contrast, the articles of association contain the rules and regulations governing the company's internal operations. It is subordinate to the memorandum of association. While the memorandum cannot be amended retrospectively, the articles can be. Alteration of the memorandum requires a special resolution and government approval, whereas the articles can be altered by special resolution of shareholders.
w4.pptx
The document discusses the constitution of a company under the Companies Act 2016 of Malaysia. It makes several key points:
1) A company's constitution sets out the basic rules and regulations that govern the company's internal management and the rights and obligations of the company, its directors, and members.
2) For companies limited by shares, having a constitution is optional, whereas companies limited by guarantee must have a constitution.
3) The constitution is a binding contract between the company and its members. It allows members to take action against the company or other members for breaches, but outsiders cannot enforce it.
4) For companies that choose to include one, the objects clause restricts a company's activities
Memorandum of association / primary document for incorporation ppt
The memorandum of association (MOA) is the primary document required to incorporate a company. It defines the company's relationship with shareholders and must be filed with the registrar during incorporation. The MOA outlines the company's name, objectives, capital structure, and liability. It establishes the scope of the company's operations and protects shareholders by limiting activities to those specified.
Ppt unit 3 18th sep
This document provides an overview of the memorandum of association for companies in India. It discusses that the memorandum of association is one of the key documents filed during company incorporation and defines the scope and powers of a company. It outlines the various clauses that must be included in the memorandum of association such as the company name, registered office, objects, liability, and capital. It also discusses how the memorandum of association can be altered through special resolutions for changes like the company name, registered office, objects, and capital structure. The purpose of the memorandum is to define the limits of a company's operations and make them known to shareholders and external parties.
1.4 LAB.pptx
The document provides an overview of legal aspects related to business in India including contract law, sale of goods act, negotiable instruments act, companies act, consumer protection act, intellectual property rights act, and information technology act. It then focuses on company law covering topics like formation of a company, memorandum and articles of association, prospectus, types of companies, directors, and winding up of a company. Key aspects around each topic like definition, content, alteration, liability are discussed at a high level.
Memorendom of association
A Memorandum of Association (MOA) is a legal document prepared during the formation of a limited liability company that defines the company's relationship with shareholders. It includes clauses for the company name, registered office location, objectives, shareholders' liability, authorized capital, and association of shareholders. The MOA establishes requirements like stating the company name and objectives, showing the registered office location, outlining shareholders' limited liability, and listing authorized capital and signatures of associating members.
REQUIRED1. REGISTER A PROPRIETARY Ltd COMPANY(Check the att.docx
REQUIRED:
1. REGISTER A PROPRIETARY Ltd COMPANY
(Check the attached Form 201)
Make a Constitution
2. THE INTERNAL MANAGEMENT OF THE COMPANY IS TO BE GOVERNED BY A COMBINATION OF REPLACEABLE RULES AND A CONSTITUTION - NB SECTIONS 134 AND 135
3. THE COMPANY IS TO HAVE A CLASS OF ORDINARY SHARES AND A CLASS OF REDEEMABLE PREFERENCE SHARES NB SECTIONS 254A (2 )AND (3)
Running head: CORPORATION ACT 2011 1
CORPORATION ACT 2011 5
Corporation Act 2011
Student name
Course
Corporation Act 2011
Part 2
(1) Section 198A
This section deals with the powers of the director of the any firm and the negotiable tool that can be used by a director. This part describes what the role of the director is to any organization and his or her limitation in the organization. In any case, each firm whether a proprietor or a corporation must have a director who assumes the responsibility of managing the firm. This has been included in the act due to the emergence of a myriad of many firms under whom no face would be reached (CCH Australia Limited, 2011). Such organization would be registered by people who do not have valid identification making it easier for them to commit a fraud and go unpunished. The insistent on having a direct at the firm has come to cure poor management in the firm where the proprietors of several firms would not take responsibility for the operational compliance of their firm to the various legislations. In addition, this has been consolidated into the Corporation Act 2001 as a way of consolidating the various laws governing the operations of the firms for an easier and quicker emphasis on the roles of the firm directors (Commonwealth Consolidated Acts, 2016).
