The Kansas City Plant in Missouri has soil and groundwater contamination from previous industrial activities that requires long-term stewardship. Groundwater monitoring and treatment will likely continue for hundreds of years to address volatile organic compounds and dense non-aqueous phase liquids. Surface water and sediment near the site also contain PCB contamination from historical spills. The site will require long-term monitoring of soil, groundwater, surface water, and sediment, as well as maintenance of institutional controls and groundwater treatment systems. Estimated costs for long-term stewardship activities at the site are $1-2 million annually through 2070. The Department of Energy plans to use the site for the foreseeable future.
The Kansas City Plant site has soil and groundwater contamination from previous industrial operations. Long-term stewardship activities include monitoring of groundwater and surface water, maintaining caps and treatment systems, and enforcing land-use restrictions. These activities are expected to continue indefinitely due to contaminants entering the groundwater that are difficult to remove. Estimated long-term costs average around $1.3 million annually through 2070 due to long-term groundwater monitoring and treatment requirements.
The Lakeview Site in Oregon contains a disposal cell that received approximately 722,000 cubic meters of contaminated materials from the nearby Lakeview Mill uranium processing site. The U.S. Department of Energy is responsible for long-term stewardship activities at the site, including monitoring the disposal cell and maintaining institutional controls. Annual inspections evaluate the condition of surface features and groundwater monitoring assesses initial disposal cell performance. Estimated annual long-term stewardship costs are $111,000 through at least 2070 to ensure protection of human health and the environment.
The document provides information on two sites in Pennsylvania - the Burrell Site and the Canonsburg Site. For the Burrell Site, it summarizes that the major activities are disposal cell and groundwater monitoring with access restrictions. The site size is 28 hectares and the estimated annual cost from 2000-2006 was $51,600. For the Canonsburg Site, it summarizes the major activities are disposal cell monitoring, groundwater and surface water monitoring, and access restrictions, with a site size of 14 hectares and estimated annual cost from 2000-2006 of $148,000.
The document provides information about two sites in Kentucky - the Maxey Flats Disposal Site and the Paducah Gaseous Diffusion Plant. It summarizes that the Maxey Flats site accepted low-level radioactive waste until 1977 and is undergoing remediation expected to be complete by 2003, at which point the Commonwealth of Kentucky will assume long-term stewardship responsibilities. It also summarizes that the Paducah plant has been operating since 1952 to enrich uranium, and that DOE is currently conducting cleanup activities of environmental contamination from plant operations expected to be complete by 2010, along with long-term monitoring and maintenance.
The Parkersburg Site in West Virginia contains an engineered disposal cell for radioactive waste from a former uranium mill. Major long-term stewardship activities include monitoring the disposal cell, restricting access, inspecting fencing and signs, and monitoring groundwater. The 6-hectare site has been monitored since 1983, with disposal of approximately 15,300 cubic meters of waste in the cell. Annual costs average around $16,400, with higher costs every 5 years for groundwater monitoring. The site will remain under long-term stewardship by the DOE indefinitely to ensure the integrity of the disposal cell.
This document provides recommendations to supplement an existing Phase II Wetland Mitigation Plan for a property located at 354 Old Whitfield Road in Guilford, CT. It recommends that the plan graphically illustrate existing groundwater depths and elevations, delineate original site conditions such as flood zones and wetland areas, address concerns raised by a citizens group regarding past debris and fill, establish baseline elevations and conduct soil testing of current site conditions, provide more detailed plans for proposed regrading and restoration including drainage and planting, and develop a 5-year maintenance and monitoring plan as recommended by a wetlands scientist. It also recommends considering additional recommendations from wildlife agencies and nurseries.
The Bayo Canyon site in New Mexico was used by DOE for explosive compression tests on metals from 1982 to
1942. Long-term stewardship activities include surveillance and institutional controls over 0.6 hectares to restrict
access to subsurface contamination. The estimated annual cost from 2000 to 2006 was $1,000.
The Department of the Interior’s Office of Surface Coal Mining Reclamation and Enforcement presented Northampton Fuel Supply Company, Inc. (NFS) with the “Excellence in Surface Coal Mining and Reclamation” National Award in September 2016 for the land reclamation at the Loomis Bank Operation off of Middle Road in Luzerne County, Hanover Township, PA. The Loomis site was an abandoned culm bank that covered over 100 acres of land. NFS started operations at the site in the late nineties and processed over a million tons of the culm material converting it to a viable fuel for power generation at Northampton Generating Company, LP’s (NGC) power plant located in Northampton, PA.
The Kansas City Plant site has soil and groundwater contamination from previous industrial operations. Long-term stewardship activities include monitoring of groundwater and surface water, maintaining caps and treatment systems, and enforcing land-use restrictions. These activities are expected to continue indefinitely due to contaminants entering the groundwater that are difficult to remove. Estimated long-term costs average around $1.3 million annually through 2070 due to long-term groundwater monitoring and treatment requirements.
The Lakeview Site in Oregon contains a disposal cell that received approximately 722,000 cubic meters of contaminated materials from the nearby Lakeview Mill uranium processing site. The U.S. Department of Energy is responsible for long-term stewardship activities at the site, including monitoring the disposal cell and maintaining institutional controls. Annual inspections evaluate the condition of surface features and groundwater monitoring assesses initial disposal cell performance. Estimated annual long-term stewardship costs are $111,000 through at least 2070 to ensure protection of human health and the environment.
The document provides information on two sites in Pennsylvania - the Burrell Site and the Canonsburg Site. For the Burrell Site, it summarizes that the major activities are disposal cell and groundwater monitoring with access restrictions. The site size is 28 hectares and the estimated annual cost from 2000-2006 was $51,600. For the Canonsburg Site, it summarizes the major activities are disposal cell monitoring, groundwater and surface water monitoring, and access restrictions, with a site size of 14 hectares and estimated annual cost from 2000-2006 of $148,000.
The document provides information about two sites in Kentucky - the Maxey Flats Disposal Site and the Paducah Gaseous Diffusion Plant. It summarizes that the Maxey Flats site accepted low-level radioactive waste until 1977 and is undergoing remediation expected to be complete by 2003, at which point the Commonwealth of Kentucky will assume long-term stewardship responsibilities. It also summarizes that the Paducah plant has been operating since 1952 to enrich uranium, and that DOE is currently conducting cleanup activities of environmental contamination from plant operations expected to be complete by 2010, along with long-term monitoring and maintenance.
The Parkersburg Site in West Virginia contains an engineered disposal cell for radioactive waste from a former uranium mill. Major long-term stewardship activities include monitoring the disposal cell, restricting access, inspecting fencing and signs, and monitoring groundwater. The 6-hectare site has been monitored since 1983, with disposal of approximately 15,300 cubic meters of waste in the cell. Annual costs average around $16,400, with higher costs every 5 years for groundwater monitoring. The site will remain under long-term stewardship by the DOE indefinitely to ensure the integrity of the disposal cell.
This document provides recommendations to supplement an existing Phase II Wetland Mitigation Plan for a property located at 354 Old Whitfield Road in Guilford, CT. It recommends that the plan graphically illustrate existing groundwater depths and elevations, delineate original site conditions such as flood zones and wetland areas, address concerns raised by a citizens group regarding past debris and fill, establish baseline elevations and conduct soil testing of current site conditions, provide more detailed plans for proposed regrading and restoration including drainage and planting, and develop a 5-year maintenance and monitoring plan as recommended by a wetlands scientist. It also recommends considering additional recommendations from wildlife agencies and nurseries.
The Bayo Canyon site in New Mexico was used by DOE for explosive compression tests on metals from 1982 to
1942. Long-term stewardship activities include surveillance and institutional controls over 0.6 hectares to restrict
access to subsurface contamination. The estimated annual cost from 2000 to 2006 was $1,000.
The Department of the Interior’s Office of Surface Coal Mining Reclamation and Enforcement presented Northampton Fuel Supply Company, Inc. (NFS) with the “Excellence in Surface Coal Mining and Reclamation” National Award in September 2016 for the land reclamation at the Loomis Bank Operation off of Middle Road in Luzerne County, Hanover Township, PA. The Loomis site was an abandoned culm bank that covered over 100 acres of land. NFS started operations at the site in the late nineties and processed over a million tons of the culm material converting it to a viable fuel for power generation at Northampton Generating Company, LP’s (NGC) power plant located in Northampton, PA.
