Mixed oxide capacitor of cu o—batio3 as a new type co2 gas sensor
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An oxide capacitor consisting of BaTiO3 and an oxide is studied as a new type CO2 sensor based on capacitance change.
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CH EN 3453 Heat Transfer 2014 Fall Utah Homework HW 09 Assignment
Chemical Engineering CH EN 3453 Heat Transfer
from University of Utah, 2014 Fall
Homework HW 09 Assignment
Calorimeter
The document describes an experiment using a bomb calorimeter to determine heats of combustion. Students measured the heat of combustion of naphthalene and used benzoic acid as a known standard. The sample was fused to a wire and suspended in the bomb, which was filled with oxygen and ignited. Temperature changes before and after combustion were measured and used to calculate the energy released and heat of combustion based on the apparatus' specific heat, determined from benzoic acid trials. Results are presented in tables and graphs.
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CH EN 3453 Heat Transfer 2014 Fall Utah Homework HW 09 Assignment
Chemical Engineering CH EN 3453 Heat Transfer
from University of Utah, 2014 Fall
Homework HW 09 Assignment
Calorimeter
The document describes an experiment using a bomb calorimeter to determine heats of combustion. Students measured the heat of combustion of naphthalene and used benzoic acid as a known standard. The sample was fused to a wire and suspended in the bomb, which was filled with oxygen and ignited. Temperature changes before and after combustion were measured and used to calculate the energy released and heat of combustion based on the apparatus' specific heat, determined from benzoic acid trials. Results are presented in tables and graphs.
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The document describes the purpose, basic theory, tools, steps, and results of using a calorimeter to determine the specific heat of solid materials. The calorimeter is used to measure the heat involved in chemical reactions or changes in substances. The basic theory states that heat absorbed or released by a substance is directly proportional to its mass and temperature change, and depends on its type. The steps involve using the calorimeter to determine its heat capacity, then using it to find the specific heat of metal samples by measuring temperature changes when the hot metal is mixed with cold water. The results found the heat capacity of the calorimeter and specific heats of brass and iron samples.
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This document describes an experiment to determine the enthalpy of formation of magnesium oxide (MgO) through calorimetry. Three chemical reactions are used: 1) Mg + 2HCl → MgCl2 + H2; 2) MgO + 2HCl → MgCl2 + H2; 3) H2 + 1/2O2 → H2O. The enthalpy of formation of MgO is calculated by adding the enthalpies of reactions 1 and 3 and subtracting the enthalpy of reaction 2. Data on temperature changes is collected when Mg and MgO are added to HCl solution. The enthalpy of formation is found to be 590 kJ/mol,
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For the first time, thermodynamic calculations based on relatively new physicochemical constants clarified the onset temperature of thermal ammonia decomposition, as well as the side chemical reactions probability between ammonia and carbon dioxide. The influence of the main technological parameters on the calcium cyanamide synthesis is investigated. The exhaust gases composition from the reactor for the calcium cyanamide synthesis was studied depending on the temperature. Kinetic studies of the calcium cyanamide synthesis determined the chemical reaction orders with respect to ammonia and carbon dioxide, and it was proved that the limiting stage of calcium cyanamide synthesis is the initial gas components diffusion through the product layer. O. Kh. Panzhiev | A. Kh. Panzhiev | N. Umarov | O. Azimov "The Expander Gas and Ammonia Ratio Influence on the Calcium Cyanamide Yield" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Special Issue | International Research Development and Scientific Excellence in Academic Life , March 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd38440.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/other/38440/the-expander-gas-and-ammonia-ratio-influence-on-the-calcium-cyanamide-yield/o-kh-panzhiev
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method to find calorific values of fuels
This document discusses calorific values, which measure the heating power or energy content of fuels and foods. It defines lower and higher calorific values, and explains that calorific value depends on a substance's composition. Junker's calorimeter is used to specifically measure the calorific value of gases. The document also provides the formula to calculate higher calorific value from experimental measurements of mass, temperatures, and heat capacities in a bomb calorimeter test.
Oxygen analyser
The document discusses zirconia oxygen analyzers and their calibration. It provides details on:
- Zirconia oxygen analyzers measure oxygen concentration using air as a reference gas, but the oxygen concentration of air can vary with temperature and humidity, causing measurement errors.