(2) Section 191
This section deals with conflict of interest in the operations of the firms. Director may have personal material interest in some of the activities of the firm that may affect the operations of the firm and case an ethics violation, which may hurt the firm in many ways (Commonwealth Consolidated Acts, 2016). The section places a responsibility on the director to make it discloser to other directors of any personal interests that may cause conflicts of interest. The section goes ahead to give some of the condition under which the director is not required to make a disclosure of the conflict of interest such as areas that the conflict may arise because of director remuneration or in any deal with the firm is not obligated to have responsibility. This section comes in handy to deal with the various issues of conflict of interest in the previous occasion that would lead firms to fail. Directors would guide business into areas where they have their own personal interest and have conflict of interest when dealing with business either related to them or they have special intere ...
Company
The document discusses the definition and types of companies under Indian law. It defines a company as an artificial person with separate legal identity regulated by the Companies Act. Companies are classified as private limited or public limited, with minimum requirements for each type outlined. The key steps for incorporating a new company in India are also summarized, including registering with various regulatory authorities and filing required forms and documents.
documents of a company
This document defines key legal documents for companies: the memorandum of association (MOA), articles of association (AOA), and prospectus. The MOA establishes the company's limitations and defines its name, location, objectives, liability, and capital. The AOA, along with the MOA, serves as the company's constitution, governing its internal affairs. It details share capital, shareholder rights, director appointments and more. A prospectus informs the public about a company's investments, management, finances, and other details. When a prospectus is not issued, a statement in lieu of prospectus provides similar registration information.
Memorandum of association
The memorandum of association (MOA) is the primary legal document that establishes a company and defines its relationship with shareholders. It specifies the company's name, registered office location, objectives, liability of members, authorized share capital, and subscription of shares by initial members. The MOA establishes the basic framework and boundary within which a company can operate. It is a fundamental part of a company's constitution that provides transparency about its formation and objectives.
Company law 2013
The document discusses the key aspects of forming a company under the Companies Act 2013 in India. It defines what constitutes a company and outlines the differences between a private and public company. It explains the process for reserving a company name, drafting the memorandum of association which outlines the company's objectives and liabilities, and registering the company with the registrar along with required forms and documents. Specific provisions for a one person company with a single member/director are also covered.
Companies act of 1956 final
The Companies Act of 1956 was introduced to regulate companies in India as the previous 1913 Act was seen as inadequate. It has since been amended several times, with the 1988 amendments being a major update based on recommendations of the Sachar Committee. The Act defines a company and sets out provisions around incorporation, memorandum of association, articles of association, types of companies, and prospectuses. It remains the primary law governing companies in India.
Exposure Draft SECRETARIAL STANDARD ON REPORT OF THE BOARD OF DIRECTORS
The document outlines requirements for the Report of the Board of Directors according to the Secretarial Standard issued by the Institute of Company Secretaries of India. It provides definitions for key terms and outlines mandatory and additional disclosures required in the report by various laws. The report is an important means of communication between the board and stakeholders regarding the company's performance, prospects, management quality, and other relevant information for the financial year. Companies must prepare the report according to the principles in this standard and applicable laws.
CLSP - Unit 8 - Secretarial Practices
It is a presentation on basic introduction to the subject of CLSP - Secretarial Practices. This is published only for education and information purpose.
Companies act
1. A company is an artificial legal entity created under law with an independent existence separate from its owners. It allows for limited liability and perpetual succession.
2. The key documents required to form a company are the Memorandum of Association, which outlines the company's name, objectives, capital structure, and limitations of liability, and the Articles of Association, which contains the internal rules and regulations of the company.
3. Companies are classified based on ownership and control, number of members, liability, and incorporation. The key doctrines governing companies include the corporate veil, ultra vires, constructive notice, and indoor management.