The document summarizes long-term stewardship activities and costs at Argonne National Laboratory - East in Illinois. Major activities include surveillance and monitoring of engineered units and groundwater monitoring. The total site area is 607 hectares. Some portions will require long-term stewardship through 2033, with an estimated average annual cost of $216,500 from 2000-2006. The U.S. Department of Energy will be responsible for long-term stewardship activities and future land use at the site.
This document summarizes a community meeting about remediation efforts at the Gude Landfill. The proposed corrective measure is to install a geomembrane cap over part of the landfill and additional landfill gas collection wells to address groundwater contamination. A land reuse process was outlined that involves community input and approval from county officials. Passive recreation uses are preferred by the community for post-remediation land use. The anticipated schedule and ongoing community engagement were also discussed.
Montgomery County Department of Environmental Protection Division of Solid Waste Services - Gude Landfill Remediation Project Corrective Measures Implementation - June 2017
This document summarizes a citizen's forum meeting regarding remediation of the Gude Landfill. Representatives from the county, concerned citizens groups, and engineering firms presented information. The county discussed the landfill history and current operations/monitoring. Groundwater monitoring has found some exceedances of EPA standards near the landfill. The concerned citizens group objectives ensuring remediation is completed before any reuse. The engineering firm discussed plans for further site characterization and risk assessment to develop remediation alternatives. The concerned citizens group discussed possible future reuse options for the landfill property.
The document provides an update on the remediation approach for the Gude Landfill site to community members. It summarizes the findings of site investigations identifying groundwater contamination beyond the landfill boundary. It outlines the assessment of corrective measures currently underway to evaluate technologies to address the contamination to meet regulatory standards. It also discusses future land reuse preferences of the community and next steps in the process including further community engagement and coordination with county agencies.
The document summarizes a preliminary investigation of the Rolling Knolls Landfill site to determine if it constitutes an "area in need of redevelopment" under New Jersey law. The landfill operated from the 1930s to 1968 and received various wastes. It is now a closed, unlined Superfund site with soil and groundwater contamination. The investigation finds the site demonstrates characteristics like contamination that qualify it for redevelopment area designation. This would allow the town to direct redevelopment and cleanup of the hazardous site.
The (Conoco) Conquista Site in Texas was formerly used for uranium milling from 1972 to 1982. Remediation activities are being conducted by the site owner, Continental Oil Company (CONOCO), to consolidate contaminated mill tailings, soil, and debris into an onsite disposal cell. In 2002, the U.S. Department of Energy will assume responsibility for long-term stewardship activities at the 243 hectare site, including monitoring of the disposal cell and contaminated groundwater. The estimated annual long-term stewardship cost from 2000 to 2006 is $38,943.
The document summarizes long-term stewardship activities at two sites in Idaho - the Idaho National Engineering and Environmental Laboratory (INEEL) and the Lowman Site. For INEEL, major activities include monitoring engineered units, enforcing institutional controls, and restricting access across its 230,321 hectare area. The estimated annual cost is $3.7 million. For the smaller Lowman Site, major activities are disposal cell monitoring, enforcing institutional controls, and restricting access across its 7.3 hectare area. The estimated annual cost is $71,000.
This resume is for Jeffrey P. Thompson, who has over 15 years of experience in environmental and civil engineering. He has a B.S. in Environmental Engineering and is a registered professional engineer in Florida. He has managed a wide range of projects involving site assessment, remediation, permitting, and civil site development. Notable current and past projects include work on landfill closures and redevelopment, brownfield remediation, and stormwater management system design.
The EPA proposed a plan to remediate off-site soil contamination from the Cabot Carbon/Koppers Superfund site in Gainesville, Florida. Testing found elevated levels of arsenic, PAHs, and dioxins in soil near the site. The plan includes removing contaminated soil from residential and commercial properties with owners' consent. Alternative options like engineering controls or deed restrictions may be used depending on contamination levels and present land use. The EPA will continue sampling off-site areas and inform the public of results to expedite the cleanup process and ensure human health is protected. A community meeting will be held in October to address further questions.
The (Atlas) Moab Mill site is the location of a former uranium mill in Moab, Utah. It operated from 1956 to 1988,
leaving behind uranium mill tailings and contaminated soil and groundwater. Under the NDAA for FY 2001, DOE
will remediate the site and perform any long-term stewardship activities required. Remediation may include
relocating wastes and restoring groundwater. Long-term activities such as groundwater monitoring are expected but
will depend on the final remediation plan. The site covers 162 hectares and residual contamination volumes are
currently unknown.
New & Modified Oil & Gas Drilling Regulations Proposed by the PA Environmenta...Marcellus Drilling News
This document contains definitions for terms used in Chapter 78 of Title 25 of the Pennsylvania Code regarding oil and gas wells. It defines over 80 terms, including conventional and unconventional formations, pits, containment systems, water sources, well operators, and more. It also outlines application requirements for well permits, including providing information on business entities, consulting the Pennsylvania Natural Heritage Program to avoid environmental impacts, and notifying relevant agencies for certain locations near public resources.
In-Situ Contaminant Stabilization and Brownfield RedevelopmentDavid Bausmith
The document summarizes the remediation of a former wood treating site in Port Newark, NJ that was contaminated with arsenic and creosote from its previous industrial use. Approximately 52,000 cubic yards of contaminated soil were treated using both in-situ and ex-situ cement-based solidification/stabilization, immobilizing the contaminants and rendering the site suitable for use as a container storage facility. The remediation reduced construction and disposal costs while meeting regulatory requirements and allowing productive reuse of the brownfield site.
Teamwork is important in the service sector, as seen at Forum Mart, Bhubaneswar's first shopping mall. The mall opened in 2004 and had a turnover of Rs. 1.2 crore in 2009-2010. The hierarchy at Forum Mart includes a store manager who reports to the area head, with assistant store managers, department managers, assistant department managers, team leaders, and team members.
The document provides advice and words of encouragement. It suggests that one should not compare themselves to others and that problems come with solutions. It also notes that every successful person has faced difficulties and painful stories, but were able to turn things around. The final sentences encourage readers to learn from mistakes and use challenges to become better and more valuable individuals.
Warren Buffet, the second richest man in the world who has donated $31 billion to charity, emphasizes living simply and investing for the long term. He still lives in the same house he purchased over 50 years ago, drives his own car, and does not have an entourage. His meeting with Bill Gates was supposed to last 30 minutes but ended up being 10 hours, with Gates becoming a devoted follower of Buffet's philosophy. Buffet advises focusing on bettering yourself through education and saving, avoiding unnecessary purchases and debt, and spending on others who are truly in need.
The scientific method is a process used to investigate questions about the natural world through observation and experimentation. It involves formulating a hypothesis, conducting an experiment to test the hypothesis, analyzing the results, and communicating the conclusions. There are several versions of the scientific method, but they all begin with identifying a problem and include developing an experiment to gather data to evaluate the initial hypothesis.
A lead is the beginning of a story that catches the reader's attention and makes them want to continue reading. There are different types of leads such as question leads, set-up leads, talking leads, and snapshot leads. A question lead draws the reader in with a question. A set-up lead establishes the action for the whole story in a few sentences. A talking lead starts with a line or two of dialogue. A snapshot lead creates a picture of the setting or character in the reader's mind.
The Battelle Columbus Laboratory-King Avenue site in Ohio was used from 1943 to 1986 for atomic energy research and development. Buildings and grounds were contaminated with uranium, thorium, and other materials. Cleanup was completed in 2000, with all wastes shipped offsite. The U.S. Department of Energy is not expected to be responsible for long-term stewardship at the privately owned site, as necessary activities will be conducted by the current landowner, Battelle Memorial Institute.
The document summarizes long-term stewardship activities and costs at Argonne National Laboratory - East in Illinois. Major activities include surveillance and monitoring of engineered units and groundwater monitoring. The total site area is 607 hectares. Some portions will require long-term stewardship through 2033, with an estimated average annual cost of $216,500 from 2000-2006. The U.S. Department of Energy will be responsible for long-term stewardship activities and future land use at the site.
