1. MMIS 680 Human Computer Interaction
Answer:
Introduction
Human computer interaction or HCI is found to be an interdisciplinary study field
emphasising on computer technology design and specifically, the interaction between
computers and humans. HCI is found to serve as beneficial for any business entities that are
found to be highly reliant upon computers and technology for executing its operations.
Thus, from the next adjoining section, differentiation between interaction styles and types
that incorporate multi-touch screens will be underlined. Additionally, conceptual models for
designing products for restaurants, key analogies, and utility tools will also be highlighted in
the following section briefly.
Interaction Types And Styles
With the growing dependency on computers along with electronic devices, users are found
to be looking for the most appropriate and suitable technologies that enable them to
interact with availed technologies easily. It is identified that Capacitive is considered as one
of the most commonly identifiable types of touch screen technology that support multi-
touch screens. Capacitive touch screens are found to utilise capacitance to identify specific
touch commands. There are different types of capacitive touch screen such as mutual, self,
and projected that are found to support multi-touch screen operations. On the other hand,
SAW (Surface Acoustic Wave) touch screen technology is also found to support multi touch
screens and they operate through emitting sound waves and ultrasonic waves over the
surface of the respective display interface. In contrast, it is identified that previously,
resistive touch screen technology failed to support multi touch screens (Lee et al. 2018).
However, presently, Resistive touch screen technologies support multi-touch operations.
This technology is found to work on the multi touch screen by emphasising on pressure for
detecting specific touch commands. Each of these interaction types and styles are found to
operate and work based on the requirement and utility of the multi touch screen user
preferences. In most of the cases, it is identified that capacitive technology is being utilised
for multi-touch screens to run on applications such as smart and mobile devices
respectively (Seol et al. 2019).
2. Conceptual Model
While designing products for restaurants, it would be required to analyse the demands and
expectations of the potential customers before introducing new products. As mentioned by
Aikhuele and Turan (2018), with the emergence of technology, consumers are found to
prefer to utilise user-friendly and technology-based platforms to purchase or order their
required items from their preferred brands. Thus, in order to design products for
restaurants, the following conceptual models in relation to HCI devices could be considered.
User Centred Design
User-centred design (UCD) is considered as the iterative design approach where designers
are found to be emphasised upon users along with their needs throughout the design
process (Xu, 2019). On the other hand, consideration of this model approach could serve as
beneficial for obtaining clear vision and goals of the proposed projects in accordance to
which proactive steps could be undertaken.
Activity Centred Design
Activity Centred Design (ACD) is considered as the design model that mainly emphasises
upon how a specific system needs to be produced and desired outcome as activity result.
This considers the border system behind a unit user. ACD model can be considered as the
extension of HCI in relation to the interaction design (Bachmann et al. 2018).
Comparing both the model concept, it can be mentioned that consideration of ACD model
would be beneficial to design products for restaurants as designers that follow this model
emphasises on research-based activities to collect user’s perspective and their needs in
accordance to which user-friendly design is being developed.
Key Analogies And Concepts
In the context of an identified model for developing new products for restaurants, object or
action analysis plays a significant role that provides a brief overview about the efficiency of
the model used during the design phase of the products. As computer-based systems offer
new capabilities, concepts cannot be identified in the task domain. For example, while
utilising the conceptual model for designing a product, physician documents can only be
organised in specific ways (Jaakkola, 2020). On the other hand, in touch screen-based
platforms, documents could be categorised in multiple ways. In this regard, it can be
mentioned that enumeration of the actions and objects of task-domain enable designers to
identify actions that are being shared among the objects. Designers thus can utilise the same
User Interference or UI for specific actions across different objects. Consideration of these
aspects serve as beneficial for the designers to introduce more coherent and simpler
product design.
3. One Utility Or Tool
In relation to designing products for specific restaurants, the order system will require the
potentiality to recall and retain the respective order from the particular time customer
placed to the order preparation, through delivery. One tool or utility for an application in
mouse-driven and touch-based screens that could be designed with the application of
memory recalls or retain is “JAVA Application”. When Java Virtual Machine is being
allocated to only a specific memory amount, the memory space could be increased. The
touch screen “menu ordering application” will utilise JAVA to become HCI device with the
customers and thus, it can be considered as one of the primary and important utility for the
up gradation of the system (Gobena, 2019).
Employees within the restaurants will assist their potential customers with problems,
questions, and concerns while placing orders through any order platforms in touch screen.
Utilisation of the mentioned utility will serve as beneficial for the restaurant as they will be
able to provide a convenient and easy ordering system (Vuletic et al. 2019). This will help to
generate customer satisfaction level along with speed up the overall customer service
operations.
Conclusion
In relation to the overall discussion, it can be mentioned that HCI allows companies to
obtain benefits of emerging infrastructure demands for the data-centric workloads without
requiring to place resources in the public clouds. The discussion has identified that
capacitive types are found to be widely utilised for multi-touch screens that run on
applications such as different smart and mobile devices. On the other hand, it has been
identified that the Activity Centred Design model could be utilised while developing
products for restaurants. Along with this, it has been identified that JAVA Application will be
the utility in application of mouse-driven and touch-based screens.
References
Aikhuele, D. and Turan, F., 2018. A conceptual model for the implementation of lean product
development. International Journal of Service Science, Management, Engineering, and
Technology (IJSSMET), 9(1), pp.1-9.
Bachmann, D., Weichert, F. and Rinkenauer, G., 2018. Review of three-dimensional human-
computer interaction with focus on the leap motion controller. Sensors, 18(7), p.2194.
Gobena, D.L., 2019. Human-Computer/Device Interaction. Computer Architecture in
Industrial, Biomechanical and Biomedical Engineering, p.29.
4. Jaakkola, E., 2020. Designing conceptual articles: four approaches. AMS review, 10(1),
pp.18-26.
Lee, S.H., An, J.S., Hong, S.K. and Kwon, O.K., 2018. A highly linear and accurate fork-shaped
electrode pattern for large-sized capacitive touch screen panels. IEEE Sensors Journal,
18(15), pp.6345-6351.
Seol, K.H., Park, S., Song, S.J. and Nam, H., 2019. Finger and stylus discrimination scheme
based on capacitive touch screen panel and support vector machine classifier. Japanese
Journal of Applied Physics, 58(7), p.074501.
Vuletic, T., Duffy, A., Hay, L., McTeague, C., Campbell, G. and Grealy, M., 2019. Systematic
literature review of hand gestures used in human computer interaction interfaces.
International Journal of Human-Computer Studies, 129, pp.74-94.
Xu, W., 2019. Toward human-centered AI: a perspective from human-computer interaction.
Interactions, 26(4), pp.42-46.