Similar to MOA & AOA (20)
Memorandum of association / primary document for incorporation ppt
Memorandum of association / primary document for incorporation ppt
REQUIRED1. REGISTER A PROPRIETARY Ltd COMPANY(Check the att.docx
REQUIRED1. REGISTER A PROPRIETARY Ltd COMPANY(Check the att.docx
Exposure Draft SECRETARIAL STANDARD ON REPORT OF THE BOARD OF DIRECTORS
Exposure Draft SECRETARIAL STANDARD ON REPORT OF THE BOARD OF DIRECTORS
More from Tuhin Parves
Supply chain management Process of PRAN-RFL
This document provides an overview of PRAN-RFL Group, a leading food and beverage conglomerate in Bangladesh. It discusses:
1) PRAN's founding in 1981 with the objective of producing agro products like juice, dairy, and ghee. RFL started in 1980 producing cast iron products.
2) PRAN has become one of the largest food brands in Bangladesh, with over 200 food products across 10 categories and exports to 138 countries. It employs over 40,000 people.
3) RFL is the market leader in cast iron, PVC, and plastic products in Bangladesh and exports abroad. It employs 12,000 people.
Process Strategy
This presentation discusses different process strategies including process-focused, repetitive-focused, and product-focused strategies. It provides examples of each strategy and compares their advantages and disadvantages. A process-focused strategy uses general purpose equipment for low volume, high variety products. Repetitive-focused strategies organize facilities by modules for high volume standardized products. Product-focused strategies use specialized equipment for high volume, low variety production. Mass customization blurs the distinctions by enabling high volume, high variety production. The presentation also discusses production technologies, process redesign, and environmentally friendly processes.
Opportunity cost
This document discusses the concept of opportunity cost. Opportunity cost refers to the cost of a decision in terms of the best alternative that is given up to achieve that decision. It is the best alternative that is forgone when making a choice due to scarce resources. The document notes that people must make choices everyday because of limited resources and many wants, which means deciding which wants will be satisfied and which will not. For every decision made, there is an opportunity cost.
Civil Law
Civil law is the body of laws that govern private and non-criminal legal matters. It is a codified system based on Roman law with detailed codes organizing the laws. More than 80 countries operate under a civil law system including Germany, France, Japan, and Russia. Judges in a civil law system have less flexibility than common law as they must rely on and apply the existing legal codes rather than interpret laws or precedents.
“Usability Analysis of Bangladeshi E-commerce Websites in perception of propo...
This document contains a student's research paper on analyzing the usability of Bangladeshi e-commerce websites. The paper includes an introduction outlining the objectives and importance of e-commerce website usability. It also provides a literature review on previous related research. The methodology section describes using an online survey tool to evaluate the usability of six popular Bangladeshi e-commerce sites based on criteria like ease of use, functionality, and satisfaction.
Recruitment & Selection
The document discusses the processes of recruitment and selection. Recruitment involves finding and attracting qualified applicants to fill vacant positions through internal and external sources using informal and formal methods. Selection is the process of choosing the best candidate by screening applications, conducting tests and interviews, checking references, and making a hiring decision. Key differences are that recruitment aims to create a pool of candidates while selection chooses the most appropriate person from qualified applicants.
Usability analysis of bangladeshi e commerce websites in perception of propos...
“Usability Analysis of Bangladeshi E-commerce Websites in the perception of proposed usability analysis framework.”
Two Statements/Economics
This document discusses the differences between positive and normative economics. Positive economics takes an objective, descriptive approach focused on analyzing cause-and-effect relationships between economic variables. Normative economics takes a prescriptive, subjective approach based on values and judgments to examine what outcomes ought to be from an ethical perspective. While positive economics describes what is, normative economics aims to provide solutions based on subjective values. The two approaches are complementary rather than contradictory and both have important roles to play.
Factors that are essential to make Bangladeshi commercial movie successful
This document discusses the marketing strategy and performance of a movie. It provides details on activities like trailers, press junkets, posters, billboards, live conferences, and online marketing. It notes the movie received an IMDB rating of 8.8/10 and grossed 15 crores against a budget of 5 crores. Major findings indicate people are interested in cinema halls and films can appeal broadly if they are good and have the right strategy. Recommendations include using niche social networks like Vine and Pinterest, creating a visually compelling sub-site, and focusing on more creative marketing.