This document summarizes a community meeting about remediation efforts at the Gude Landfill. The proposed corrective measure is to install a geomembrane cap over part of the landfill and additional landfill gas collection wells to address groundwater contamination. A land reuse process was outlined that involves community input and approval from county officials. Passive recreation uses are preferred by the community for post-remediation land use. The anticipated schedule and ongoing community engagement were also discussed.
Montgomery County Department of Environmental Protection Division of Solid Waste Services - Gude Landfill Remediation Project Corrective Measures Implementation - June 2017
This document summarizes a citizen's forum meeting regarding remediation of the Gude Landfill. Representatives from the county, concerned citizens groups, and engineering firms presented information. The county discussed the landfill history and current operations/monitoring. Groundwater monitoring has found some exceedances of EPA standards near the landfill. The concerned citizens group objectives ensuring remediation is completed before any reuse. The engineering firm discussed plans for further site characterization and risk assessment to develop remediation alternatives. The concerned citizens group discussed possible future reuse options for the landfill property.
The document provides an update on the remediation approach for the Gude Landfill site to community members. It summarizes the findings of site investigations identifying groundwater contamination beyond the landfill boundary. It outlines the assessment of corrective measures currently underway to evaluate technologies to address the contamination to meet regulatory standards. It also discusses future land reuse preferences of the community and next steps in the process including further community engagement and coordination with county agencies.
The document summarizes a preliminary investigation of the Rolling Knolls Landfill site to determine if it constitutes an "area in need of redevelopment" under New Jersey law. The landfill operated from the 1930s to 1968 and received various wastes. It is now a closed, unlined Superfund site with soil and groundwater contamination. The investigation finds the site demonstrates characteristics like contamination that qualify it for redevelopment area designation. This would allow the town to direct redevelopment and cleanup of the hazardous site.
The (Conoco) Conquista Site in Texas was formerly used for uranium milling from 1972 to 1982. Remediation activities are being conducted by the site owner, Continental Oil Company (CONOCO), to consolidate contaminated mill tailings, soil, and debris into an onsite disposal cell. In 2002, the U.S. Department of Energy will assume responsibility for long-term stewardship activities at the 243 hectare site, including monitoring of the disposal cell and contaminated groundwater. The estimated annual long-term stewardship cost from 2000 to 2006 is $38,943.
The document summarizes long-term stewardship activities at two sites in Idaho - the Idaho National Engineering and Environmental Laboratory (INEEL) and the Lowman Site. For INEEL, major activities include monitoring engineered units, enforcing institutional controls, and restricting access across its 230,321 hectare area. The estimated annual cost is $3.7 million. For the smaller Lowman Site, major activities are disposal cell monitoring, enforcing institutional controls, and restricting access across its 7.3 hectare area. The estimated annual cost is $71,000.
This resume is for Jeffrey P. Thompson, who has over 15 years of experience in environmental and civil engineering. He has a B.S. in Environmental Engineering and is a registered professional engineer in Florida. He has managed a wide range of projects involving site assessment, remediation, permitting, and civil site development. Notable current and past projects include work on landfill closures and redevelopment, brownfield remediation, and stormwater management system design.
The EPA proposed a plan to remediate off-site soil contamination from the Cabot Carbon/Koppers Superfund site in Gainesville, Florida. Testing found elevated levels of arsenic, PAHs, and dioxins in soil near the site. The plan includes removing contaminated soil from residential and commercial properties with owners' consent. Alternative options like engineering controls or deed restrictions may be used depending on contamination levels and present land use. The EPA will continue sampling off-site areas and inform the public of results to expedite the cleanup process and ensure human health is protected. A community meeting will be held in October to address further questions.
The (Atlas) Moab Mill site is the location of a former uranium mill in Moab, Utah. It operated from 1956 to 1988,
leaving behind uranium mill tailings and contaminated soil and groundwater. Under the NDAA for FY 2001, DOE
will remediate the site and perform any long-term stewardship activities required. Remediation may include
relocating wastes and restoring groundwater. Long-term activities such as groundwater monitoring are expected but
will depend on the final remediation plan. The site covers 162 hectares and residual contamination volumes are
currently unknown.
New & Modified Oil & Gas Drilling Regulations Proposed by the PA Environmenta...Marcellus Drilling News
This document contains definitions for terms used in Chapter 78 of Title 25 of the Pennsylvania Code regarding oil and gas wells. It defines over 80 terms, including conventional and unconventional formations, pits, containment systems, water sources, well operators, and more. It also outlines application requirements for well permits, including providing information on business entities, consulting the Pennsylvania Natural Heritage Program to avoid environmental impacts, and notifying relevant agencies for certain locations near public resources.
In-Situ Contaminant Stabilization and Brownfield RedevelopmentDavid Bausmith
The document summarizes the remediation of a former wood treating site in Port Newark, NJ that was contaminated with arsenic and creosote from its previous industrial use. Approximately 52,000 cubic yards of contaminated soil were treated using both in-situ and ex-situ cement-based solidification/stabilization, immobilizing the contaminants and rendering the site suitable for use as a container storage facility. The remediation reduced construction and disposal costs while meeting regulatory requirements and allowing productive reuse of the brownfield site.
Teamwork is important in the service sector, as seen at Forum Mart, Bhubaneswar's first shopping mall. The mall opened in 2004 and had a turnover of Rs. 1.2 crore in 2009-2010. The hierarchy at Forum Mart includes a store manager who reports to the area head, with assistant store managers, department managers, assistant department managers, team leaders, and team members.
The document provides advice and words of encouragement. It suggests that one should not compare themselves to others and that problems come with solutions. It also notes that every successful person has faced difficulties and painful stories, but were able to turn things around. The final sentences encourage readers to learn from mistakes and use challenges to become better and more valuable individuals.
Warren Buffet, the second richest man in the world who has donated $31 billion to charity, emphasizes living simply and investing for the long term. He still lives in the same house he purchased over 50 years ago, drives his own car, and does not have an entourage. His meeting with Bill Gates was supposed to last 30 minutes but ended up being 10 hours, with Gates becoming a devoted follower of Buffet's philosophy. Buffet advises focusing on bettering yourself through education and saving, avoiding unnecessary purchases and debt, and spending on others who are truly in need.
The scientific method is a process used to investigate questions about the natural world through observation and experimentation. It involves formulating a hypothesis, conducting an experiment to test the hypothesis, analyzing the results, and communicating the conclusions. There are several versions of the scientific method, but they all begin with identifying a problem and include developing an experiment to gather data to evaluate the initial hypothesis.
A lead is the beginning of a story that catches the reader's attention and makes them want to continue reading. There are different types of leads such as question leads, set-up leads, talking leads, and snapshot leads. A question lead draws the reader in with a question. A set-up lead establishes the action for the whole story in a few sentences. A talking lead starts with a line or two of dialogue. A snapshot lead creates a picture of the setting or character in the reader's mind.
The Battelle Columbus Laboratory-King Avenue site in Ohio was used from 1943 to 1986 for atomic energy research and development. Buildings and grounds were contaminated with uranium, thorium, and other materials. Cleanup was completed in 2000, with all wastes shipped offsite. The U.S. Department of Energy is not expected to be responsible for long-term stewardship at the privately owned site, as necessary activities will be conducted by the current landowner, Battelle Memorial Institute.
The Salmon Site covers 1,470 acres in Mississippi where the U.S. Atomic Energy Commission conducted two underground nuclear tests in the 1960s, contaminating the subsurface and groundwater. Major long-term stewardship activities include annual groundwater monitoring and enforcing restrictions to prevent access to the contaminated subsurface. Stewardship is estimated to cost $40,000 annually through 2010 and $6.8 million total after 2070, involving monitoring, data analysis, and well maintenance every 25 years. The site is planned to transfer to the state as a demonstration forest after surface contamination decays over 10 years.