- Zirconia oxygen analyzers use either a concentration cell system or limiting current type to generate a voltage corresponding to oxygen concentration based on the Nernst equation.
- Calibration of zirconia oxygen analyzers involves either a two-point calibration using zero and span gases or a one-point calibration using just a span gas or just a zero gas to establish the calibration curve.
Cobra 3
1. The document describes an experiment to determine the heat capacity of aluminum, iron, and brass using a Cobra3 device. Metallic samples are boiled in water and then placed in a calorimeter filled with water at room temperature. The temperature increase of the calorimeter water is measured.
2. The specific heat capacities of the metals are calculated based on the temperature changes and the energy balance equation. The measured heat capacity values for aluminum, iron, and brass agree well with literature values.
3. The molar heat capacities determined from the experiment also agree with the theoretical Dulong-Petit value of 24.94 J/(mol·K), verifying Dulong-Petit's law.
05 part3 heating value
The heating value, also known as the calorific value or energy value, is the amount of heat released during the combustion of a fuel. It is measured in units of energy per unit of the substance, such as kJ/kg. The higher heating value takes into account the latent heat of vaporization of water in the combustion products, while the lower heating value does not. Heating values are commonly determined through the use of a bomb calorimeter.
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This document compares indirect and direct gasification. Indirect gasification involves two coupled reactors that allow for complete carbon conversion at lower temperatures compared to direct gasification. The bed material in indirect gasification can transport oxygen from the combustor to the gasifier through chemical looping, providing energy for gasification and reducing tar formation. Studies show the bed material can supply up to 30% of the energy needed for gasification through this oxygen transport process. Indirect gasification provides more flexibility in operating conditions than direct gasification.
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This document contains 4 problems regarding steam power plants and steam systems. Problem 1 calculates the heat supplied to a boiler and the power generated by a turbine. Problem 2 calculates turbine power and heat rejected from a condenser. Problem 3 calculates boiler heat input and mass flow rates of hot and cold water. Problem 4 determines the ratio of steam to water mass flow rates needed to produce hot water at a given temperature.
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Calorific value refers to the total heat released when a fuel is completely burned. There are two types of calorific values for fuels containing hydrogen: higher (gross) calorific value and lower (net) calorific value. The higher calorific value includes the latent heat released from condensation of water vapor in the combustion products, while the lower calorific value does not include this latent heat as it escapes with the gases. The lower calorific value can be calculated by subtracting the latent heat of vaporization of hydrogen from the gross calorific value. Dulong's formula can also be used to theoretically calculate the calorific value based on the fuel's carbon, hydrogen, oxygen,
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The document compares three common temperature scales: Fahrenheit, Celsius, and Kelvin. It lists the people who developed each scale, when they were developed, and how they were defined. Key temperatures are also listed in each scale, along with conversion formulas between the scales.
Instrumentation of Thermogravimetric Analysis
Instrumentation of Thermogravimetric Analysis
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Recording Balance
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Sample Holder
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Furnace Temperature Programmer/Controller
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This document contains the questions from a Mechanical Engineering Thermodynamics exam. It covers topics like the first, second, and zeroth laws of thermodynamics, the Carnot cycle, psychrometrics, refrigeration, and steam power cycles. The exam has two sections - a short answer section with 10 two-mark questions, and a long answer section with 5 sixteen-mark questions covering applications of thermodynamic concepts to systems like air compressors, turbines, refrigerators and steam power plants.
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This document contains 11 problems related to thermodynamics concepts like steam tables, properties of steam at different conditions, processes involving gases in closed systems. The problems involve determining states, properties, energies and sketching processes on p-v diagrams. The document provides the questions and expects the answers to be provided using concepts of thermodynamics.
Lecture 15a - Gas Vapor Mixtures
Dry air and water vapor combine to form atmospheric air. The pressure of the dry air and water vapor pressure together make up the total pressure of the air mixture. Specific humidity is the ratio of mass of water vapor to total mass of air, while relative humidity is the ratio of actual water vapor pressure to saturation water vapor pressure. The enthalpy of atmospheric air depends on the enthalpies of dry air and water vapor as well as their relative quantities based on specific and relative humidity.