Effectiveness of E-Learning for Business Students
Effectiveness of E-Learning for Business Students: A Study on Army Institute of Business Administration, Savar.
Salvage value
The document defines and provides an example of salvage value. Salvage value is the estimated resale value of an asset at the end of its useful life, such as when a company sells a delivery car for $1,500 after 5 years of use. Salvage value is not discounted to present value and is also sometimes called scrap value. The document uses the example of a company purchasing a delivery car for $10,000 that is resold for $1,500 after 5 years of use to illustrate how salvage value applies.
Leverage
Leverage provides a framework for financing decisions and measures the effectiveness of a firm's use of debt. Operating leverage is the increased volatility in operating income caused by fixed operating costs. It can be increased by investing in fixed assets that reduce variable costs. This magnifies profits but also losses. Financial leverage is the effect on taxable income from changes in operating profit due to interest expenses. Combined leverage multiplies the effects of operating and financial leverage and measures a firm's overall financial strength.
Body Language is a crucial matter in business organization
Body language is a form of non-verbal communication through physical behaviors like facial expressions and gestures that can express thoughts, intentions, and feelings. It is an important form of communication because people remember visual cues like body language more than what they hear, and in business it is important to be able to demonstrate your message through both words and physical presence. The document provides an introduction to the topic of body language, why it is important in communication and persuasion, and a brief caution about its use.
Compound Interest and Geometric Progression
The document discusses compound interest and geometric progressions. It provides background on compound interest, including its history and how it is calculated. Formulas are presented for compound interest calculated annually and continuously. Examples are provided to demonstrate how to use the formulas. The effects of compound interest over long periods of time are described. Geometric sequences and progressions are defined and formulas are given for calculating terms and sums. Several examples show how to apply the formulas to geometric sequences. Uses of compound interest for businesses and ensuring pension payments are also mentioned.
Compound Interest and Geometric Progression
This presentation introduces compound interest and geometric progressions. It defines compound interest as interest on interest and discusses how it is used to maximize returns. The compound interest and continuous compound interest formulas are presented along with examples of how to use them. The effects, uses, advantages and disadvantages of compound interest are described. Geometric sequences are also defined using the common ratio and formulas are provided to find terms and sums. Examples are given to demonstrate the concepts. Business uses of compound interest in areas like mortgages, loans and equipment financing are briefly mentioned before concluding with a thank you.
Major Theories Of Leadership
What is Leadership?
Leadership is the way to motivate people towards achieving definite goals of an organization.
Theories Of Leadership
Leadership theories can be defined in many ways but we will be discussing about the following leadership theories.
1. Trait Theory of Leadership
2. Situational/Contingency Theory of Leadership
3. Behavioral Thoery of Leadership
4. Path Goal Theory
5. Charismatic Leadership Theory
6. Transformational Theory
History of Pi
1) The document discusses the history of pi and its calculation over time. It notes that the mathematician Al-Khwarizmi lived in Baghdad and contributed to the development of algebra and algorithms.
2) Several mathematicians such as Ptolemy, Zu Chongzhi, and Al-Khwarizmi made increasingly precise calculations of pi over centuries, with later mathematicians such as Al-Kashi and Roomen calculating pi to more decimal places.
3) The document also provides formulas for calculating the volume and surface area of basic geometric shapes like cylinders, cones, and spheres.
The role of computer in modern business
This document provides an analysis of the role of computers in modern business. It begins with an introduction and objectives. It then reviews relevant literature on how computers have evolved to play central roles in modern offices and businesses. The methodology section outlines how data was collected from external sources, eliminated and selected, and then analyzed. It concludes with findings that computers are now essential parts of modern businesses, allowing easier communication, data storage, and analysis to help with business decisions. Computers help businesses connect globally and reduce paper costs.