This document summarizes two types of agriculture financing: direct financing to farmers and indirect financing to agriculture. Direct financing includes short-term loans for raising crops and medium to long-term loans for activities like purchasing equipment, irrigation development, farm buildings, storage facilities, and land purchase. Indirect financing includes loans through cooperatives, financing for inputs, machinery hire-purchase schemes, bonds from NABARD, and lending to non-bank financial companies for agriculture.
The document discusses the benefits of exercise for mental health. Regular physical activity can help reduce anxiety and depression and improve mood and cognitive functioning. Exercise boosts blood flow, releases endorphins, and promotes changes in the brain which help regulate emotions and stress levels.
The Parkersburg Site is a 6-hectare former uranium mill site that now contains an engineered disposal cell. Long-term stewardship activities include monitoring the disposal cell, restricting access, inspections, and maintenance. The estimated annual cost from 2000-2006 was $16,400. The site will be maintained in perpetuity.
Dnrec werner arra dba delaware abc 02 04-10 finalJim Werner
The document discusses funding provided by the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 (ARRA) for energy efficiency and renewable energy programs in Delaware. It provides an overview of ARRA funding amounts and requirements, including prevailing wage rules. It also summarizes specific programs in Delaware that will receive ARRA funding to promote energy efficiency upgrades, weatherization assistance, and renewable energy investments. Reporting requirements are outlined for tracking spending and job creation metrics.
The document provides information on several long-term stewardship sites in Missouri, including the Kansas City Plant site. The Kansas City Plant site covers 56 hectares and requires long-term groundwater and surface water monitoring and institutional controls for soil contamination. Major remediation activities at the site have included soil removal and treatment of contaminated groundwater. Estimated annual long-term stewardship costs for 2005-2006 were $1.33 million. The Weldon Spring Site requires similar long-term monitoring of surface water, groundwater, and landfill maintenance, and had estimated annual costs of $1 million for 2003-2006.
The document describes long-term stewardship activities at several sites in Missouri impacted by historical DOE operations. It provides details for the Kansas City Plant site, including:
- Groundwater and surface water monitoring and institutional controls are ongoing to address soil contamination from historical operations.
- Over $1 million per year is spent on long-term stewardship activities like groundwater treatment and monitoring.
- Surface and groundwater remediation has been ongoing since the 1990s and is expected to continue indefinitely to reduce contaminants to regulatory limits.
The Kansas City Plant site covers 56.4 hectares and requires long-term stewardship activities including groundwater and surface water monitoring, as well as maintaining institutional controls for soil contamination. Groundwater treatment and monitoring will need to continue indefinitely due to DNAPLs in the aquifer. Estimated annual costs for long-term stewardship activities at the site are $1.3 million.
The document provides information on two sites in Kentucky - the Maxey Flats Disposal Site and the Paducah Gaseous Diffusion Plant. It summarizes that the Maxey Flats site accepted radioactive waste from 1963-1977 and is undergoing remediation to be completed by 2003, after which the Commonwealth of Kentucky will assume responsibility for long-term stewardship. It also notes that the Paducah Gaseous Diffusion Plant enriches uranium on a 1,385 hectare site owned by the DOE, with current activities including engineered caps, monitoring, and maintenance expected to continue in perpetuity.
The document summarizes long-term stewardship activities at two sites in Oregon - the Lakeview Mill site and the Lakeview Site. At the Lakeview Mill site, activities include groundwater monitoring and enforcing deed restrictions to restrict groundwater use. At the Lakeview Site, activities involve monitoring the disposal cell that contains contaminated materials relocated from the Lakeview Mill site and maintaining institutional controls such as fencing and signage. The estimated average annual cost for long-term stewardship activities from 2000-2006 was $47,000 for the Lakeview Mill site and $111,000 for the Lakeview Site.
The Bayo Canyon site in New Mexico was used by the DOE for explosive compression tests on metals from
1982 to 1992. The 0.6-hectare site contains low-level radioactive contamination from these tests. Long-term
stewardship activities include annual inspections and maintaining institutional controls to restrict access and
land use. The estimated annual cost for long-term stewardship from 2000 to 2006 was $1,000.
The Burrell Site and Canonsburg Site summaries are as follows:
Burrell Site:
- Major activities include disposal cell and groundwater monitoring and access restrictions
- Site size is 28 hectares
- Estimated average annual cost from FY2000-2006 is $51,600
Canonsburg Site:
- Major activities include disposal cell monitoring, groundwater/surface water monitoring, access restrictions, and inspections
- Site size is 14 hectares
- Estimated average annual cost from FY2000-2006 is $148,000
The Salmon Site in Mississippi contains subsurface nuclear contamination from tests conducted in the 1960s. Major long-term stewardship activities include groundwater monitoring and enforcing restrictions to prevent access to the contaminated subsurface. The site area is 595 hectares and estimated annual costs for long-term stewardship from 2000-2006 were $60,000. The Department of Energy plans to transfer the surface land to the state after remediating surface contamination, while maintaining restrictions and monitoring of the subsurface indefinitely.
The Edgemont Site in South Dakota contains a 145-hectare disposal cell that was built in 1989 to encapsulate uranium mill tailings and contaminated materials from a nearby former uranium mill. Major long-term stewardship activities at the site include monitoring of the disposal cell, restricting access, inspections, and maintenance. The estimated annual cost for long-term stewardship activities from 2000-2006 was $7,800. The primary future use of the site will be long-term surveillance and maintenance of the onsite disposal cell.
The Edgemont Site in South Dakota contains a 145-hectare disposal cell that encapsulates contaminated tailings and waste from a former uranium mill. Long-term stewardship activities at the site include annual inspections of the disposal cell, restricting access, and maintenance. The disposal cell will be monitored and maintained in perpetuity at an estimated average annual cost of $7,800. The site provides long-term isolation of 2.3 million cubic meters of contaminated material beneath an engineered cap designed to last 200-1000 years.
The (Conoco) Conquista Site is a former uranium milling site in Karnes County, Texas encompassing 243 hectares. Continental Oil Company (CONOCO) operated the mill from 1972-1982. Remediation efforts encapsulated contaminated soils and mill tailings in an onsite 101-hectare disposal cell. Groundwater is contaminated with radionuclides. In 2002, responsibility will transfer to the US Department of Energy for long-term stewardship activities including groundwater monitoring and disposal cell inspections costing an estimated $38,943 annually.
The Idaho National Engineering and Environmental Laboratory site covers 230,321 hectares in southeast Idaho. Past nuclear activities have resulted in soil, groundwater, and facility contamination that is being remediated. Long-term stewardship activities will include monitoring, maintaining remediation structures, and enforcing access restrictions to prevent exposure in residually contaminated areas. The site is expected to require stewardship activities indefinitely to protect human health and the environment.
This document summarizes the history of contamination at Picatinny Arsenal in New Jersey and remediation efforts under CERCLA. Weapons manufacturing at Picatinny Arsenal since the 1800s has led to groundwater, surface water, soil, and air contamination. The EPA placed the site on the Superfund National Priorities List in 1990 due to volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and metals exceeding standards. Initial site investigations identified TCE and chromium VI contamination requiring remediation. The federal government and Department of Defense have funded ongoing cleanup through monitoring, excavating contaminated soil, and implementing land use controls to prevent exposure.
The document provides information on 5 sites in New Jersey that may require long-term stewardship: DuPont & Company, Maywood Chemical Works, Middlesex Sampling Plant, Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory, and Wayne Site. For each site, it gives a brief overview of past activities that led to contamination and notes that cleanup is not yet complete, so long-term stewardship requirements are not yet determined. Contact information is also provided for each site.
This document provides information on the Battelle Columbus Laboratory-King Avenue site in Ohio. The 2.4 hectare site was used between 1943 and 1986 for atomic energy research and development conducted by Battelle Memorial Institute for the DOE and its predecessors. Buildings and grounds were contaminated with uranium, thorium, and other materials from these activities. DOE completed cleanup of the nine contaminated buildings by 1998, disposing of wastes offsite. Cleanup activities will be fully completed in 2000 with final surveys. DOE is not expected to be responsible for long-term stewardship, as Battelle Memorial Institute owns the property.