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Supervisor: Dr. Goharkhah
Presenter: Siavash Azizi
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Introduction
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Example
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This document contains 6 problems involving calculations of heat and entropy changes for various thermodynamic processes involving steam and gases. Problem 1 involves heating steam at constant pressure. Problem 2 involves condensing steam at constant pressure. Problem 3 involves heating steam in a rigid vessel with changing pressure. Problem 4 involves heating nitrogen in a rigid cylinder. Problem 5 involves heating and cooling air in a constant pressure and constant volume process. Problem 6 involves expanding and compressing air while keeping temperature constant in one process and rejecting heat at constant pressure in another.
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Oxygen analyzers measure the amount of oxygen a patient is receiving to ensure optimal levels. They work using either chemical or electrochemical methods. Chemical analyzers directly measure oxygen percentage but are not safe for operating rooms. Electrochemical analyzers use either a galvanic fuel cell or polarographic method using chemical reactions and electron flow to indirectly measure oxygen levels. Both require calibration to known oxygen percentages for accuracy.
Cara menghitung bomb kalorimeter
The document describes procedures for using a bomb calorimeter to determine the heat of combustion of organic compounds. A bomb calorimeter consists of a combustion bomb surrounded by a water bucket and thermometer. Samples are burned in the bomb, warming the surrounding water. The temperature change is used to calculate the heat released from the sample. Fat has the highest energy per gram, providing over twice as much heat as carbohydrates and proteins when burned.
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CH EN 3453 Heat Transfer 2014 Fall Utah Homework HW 01 Assignment
This document contains information about a heat transfer course including:
1) An assignment on explaining the basic laws of heat transfer and solving conductivity problems is due on August 29th.
2) Help sessions will be held on Wednesday, August 27th at 4:30pm to assist with the assignment.
3) An end of document survey asks students questions about their background and experience relevant to the course.
Lecture 16a Chemcial Reactions and Combstion
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Me2202 engineering thermodynamics uq - nov dec 2009
Me2202 engineering thermodynamics uq - nov dec 2009
CH EN 3453 Heat Transfer 2014 Fall Utah Homework HW 01 Assignment
CH EN 3453 Heat Transfer 2014 Fall Utah Homework HW 01 Assignment
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The Expander Gas and Ammonia Ratio Influence on the Calcium Cyanamide Yield
For the first time, thermodynamic calculations based on relatively new physicochemical constants clarified the onset temperature of thermal ammonia decomposition, as well as the side chemical reactions probability between ammonia and carbon dioxide. The influence of the main technological parameters on the calcium cyanamide synthesis is investigated. The exhaust gases composition from the reactor for the calcium cyanamide synthesis was studied depending on the temperature. Kinetic studies of the calcium cyanamide synthesis determined the chemical reaction orders with respect to ammonia and carbon dioxide, and it was proved that the limiting stage of calcium cyanamide synthesis is the initial gas components diffusion through the product layer. O. Kh. Panzhiev | A. Kh. Panzhiev | N. Umarov | O. Azimov "The Expander Gas and Ammonia Ratio Influence on the Calcium Cyanamide Yield" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Special Issue | International Research Development and Scientific Excellence in Academic Life , March 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd38440.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/other/38440/the-expander-gas-and-ammonia-ratio-influence-on-the-calcium-cyanamide-yield/o-kh-panzhiev
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Some fact about Ammonia Production by Prem Baboo.pdf
Operation of the plant is mainly supervised by the operators in the control room, who monitor the various instruments and adjust operating conditions in order to obtain satisfactory operation. They should also react when an alarm is activated. In some cases they can re-establish normal conditions by adjusting the controls in the control room; in other cases they give instructions to a field operator to make the necessary adjustments at various locations in the plant. Field operators work in regular shifts in the plant, especially in the reforming section, in order to supervise the firing of the reformer and the temperature of the tubes in the reformer, to record local instrument readings, and to notice any irregularities such as leaks. Every change of temperature of the reformer a little change can bring big change resulting energy losses, e.g. temperature of the primary reformer and CO slip losses in methanation etc.
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GHGT 11-poster-QIAN XIE
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Mixed oxide capacitor of cu o—batio3 as a new type co2 gas sensor
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