More from Tuhin Parves (18)
“Usability Analysis of Bangladeshi E-commerce Websites in perception of propo...
“Usability Analysis of Bangladeshi E-commerce Websites in perception of propo...
Usability analysis of bangladeshi e commerce websites in perception of propos...
Usability analysis of bangladeshi e commerce websites in perception of propos...
Factors that are essential to make Bangladeshi commercial movie successful
Factors that are essential to make Bangladeshi commercial movie successful
Body Language is a crucial matter in business organization
Body Language is a crucial matter in business organization
Recently uploaded
在线办理(SU毕业证书)美国雪城大学毕业证成绩单一模一样
学校原件一模一样【微信：741003700 】《(SU毕业证书)美国雪城大学毕业证成绩单》【微信：741003700 】学位证，留信认证（真实可查，永久存档）原件一模一样纸张工艺/offer、雅思、外壳等材料/诚信可靠,可直接看成品样本，帮您解决无法毕业带来的各种难题！外壳，原版制作，诚信可靠，可直接看成品样本。行业标杆！精益求精，诚心合作，真诚制作！多年品质 ,按需精细制作，24小时接单,全套进口原装设备。十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题，包您满意。
本公司拥有海外各大学样板无数，能完美还原。
1:1完美还原海外各大学毕业材料上的工艺：水印，阴影底纹，钢印LOGO烫金烫银，LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠。文字图案浮雕、激光镭射、紫外荧光、温感、复印防伪等防伪工艺。材料咨询办理、认证咨询办理请加学历顾问Q/微741003700
【主营项目】
一.毕业证【q微741003700】成绩单、使馆认证、教育部认证、雅思托福成绩单、学生卡等！
二.真实使馆公证(即留学回国人员证明,不成功不收费)
三.真实教育部学历学位认证（教育部存档！教育部留服网站永久可查）
四.办理各国各大学文凭(一对一专业服务,可全程监控跟踪进度)
如果您处于以下几种情况：
◇在校期间，因各种原因未能顺利毕业……拿不到官方毕业证【q/微741003700】
◇面对父母的压力，希望尽快拿到；
◇不清楚认证流程以及材料该如何准备；
◇回国时间很长，忘记办理；
◇回国马上就要找工作，办给用人单位看；
◇企事业单位必须要求办理的
◇需要报考公务员、购买免税车、落转户口
◇申请留学生创业基金
留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
The Work Permit for Self-Employed Persons in Italy
Learn more on how to obtain the work permit for self-employed persons in Italy at https://immigration-italy.com/selfemployment-work-permit-in-italy/.
Business Laws Sunita saha
Business law for the students of undergraduate level. The presentation contains the summary of all the chapters under the syllabus of State University, Contract Act, Sale of Goods Act, Negotiable Instrument Act, Partnership Act, Limited Liability Act, Consumer Protection Act.
Lifting the Corporate Veil. Power Point Presentation
"Lifting the Corporate Veil" is a legal concept that refers to the judicial act of disregarding the separate legal personality of a corporation or limited liability company (LLC). Normally, a corporation is considered a legal entity separate from its shareholders or members, meaning that the personal assets of shareholders or members are protected from the liabilities of the corporation. However, there are certain situations where courts may decide to "pierce" or "lift" the corporate veil, holding shareholders or members personally liable for the debts or actions of the corporation.
Here are some common scenarios in which courts might lift the corporate veil:
Fraud or Illegality: If shareholders or members use the corporate structure to perpetrate fraud, evade legal obligations, or engage in illegal activities, courts may disregard the corporate entity and hold those individuals personally liable.
Undercapitalization: If a corporation is formed with insufficient capital to conduct its intended business and meet its foreseeable liabilities, and this lack of capitalization results in harm to creditors or other parties, courts may lift the corporate veil to hold shareholders or members liable.
Failure to Observe Corporate Formalities: Corporations and LLCs are required to observe certain formalities, such as holding regular meetings, maintaining separate financial records, and avoiding commingling of personal and corporate assets. If these formalities are not observed and the corporate structure is used as a mere façade, courts may disregard the corporate entity.