The (Atlas) Moab Mill site is a former uranium milling site located on 162 hectares near Moab, Utah. Operations from 1956 to 1988 created uranium mill tailings and other wastes occupying around 53 hectares. The U.S. Department of Energy will be responsible for long-term stewardship if needed. Per the 2001 National Defense Authorization Act, the Department of Energy must prepare a remediation plan considering relocating wastes to an offsite disposal cell and restoring groundwater, in consultation with other groups. Long-term activities are not expected to begin until after 2006.
The document provides site summaries for 4 locations in New Jersey - the DuPont & Company site, Maywood Chemical Works, Middlesex Sampling Plant, and Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory. It describes the historical activities at each site, the contaminants present, and notes that the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers is responsible for remediation at these Formerly Utilized Sites Remedial Action Program sites, while the U.S. Department of Energy is responsible for any long-term stewardship activities once cleanup is complete. However, the document notes that cleanup is not yet finalized at these sites so the extent of required long-term stewardship is not yet determined.
Amchitka Island is a 30,000 hectare site in Alaska where the US conducted three underground nuclear tests between 1965-1971. Long-term stewardship activities include monitoring soil and groundwater for contamination, and enforcing access restrictions to prevent intrusion into contaminated areas. Monitoring is conducted every 5 years at a cost of about $23,000 per year. The US Fish and Wildlife Service manages the island as a wildlife refuge, while the US Department of Energy maintains restrictions on the test areas indefinitely.
The document summarizes long-term stewardship activities at Amchitka Island in Alaska. Major activities include soil and groundwater monitoring to ensure restrictions on access to subsurface contamination are enforced. The site covers 30,000 hectares and long-term stewardship is estimated to cost $23,000 annually and will continue in perpetuity. Monitoring involves sampling soil and groundwater every 5 years to restrict access to nuclear test sites on the island and ensure contaminants remain isolated.
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This document provides a summary of the U.S. Department of Energy report "Linking Legacies: Connecting the Cold War Nuclear Weapons Production Processes to Their Environmental Consequences". The report connects the nuclear weapons production facilities during the Cold War to the environmental impacts and waste left behind. It details each step of nuclear weapons production and disposition and the resulting contamination found on and around the sites. The goal is to inform Congress, DOE managers, analysts, and the public about the environmental results of nuclear weapons production in order to guide future cleanup efforts.
The document discusses the benefits of exercise for mental health. Regular physical activity can help reduce anxiety and depression and improve mood and cognitive function. Exercise causes chemical changes in the brain that may help protect against developing mental illness and improve symptoms for those who already suffer from conditions like anxiety and depression.
This document provides information on three Department of Energy sites in Washington:
1) The (Dawn) Ford Site, a former uranium milling site of 202 hectares that will be transferred to DOE in 2019 for long-term monitoring.
2) Hanford, a 152,000 hectare former plutonium production site undergoing environmental remediation to address contaminated liquids, soils, groundwater and solid waste. Major long-term activities will include institutional controls and monitoring.
3) The (WNI) Sherwood Site, a 154 hectare former disposal site requiring disposal cell and groundwater monitoring with an estimated annual cost of $38,700 for long-term stewardship through 2006.
The document summarizes information about long-term stewardship activities at the Oak Ridge Reservation site in Tennessee. It discusses:
- Major activities including maintaining engineered barriers, monitoring ground and surface water, and enforcing institutional controls.
- The site size is 14,000 hectares (35,000 acres).
- The estimated average annual cost from FY2000-2006 was $6,733,000.
The Savannah River Site in South Carolina covers 80,127 hectares and produces nuclear materials. Major long-term stewardship activities include institutional controls, monitoring, and operating treatment systems. An estimated 26.4 million is spent annually on long-term stewardship. The site has remediated over 300 of 500 contaminated acres and cleaned over 4 billion gallons of groundwater. Future plans include ongoing cleanup efforts and disposition of wastes and materials stored on site.
The Savannah River Site in South Carolina covers 198,344 acres and has four main long-term stewardship activities: institutional controls, surveillance and maintenance of treatment systems, operation and monitoring of engineered units, and monitoring of groundwater. Major past activities at the site included producing nuclear materials for national defense from the 1950s to 1980s. Current activities focus on environmental management and cleanup, with over 300 of 500 contaminated acres remediated and treatment systems operating at nine groundwater sites. The site requires long-term management into the future.
The Center for Energy and Environmental Research (CEER) in Puerto Rico consists of four sites totaling 72 hectares that were used for nuclear and energy research. DOE has completed cleanup activities at the sites according to environmental regulations. Long-term stewardship responsibilities remain for the Boiling Nuclear Superheat Research Reactor site, which includes annual inspections and maintenance of security and controls around the entombed radioactive materials. The estimated annual cost for long-term stewardship is $25,000.
The document discusses three sites in Nevada - the Central Nevada Test Area, Nevada Test Site and Tonopah Test Range, and Project Shoal. For the Central Nevada Test Area:
- One subsurface nuclear test was conducted in 1968, with ongoing groundwater monitoring and access restrictions required.
- Surface remediation of contaminated soil pits will be complete by 2001, with long-term monitoring and controls over residual subsurface contamination indefinitely.
- Annual costs for long-term stewardship are estimated at $37,000.
The Hallam Nuclear Power Facility site in Lancaster County, Nebraska entombed residual radioactive materials onsite after decommissioning a sodium-cooled nuclear reactor in the 1960s-1970s. Current activities include annual groundwater monitoring to ensure containment of contaminants. The 7.3 hectare site is estimated to require groundwater monitoring and maintenance from 1998 to past 2070 at an average annual cost of $46,000.
The Shpack Landfill is located 40 miles southwest of Boston in Massachusetts. It began operating as a private landfill in the 1960s and received both industrial and domestic waste. In the late 1970s, elevated radiation was detected at the site. The landfill contains contaminated wastes from a former nuclear plant in Attleboro. Cleanup of the site under FUSRAP began in the 1980s and radioactive materials were removed. In 1997, the Army Corps of Engineers took over remediation of the site, which is not yet complete. The long term stewardship requirements are still unknown.
The W.R. Grace and Company Site is located on an industrialized peninsula in south Baltimore, Maryland. During the 1950s, W.R. Grace milled thorium for the Atomic Energy Commission, resulting in low-level radioactive waste that was buried on the property. Radiation surveys identified randomly distributed contamination over the waste burial area and elevated levels of radioactivity in other locations. The primary contaminant of concern is thorium-232. The site was designated for remedial action under the Formerly Utilized Sites Remedial Action Program in 1984, but cleanup is not yet complete so long-term stewardship requirements are not yet known.
The Ames Laboratory is located on the campus of Iowa State University in Ames, Iowa. It was established in 1947 to produce purified uranium for the Manhattan Project. The 10-acre site currently includes several research buildings. Past waste disposal practices led to soil and groundwater contamination, which was remediated by 1994. Groundwater monitoring will continue through 2002. With cleanup complete, no long-term stewardship is expected to be required after 2006.
The Argonne National Laboratory - East site covers 607 hectares and contains residual contamination from past research and waste disposal practices. Major activities include monitoring of engineered containment units and groundwater. Remediation has addressed numerous contaminated facilities, but residual contamination will remain in some areas requiring long-term stewardship. Annual costs for long-term stewardship activities from 2000-2006 averaged $216,500.
The document discusses the benefits of exercise for mental health. Regular physical activity can help reduce anxiety and depression and improve mood and cognitive function. Exercise causes chemical changes in the brain that may help protect against mental illness and improve symptoms for those who already suffer from conditions like anxiety and depression.
Unlock the Future of Search with MongoDB Atlas_ Vector Search Unleashed.pdfMalak Abu Hammad
Discover how MongoDB Atlas and vector search technology can revolutionize your application's search capabilities. This comprehensive presentation covers:
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* Importance and benefits of vector search
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* Live demos with code snippets
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* Best practices and optimization strategies
Perfect for developers, AI enthusiasts, and tech leaders. Learn how to leverage MongoDB Atlas to deliver highly relevant, context-aware search results, transforming your data retrieval process. Stay ahead in tech innovation and maximize the potential of your applications.
#MongoDB #VectorSearch #AI #SemanticSearch #TechInnovation #DataScience #LLM #MachineLearning #SearchTechnology
Your One-Stop Shop for Python Success: Top 10 US Python Development Providersakankshawande
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TrustArc Webinar - 2024 Global Privacy SurveyTrustArc
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In the fifth annual Global Privacy Benchmarks Survey, we asked over 1,800 global privacy professionals and business executives to share their perspectives on the current state of privacy inside and outside of their organizations. This year’s report focused on emerging areas of importance for privacy and compliance professionals, including considerations and implications of Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies, building brand trust, and different approaches for achieving higher privacy competence scores.
See how organizational priorities and strategic approaches to data security and privacy are evolving around the globe.
This webinar will review:
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Best 20 SEO Techniques To Improve Website Visibility In SERPPixlogix Infotech
Boost your website's visibility with proven SEO techniques! Our latest blog dives into essential strategies to enhance your online presence, increase traffic, and rank higher on search engines. From keyword optimization to quality content creation, learn how to make your site stand out in the crowded digital landscape. Discover actionable tips and expert insights to elevate your SEO game.
In the rapidly evolving landscape of technologies, XML continues to play a vital role in structuring, storing, and transporting data across diverse systems. The recent advancements in artificial intelligence (AI) present new methodologies for enhancing XML development workflows, introducing efficiency, automation, and intelligent capabilities. This presentation will outline the scope and perspective of utilizing AI in XML development. The potential benefits and the possible pitfalls will be highlighted, providing a balanced view of the subject.
We will explore the capabilities of AI in understanding XML markup languages and autonomously creating structured XML content. Additionally, we will examine the capacity of AI to enrich plain text with appropriate XML markup. Practical examples and methodological guidelines will be provided to elucidate how AI can be effectively prompted to interpret and generate accurate XML markup.
Further emphasis will be placed on the role of AI in developing XSLT, or schemas such as XSD and Schematron. We will address the techniques and strategies adopted to create prompts for generating code, explaining code, or refactoring the code, and the results achieved.
The discussion will extend to how AI can be used to transform XML content. In particular, the focus will be on the use of AI XPath extension functions in XSLT, Schematron, Schematron Quick Fixes, or for XML content refactoring.
The presentation aims to deliver a comprehensive overview of AI usage in XML development, providing attendees with the necessary knowledge to make informed decisions. Whether you’re at the early stages of adopting AI or considering integrating it in advanced XML development, this presentation will cover all levels of expertise.
By highlighting the potential advantages and challenges of integrating AI with XML development tools and languages, the presentation seeks to inspire thoughtful conversation around the future of XML development. We’ll not only delve into the technical aspects of AI-powered XML development but also discuss practical implications and possible future directions.
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HCL Notes and Domino License Cost Reduction in the World of DLAUpanagenda
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The introduction of DLAU and the CCB & CCX licensing model caused quite a stir in the HCL community. As a Notes and Domino customer, you may have faced challenges with unexpected user counts and license costs. You probably have questions on how this new licensing approach works and how to benefit from it. Most importantly, you likely have budget constraints and want to save money where possible. Don’t worry, we can help with all of this!
We’ll show you how to fix common misconfigurations that cause higher-than-expected user counts, and how to identify accounts which you can deactivate to save money. There are also frequent patterns that can cause unnecessary cost, like using a person document instead of a mail-in for shared mailboxes. We’ll provide examples and solutions for those as well. And naturally we’ll explain the new licensing model.
Join HCL Ambassador Marc Thomas in this webinar with a special guest appearance from Franz Walder. It will give you the tools and know-how to stay on top of what is going on with Domino licensing. You will be able lower your cost through an optimized configuration and keep it low going forward.
These topics will be covered
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OpenID AuthZEN Interop Read Out - AuthorizationDavid Brossard
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1. Missouri
Weldon Spring Site
Kansas City Plant
St. Louis Airport Site
Vicinity Properties
St. Louis Airport Site
Latty Avenue Properties
St. Louis Downtown Site
Westlake Disposal Site
Long-Term Stewardship Site Highlights
Kansas City Plant (page 3)
Major Activities- groundwater and surface water monitoring; institutional controls for soil
contamination
Site Size- 56.4 hectares (141 acres)
Start-End Years- 2005/in perpetuity
Estimated Average Annual Cost FY 2005-2006- $1,334,000
Latty Avenue Properties (page 11)
unknown
St. Louis Airport Site (page 13)
unknown
St. Louis Airport Site Vicinity Properties (page 15)
unknown
St. Louis Downtown Site (page 17)
unknown
Weldon Spring Site Remedial Action Project (page 19)
Major Activities- surface water and groundwater monitoring; disposal cell maintenance
and monitoring; institutional controls
Site Size- 91.4 hectares (226 acres)
Start-End Years- 2003/in perpetuity
Estimated Average Annual Cost FY 2003-2006- $1,006,000
Westlake Disposal Site (page 29)
Site Size- 81 hectares (200 acres)
5. Kansas City Plant
KANSAS CITY PLANT
1.0
SITE SUMMARY
1.1
Site Description and Mission
The Kansas City Plant is the U.S. Department of
Energy's (DOE) main component fabrication plant,
supporting multiple missions (defense, environmental,
and others). The plant is part of the Bannister Federal
Complex, a 120-hectare (300-acre) site approximately
19 kilometers ( 12 miles) south of downtown Kansas
City, Missouri. DOE occupies about 56 hectares (141
acres) of this complex. The complex is zoned by local
government for heavy industry. The surrounding area
consists of single- and multiple-family residences,
commercial establishments, industrial districts, and
public-use lands.
LONG-TERM STEWARDSHIP HIGHLIGHTS
Major Long-Term Stewardship Activities -
groundwater and surface water monitoring;
institutional controls for soil contamination
Total Site Area- 56.4 hectares (141 acres)
Estimated Volume of Residual Contaminants-
unknown
Long-Term Stewardship Start-End Years- 2005-in
perpetuity
Average Annual Long-Term Stewardship Cost FY
2005-2006- $1,334,000
Landlord- U.S. Department of Energy, Office of
Defense Programs
The Kansas City Plant was built by the U.S. Navy
during World War II to assemble engines for Navy
fighter planes. Pratt-Whitney operated the plant from early 1943 until 1945. In 1947, Westinghouse began
leasing the facility to the Fairfax Storage Company, which used part of the building as a warehouse for tires, raw
rubber, sugar and lumber. Two years later in 1949, the Atomic Energy Commission (later known as the U.S.
Department of Energy) asked the Bendix Corporation to take over part of the facility and begin building
components for nuclear weapons. In 1993, DOE officially designated the Kansas City Plant as the consolidated
site for all nonnuclear components for nuclear weapons. The plant, now under operation by Honeywell Federal
Manufacturing & Technologies (FM&T), currently manufactures and procures electrical, electromechanical,
mechanical, and plastic components.
1.2
Site Cleanup and Accomplishments
SITE ACCOMPLISHMENTS
Various spills and leaks from previous production
activities have contaminated the soil, groundwater, and
surface water at the Kansas City Plant. Because the site
produced only nonnuclear components for nuclear
weapons, no radioactive contamination is present at the
site.
42 of 43 release sites have been stabilized; and the
Resource Conservation and Recovery Act
(RCRA) Facility Investigation for the 43rd site
(95th Terrace Site) is under Missouri Department
of Natural Resources review
ANTICIPATED ACCOMPLISHMENTS BY 2006
The soil is contaminated with polychlorinated biphenyls
(PCBs ), volatile organics, and petroleum hydrocarbons.
The volatile organic contamination covers much of the
site, while the polychlorinated biphenyl contamination
is most highly concentrated near the solid-waste
management units.
The petroleum hydrocarbon
contamination occurs at various locations throughout
the site. The soil contamination represented a surface
area of approximately 70,000 square meters (84,000
square yards, or 17 acres) of subsurface soil.