Alter Ego: If there is such a unity of interest and ownership between the corporation and its shareholders or members that the separate personalities of the corporation and the individuals no longer exist, courts may treat the corporation as the alter ego of its owners and hold them personally liable.
Group Enterprises: In some cases, where multiple corporations are closely related or form part of a single economic unit, courts may pierce the corporate veil to achieve equity, particularly if one corporation's actions harm creditors or other stakeholders and the corporate structure is being used to shield culpable parties from liability.
Genocide in International Criminal Law.pptx
Excited to share insights from my recent presentation on genocide! 💡 In light of ongoing debates, it's crucial to delve into the nuances of this grave crime.
The Art and Science of Cryptoforensic Investigation: Best Practices and Tools
The Art and Science of Cryptoforensic Investigation: Best Practices and Tools
San Remo Manual on International Law Applicable to Armed Conflict at Sea
Presentation by Justin Ordoyo
University of the Philippines College of Law
Incometax Compliance_PF_ ESI- June 2024
This document briefly explains the June compliance calendar 2024 with income tax returns, PF, ESI, and important due dates, forms to be filled out, periods, and who should file them?.
Synopsis On Annual General Meeting/Extra Ordinary General Meeting With Ordina...
Synopsis On Annual General Meeting/Extra Ordinary General Meeting With Ordina...Syed Muhammad Humza Hussain
Synopsis On Annual General Meeting/Extra Ordinary General Meeting With Ordinary And Special Businesses And Ordinary And Special Resolutions with Companies (Postal Ballot) Regulations, 2018Search Warrants for NH Law Enforcement Officers
Training aid for law enforcement officers related to search warrants, the requirements needed, drafting, and execution of the search warrant.
From Promise to Practice. Implementing AI in Legal Environments
Pim Betist's presentation about generative AI in the legal sector at Lexpo.com '24
原版制作(PSU毕业证书)宾州州立大学公园分校毕业证学历证书一模一样
学校原件一模一样【微信：741003700 】《(PSU毕业证书)宾州州立大学公园分校毕业证学历证书》【微信：741003700 】学位证，留信认证（真实可查，永久存档）原件一模一样纸张工艺/offer、雅思、外壳等材料/诚信可靠,可直接看成品样本，帮您解决无法毕业带来的各种难题！外壳，原版制作，诚信可靠，可直接看成品样本。行业标杆！精益求精，诚心合作，真诚制作！多年品质 ,按需精细制作，24小时接单,全套进口原装设备。十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题，包您满意。
本公司拥有海外各大学样板无数，能完美还原。
1:1完美还原海外各大学毕业材料上的工艺：水印，阴影底纹，钢印LOGO烫金烫银，LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠。文字图案浮雕、激光镭射、紫外荧光、温感、复印防伪等防伪工艺。材料咨询办理、认证咨询办理请加学历顾问Q/微741003700
【主营项目】
一.毕业证【q微741003700】成绩单、使馆认证、教育部认证、雅思托福成绩单、学生卡等！
二.真实使馆公证(即留学回国人员证明,不成功不收费)
三.真实教育部学历学位认证（教育部存档！教育部留服网站永久可查）
四.办理各国各大学文凭(一对一专业服务,可全程监控跟踪进度)
如果您处于以下几种情况：
◇在校期间，因各种原因未能顺利毕业……拿不到官方毕业证【q/微741003700】
◇面对父母的压力，希望尽快拿到；
◇不清楚认证流程以及材料该如何准备；
◇回国时间很长，忘记办理；
◇回国马上就要找工作，办给用人单位看；
◇企事业单位必须要求办理的
◇需要报考公务员、购买免税车、落转户口
◇申请留学生创业基金
留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
What are the common challenges faced by women lawyers working in the legal pr...
The legal profession, which has historically been male-dominated, has experienced a significant increase in the number of women entering the field over the past few decades. Despite this progress, women lawyers continue to encounter various challenges as they strive for top positions.
V.-SENTHIL-BALAJI-SLP-C-8939-8940-2023-SC-Judgment-07-August-2023.pdf
सुप्रीम कोर्ट ने यह भी माना था कि मजिस्ट्रेट का यह कर्तव्य है कि वह सुनिश्चित करे कि अधिकारी पीएमएलए के तहत निर्धारित प्रक्रिया के साथ-साथ संवैधानिक सुरक्षा उपायों का भी उचित रूप से पालन करें।
一比一原版(Lincoln毕业证)新西兰林肯大学毕业证如何办理
Lincoln硕士毕业证成绩单【微信95270640】办理新西兰林肯大学毕业证原版一模一样、Lincoln毕业证制作【Q微信95270640】《新西兰林肯大学毕业证购买流程》《Lincoln成绩单制作》新西兰林肯大学毕业证书Lincoln毕业证文凭新西兰林肯大学
本科毕业证书,学历学位认证如何办理【留学国外学位学历认证、毕业证、成绩单、大学Offer、雅思托福代考、语言证书、学生卡、高仿教育部认证等一切高仿或者真实可查认证服务】代办国外（海外）英国、加拿大、美国、新西兰、澳大利亚、新西兰等国外各大学毕业证、文凭学历证书、成绩单、学历学位认证真实可查。
[留学文凭学历认证(留信认证使馆认证)新西兰林肯大学毕业证成绩单毕业证证书大学Offer请假条成绩单语言证书国际回国人员证明高仿教育部认证申请学校等一切高仿或者真实可查认证服务。
多年留学服务公司,拥有海外样板无数能完美1:1还原海外各国大学degreeDiplomaTranscripts等毕业材料。海外大学毕业材料都有哪些工艺呢？工艺难度主要由：烫金.钢印.底纹.水印.防伪光标.热敏防伪等等组成。而且我们每天都在更新海外文凭的样板以求所有同学都能享受到完美的品质服务。
国外毕业证学位证成绩单办理方法：
1客户提供办理新西兰林肯大学新西兰林肯大学毕业证学位证信息：姓名生日专业学位毕业时间等（如信息不确定可以咨询顾问：我们有专业老师帮你查询）；
2开始安排制作毕业证成绩单电子图；
3毕业证成绩单电子版做好以后发送给您确认；
4毕业证成绩单电子版您确认信息无误之后安排制作成品；
5成品做好拍照或者视频给您确认；
6快递给客户（国内顺丰国外DHLUPS等快读邮寄）
— — — — 我们是挂科和未毕业同学们的福音我们是实体公司精益求精的工艺！ — — — -
一真实留信认证的作用(私企外企荣誉的见证):
1：该专业认证可证明留学生真实留学身份同时对留学生所学专业等级给予评定。
2：国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书这个入网证书并且可以归档到地方。
3：凡是获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内将在公安部网内查询个人身份证信息后同步读取人才网入库信息。
4：个人职称评审加20分个人信誉贷款加10分。
5：在国家人才网主办的全国网络招聘大会中纳入资料供国家500强等高端企业选择人才。问山娃想买什么想吃什么山娃知道父亲赚钱很辛苦除了书籍和文具山娃啥也不要能牵着父亲的手满城闲逛他已心满意足了父亲连挑了三套童装叫山娃试穿山娃有点不想父亲说城里不比乡下要穿得漂漂亮亮爸怎么不穿得漂亮望着父亲山娃反问道父亲听了并不回答只是吃吃地笑山娃很精神越逛越起劲父亲却越逛越疲倦望着父亲呵欠连天的样子山娃也说困了累了回家吧小屋闷罐一般头顶上的三叶扇彻夜呜呜作响搅得满屋热气腾腾也搅得山娃心烦意乱父亲一的
Guide on the use of Artificial Intelligence-based tools by lawyers and law fi...
This guide aims to provide information on how lawyers will be able to use the opportunities provided by AI tools and how such tools could help the business processes of small firms. Its objective is to provide lawyers with some background to understand what they can and cannot realistically expect from these products. This guide aims to give a reference point for small law practices in the EU
against which they can evaluate those classes of AI applications that are probably the most relevant for them.