Missouri
•
Complete the Corrective Measures Study to
determine which cleanup method to use for the
95th Terrace Site
Compete the Corrective Measures Implementation
Design, which specifies construction details for
cleanup of the 95th Terrace Site
Continue groundwater treatment and monitoring
activities, including well monitoring and
maintenance, preparing regulatory reports, and
ground water interceptor well design
3
6. National Defense Authorization Act (NOAA) Long-Term SteHtnlship Report
~
c::::::J
0
-
DOE Owned and
Controlled Buildings
Site Boundary
1,000
2,000
Feet
West Boller
House
---
Kansas City Plant
Surface remediation, including soil removal, has been ongoing under a Consent Order Agreement with the U.S.
Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) since 1990 and is expected to be completed by fiscal year (FY) 2004.
The Consent Order Agreement was transferred from EPA to the Missouri Department of Natural Resources as
a post-closure permit in 1999.
The volume of residual soil contamination is unknown. DOE expects that institutional controls will be the
selected remedy in areas where soil contamination poses a minimal risk. No additional capping of contaminated
soil areas is planned, as the majority of contamination is located underneath the facility. Two former waste water
treatment lagoons have caps, requiring monitoring and maintenance.
Approximately 24 hectares (58 acres) of groundwater is contaminated with volatile organics and petroleum
hydrocarbons. Engineered controls are used to prevent further contamination of the groundwater. DOE will
continue to extract and treat groundwater contaminated with trichloroethylene (TCE) and its degradation
products, 1,2-dichloroethylene (1,2 DCE), and vinyl chloride until maximum concentration limits (MCLs) are
no longer exceeded. However, currently, there is no known, viable, cost-effective treatment method that will
remove volatile organics to MCLs for the contamination under the buildings (in a tight silty clay soil).
Technologies will continue to be evaluated for applicability to volatile organic contamination. The groundwater
contamination by petroleum hydrocarbons, which are dense non-aqueous phase liquids (DNAPLs), is being
cleaned up primarily through the use of innovative technologies.
Missouri
4
7. Kansas City Plant
Final cleanup levels for groundwater have not yet been determined. DOE plans to continue groundwater
treatment and monitoring until it can be demonstrated in three consecutive years that MCLs are not exceeded or
until the regulators agree to an alternative. Approximately 80 million liters (21 million gallons) of groundwater
per year are treated. With current technologies and cleanup standards, groundwater treatment could continue for
hundreds of years in order to achieve maximum contaminant levels. There is currently no designated use for the
contaminated aquifer and none is predicted, as the city uses surface water sources for its drinking supply. Current
groundwater treatment is limiting discharge of contaminants to the surrounding surface water.
Contamination also spilled into the storm drains affecting the Indian Creek and Blue River surface water and
sediments. The surface water concentrations have typically been in the parts-per-billion range, when detected.
Sediment concentrations on areas of the site have been around two parts per million. The State of Missouri has
recently notified DOE that the discharge limit will be lowered to 0.5 parts per billion in the near future, possibly
resulting in future remediation work. The contamination consists of PCBs spilled into a storm drain and residual
contamination in the storm sewer. Water collected in one exterior sump onsite is treated for PCBs prior to being
discharged to the sanitary sewer system. Several projects to reduce the concentrations were completed in the last
15 years, including lining of laterals and excavations at different areas of the site. These projects include the
following:
I
.··
l
Date
Project
1984
Six manholes modified to decrease amount of PCBs entering storm sewer.
1985
K lateral lined with Insituform.
1987
PCB-containing heat transfer oil and PCB-contaminated piping were removed from the two heat transfer
systems, one of which was responsible for the 95 1h Terrace spills.
1988
Four additional laterals were lined with Insituform; a corrugated metal pipe, which was coated with a
PCB-containing material, was removed from part of the 002 system. Also in 1988, 1600 tons of 002
Raceway PCB-contaminated materials (soil, sediments, and concrete) were removed. This material had
become contaminated as a result of a 1972 spill. Clean fill was used to return the area to grade, and a
replacement concrete raceway from the outfall to Indian Creek was constructed.
1993
24,700 metric tons (27,210 tons) of PCB-contaminated material (up to 9,000 mg/kg) were removed for
offsite disposal. PCBs at this location were primarily the result of the 1969 spill at the old 002 Outfall.
Clean fill was used to restore the area to grade.
2.0
SITE-WIDE LONG-TERM STEWARDSHIP
2.1
Long-Term Stewardship Activities
Because contamination remains in place, DOE must conduct long-term surveillance and monitoring. DOE's
Office of Defense Programs (DP) will be responsible for institutional controls, continued groundwater
remediation, and monitoring. DOE will conduct routine sampling and maintain institutional and procedural
controls, including excavation restrictions, in order to protect workers from inadvertent exposure in areas where
residual contamination is present. Corrective Action reports, completed as part of the Consent Order, are kept
in a library in the Environmental Compliance Department onsite. Documents are also distributed to the DOE
Kansas City Area Office, EPA Region 7, and the Missouri Department of Natural Resources.
Currently, the site has institutional controls that include both procedural and proprietary controls. Procedural
controls include: Hazardous Waste Operations and Emergency Response (HAZWOPER) determination,
Missouri
5
8. National Defense Authorization Act (NOAA) Long-Term Stewardship Report
preliminary hazard analysis, construction waste assessment, design review, construction safety plan, and an
excavation permit. Proprietary controls include: land use restrictions and conditions, a land use restriction
notice, a notice to potential transferees, a plan for continuation of institutional controls, and compliance with
regulatory requirements. The engineered controls, in place at the site, include a groundwater pump and treat
system and an iron wall to contain contaminated groundwater and prevent it from reaching Blue River and Indian
Creek. Designs are underway to improve the efficiency and effectiveness of the engineered controls to provide
containment and treatment of contaminated groundwater.
2.2
Specific Long-Term Stewardship Activities
Soil
DOE will conduct routine sampling of the soil and maintain institutional and procedural controls, including
excavation restrictions, to protect workers from inadvertent exposure in areas where residual contamination is
present. Major areas of soil contamination lie near or under the Main Manufacturing Building, with additional
areas of soil contamination located to the east and northeast of the main building. The exact volume of soil
subject to long-term stewardship requirements is not known.
Kansas City Soil Contamination
Groundwater
Due to the presence of DNAPLs, the site expects that groundwater monitoring will be needed indefinitely. At
the present remediation rate, additional treatment may be necessary to restore the alluvial aquifer. Currently,
188 wells are in place to monitor groundwater. Monitoring wells and groundwater treatment equipment will
require surveillance and maintenance throughout this treatment period.
Missouri
6
9. Kansas City Plant
~
Surface Water Contamination
(/
~ Groundwater Contamination
0
500
1,000
Feet
Kansas City Groundwater and Surface Water Contamination
Surface Water/Sediment
Due to the presence of PCBs in Indian Creek, DOE periodically monitors for PCBs. As previously mentioned,
several projects have addressed PCB concentrations (see previous page). Also, future activities will be
influenced by possible changes to the discharge limits for PCB contamination set by the State of Missouri.
2.3
Regulatory Regime
The Missouri Department of Natural Resources has authority over the Post Closure Permit and is the regulatory
lead over all environmental restoration for the Kansas City Plant. Long-term stewardship activities at the Kansas
City Plant are governed by several regulations, including the Atomic Energy Act of 1954, as amended; EPA
groundwater protection standards in 40 Code of Federal Regulations; and the National Environmental Policy
Act of 1969, the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act, and the Comprehensive Environmental Response,
Compensation, and Liability Act.
Missouri
7
10. National Defense Authorization Act (NDAA) Long-Term Stewanlship Report
2.4
Assumptions and Uncertainties
DOE assumes that the designated groundwater cleanup levels will be met. If they cannot be met, it may be
possible to apply for alternative cleanup levels (ACLs) because of"technical impracticability," but this will need
to be demonstrated. Although the cost estimates assume no additional remediation, the Resource Conservation
and Recovery Act Post Closure Permit, issued by the Missouri Department of Natural Resources, requires
periodic review of new technologies. If a new technology is determined feasible for this site, implementation
would be required, which would possibly require increased funding.
3.0
ESTIMATED LONG-TERM STEWARDSHIP COSTS
Estimated costs for long-term stewardship activities for the Kansas City Plant are identified in the table below.