Defending Weapons Offence Charges: Role of Mississauga Criminal Defence Lawyers
Discover how Mississauga criminal defence lawyers defend clients facing weapon offence charges with expert legal guidance and courtroom representation.
To know more visit: https://www.saini-law.com/
Sangyun Lee, 'Why Korea's Merger Control Occasionally Fails: A Public Choice ...
Presentation slides for a session held on June 4, 2024, at Kyoto University. This presentation is based on the presenter’s recent paper, coauthored with Hwang Lee, Professor, Korea University, with the same title, published in the Journal of Business Administration & Law, Volume 34, No. 2 (April 2024). The paper, written in Korean, is available at <https://shorturl.at/GCWcI>.
Recently uploaded (20)
The Work Permit for Self-Employed Persons in Italy
The Work Permit for Self-Employed Persons in Italy
Lifting the Corporate Veil. Power Point Presentation
Lifting the Corporate Veil. Power Point Presentation
The Art and Science of Cryptoforensic Investigation: Best Practices and Tools
The Art and Science of Cryptoforensic Investigation: Best Practices and Tools
San Remo Manual on International Law Applicable to Armed Conflict at Sea
San Remo Manual on International Law Applicable to Armed Conflict at Sea
Synopsis On Annual General Meeting/Extra Ordinary General Meeting With Ordina...
Synopsis On Annual General Meeting/Extra Ordinary General Meeting With Ordina...
fnaf lore.pptx ...................................
fnaf lore.pptx ...................................
From Promise to Practice. Implementing AI in Legal Environments
From Promise to Practice. Implementing AI in Legal Environments
What are the common challenges faced by women lawyers working in the legal pr...
What are the common challenges faced by women lawyers working in the legal pr...
V.-SENTHIL-BALAJI-SLP-C-8939-8940-2023-SC-Judgment-07-August-2023.pdf
V.-SENTHIL-BALAJI-SLP-C-8939-8940-2023-SC-Judgment-07-August-2023.pdf
Guide on the use of Artificial Intelligence-based tools by lawyers and law fi...
Guide on the use of Artificial Intelligence-based tools by lawyers and law fi...
Defending Weapons Offence Charges: Role of Mississauga Criminal Defence Lawyers
Defending Weapons Offence Charges: Role of Mississauga Criminal Defence Lawyers
Sangyun Lee, 'Why Korea's Merger Control Occasionally Fails: A Public Choice ...
Sangyun Lee, 'Why Korea's Merger Control Occasionally Fails: A Public Choice ...
MOA & AOA
- 1. PRESENTATION ON MOA & AOA MD.TuhinParves ID:B3160B005
- 2. Memorandum Of Association (MOA) The root document of the company which contains all the basic details about the company. Articles Of Association (AOA) The document which contains all the rules & regulations designed by the company.
- 3. Difference Between MOA & AOA Basis MOA AOA Definition A document that contains all the condition which are required for the registration of the company. a document that contains the rules and regulation for the administration of the company Source defined in section 2 (56) defined in section 2 (5) Registration Must be registered at the time of Incorporation May or May not be registered Types of Info. Powers & objects of the company Rules of the company Status Sub-ordinate to the company Act Sub-ordinate to the memorandum Contents Must contain 6 clauses Can be drafted according to company decision Relation Between company & Outsiders Between company & members
- 4. Effects of MOA 1. Foundation of a Business. Shows the capacity to contract of a company. 2. Constitution of a company which relates with the outside world. 3. No company is allowed to temper with its contents without the section of central govt. or court of law. 4. Any act of the company outside the scope of activities as laid down in the memorandum is said to be ultra-vires & non-binding on it.
- 5. Effects of AOA 1. The members are bound to the company . 2. The company is bound to the members. 3. Neither company nor members bound to outsiders article bind the members but neither of them is bound to an outsider to give effect to the articles. 4. The articles defines rights and liabilities of the members.