Costs are based on monitoring, sampling of the groundwater, and well maintenance. Of the cost totals shown
in the cost table, approximately 55% is for groundwater monitoring, 18% for groundwater treatment, and 27%
for program management. As stated in Section 2.4, possible future groundwater remediation costs have not been
factored into cost estimates as a contingency.
<
.
Year(s)
Si(eLong-TermStewitfdshipCQsts(Constant Year 2oob Dollars)
••
:
Amount
·:·
..
Yem'(s).
Amount
!
'
Year(s)
Amount
FY 2000
$0
FY2008
$1,166,000
FY 2036-2040
$6,676,000
FY 2001
$0
FY2009
$1,506,000
FY 2041-2045
$6,689,000
FY 2002
$0
FY 2010
$1,167,000
FY 2046-2050
$6,345,000
FY 2003
$0
FY 2011-2015
$6,691,000
FY 2051-2055
$6,679,000
FY 2004
$0
FY 2016-2020
$6,343,000
FY 2056-2060
$6,691,000
FY2005
$1,164,000
FY 2021-2025
$6,677,000
FY 2061-2065
$6,345,000
FY 2006
$1,504,000
FY 2026-2030
$6,690,000
FY 2066-2070
$6,677,000
FY 2007
$1,165,000
FY 2031-2035
$6,345,000
4.0
FUTURE USES
DOE's Office of Defense Programs (DP) has an ongoing mission and will use facilities and land for office space,
warehousing, and light manufacturing. DP is expected to be the lead secretarial office and intends to use the site
for the foreseeable future. In the event of a landowner change, a Notice to Potential Transferees will be issued,
a plan for Continuation of Institutional Controls will be developed, and compliance with the Comprehensive
Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act (CERCLA) Section 120(h) will be achieved.
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11. Kansas City Plant
For more information about the Kansas City Plant, please contact:
Tanya Snyder, Public Affairs Officer
2000 East 95th Street
P.O. Box 419159
Kansas City, MO 64141-6159
Phone: 816-997-5937
or visit the Internet website at http://www.os.kcp.com
Missouri
Phil Keary, Environmental Restoration Manager
Office of Technical Management
US Department of Energy, Kansas City Area Office
P.O. Box 410202
Kansas City, MO 64141-0202
Phone: 816-997-7288
9
13. Latty A venue Proper·ties
LATTY AVENUE PROPERTIES
1
SITE SUMMARY
The Latty A venue Properties are located in an area approximately one kilometer (0.6 mile) north of the St. Louis
Airport in the towns of Hazelwood and Berkeley, Missouri. The Latty Avenue Properties include: (1) the
Hazelwood Interim Storage Site, which was used for interim storage of materials removed from St. Louis vicinity
properties; (2) the Futura Coatings Site, which was a Futura Coatings, Inc.-leased property used for
manufacturing plastic coatings; and (3) several vicinity properties on Latty Avenue.
During the 1940s and 1950s, the Mallinckrodt Chemical Company conducted uranium milling and refining
operations under contracts with the Manhattan Engineer District and the Atomic Energy Commission
(predecessor agencies to the U.S. Department of Energy) at the nearby St. Louis Downtown Site in Missouri.
During the same period, Mallinckrodt transported process residues to the St. Louis Airport Site for storage. The
process residues at the St. Louis Airport Site were sold to a commercial firm in the late 1960s, and the residues
were transported to a property at 9200 Latty A venue for storage and processing. This material was subsequently
sold to the Cotter Corporation and shipped to its facilities in Cafion City, Colorado. By the early 1970s, the
material had been removed from the Latty Avenue site, and the Cotter Corporation's Nuclear Regulatory
Commission (NRC) license was terminated. However, soil analyses conducted by the NRC in 1976, and
subsequent radiological assessments by others, indicated that there were residual uranium and thorium
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1
The Latty Avenue Properties Site comprise one of the 21 Formerly Utilized Sites Remedial Action Program
(FUSRAP) sites where cleanup responsibility was transferred to the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (Corps) in accordance with
the Energy and Water Development Appropriations Act for FY 1998. At these 21 sites, the Corps is responsible for remediation
and DOE is responsible for long-term stewardship activities, if any are deemed necessary. The cleanup decisions for these sites
are not yet final and, therefore, the extent of long-term stewardship required for these sites, if any, is not yet known.
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14. National Defense Authorization Act (NOAA) Long-Term Stewanlship Report
concentrations above criteria for unrestricted land use.
In 1983, Congress authorized the cleanup of the Latty Avenue Properties as a reasearch and development
contamination project under the Formerly Utilized Sites Remedial Action Program (FUSRAP).
Current radiological contamination present no significant health risks to workers or the public under the current
site-use and land-use conditions. The Corps' remedial action for this site is not yet complete and, therefore, the
extent of long-term stewardship required, if any, is not yet known.
For additional information about the Latty Avenue Properties, please contact:
FUSRAP Project Office
St. Louis District
U.S. Army Corps of Engineers
8945 Latty Avenue
Berkeley, MO 63134
Phone:314-260-3905
or visit the Internet website at: http://www.mvs.usace.army.mil/engr/fusrap/home2.htm
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15. St. Louis Airport Site
ST. LOUIS AIRPORT SITE
1
SITE SUMMARY
The St. Louis Airport Site is adjacent to the northern boundary of the Lambert-St. Louis International Airport
Authority in St. Louis County, Missouri. The site is approximately 25 kilometers (15 miles) northwest of
downtown St. Louis. The site was used primarily to store process residues from the former Mallinckrodt
Chemical Company plants in downtown St. Louis, currently known as the St. Louis Downtown Site.
The Manhattan Engineer District (MED), an early predecessor agency of the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE),
acquired the St. Louis Airport Site in 1946. The site was operated by the Manhattan Engineer District and the
Atomic Energy Commission (the successor agency to the MED and a predecessor agency of DOE) from 1946
to 1953 to store residues from the milling and refining of high-grade uranium ore conducted at the St. Louis
Downtown Site. During the late 1960s, the stored process residues were sold and removed from the site. Also,
in the late 1960s, title to the property was transferred to the Lambert-St. Louis Airport Authority. Ownership
of the site was assumed by the city of St. Louis in the 1970s, with the Lambert-St. Louis Airport Authority being
responsible for access to and maintenance of the site.
In the Energy and Water Development Appropriations Act for Fiscal Year 1985, Congress directed DOE to
reacquire the site for use as a disposal facility for contaminated materials and wastes from the Latty Avenue
Properties Site in Hazelwood, Missouri, as well as the St. Louis Airport Site Vicinity Properties. However,
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St. Louis Airport Site
1
The St. Louis Airport Site is one of the 21 Formerly Utilized Sites Remedial Action Program (FUSRAP) sites where
cleanup responsibility was transferred to the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (Corps) in accordance with the Energy and Water
Development Appropriations Act for FY 1998. At these 21 sites, the Corps is responsible for remediation and DOE is
responsible for long-term stewardship activities, if any are deemed necessary. The cleanup decisions for these sites are not yet
final and, therefore, the extent of long-term stewardship required for these sites, if any, is not yet known.
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16. National Defense Authorization Act (NOAA) Long-Term Stewardship Report
absent an agreement and important decisions regarding final cleanup of the principal St. Louis sites, work was
initiated to clean up designated vicinity properties and haul road contamination. An interim storage site on Latty
Avenue in Hazelwood is being used to store radioactively contaminated soil from vicinity properties and haul
roads.
Contaminants of concern from storage activities at the St. Louis Airport Site are uranium, thorium, metals, and
organics.
The Corps' remedial action for this site is not yet complete and, therefore, the extent of long-term stewardship
required, if any, is not yet known.
For additional information about the St. Louis Airport Site, please contact:
FUSRAP Project Office
St. Louis District
U.S. Army Corps of Engineers
8945 Latty A venue
Berkeley, MO 63134
Phone:314-260-3905
or visit the Internet website at: http://www.mvs.usace.army.mil/engr/fusraplhome2.htm
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17. St. Louis Airport Site Vicinity Pt·operties
ST. LOUIS AIRPORT SITE VICINITY PROPERTIES 1
SITE SUMMARY
The St. Louis Airport Site Vicinity Properties are located in the towns of Hazelwood and Berkeley, Missouri,
approximately 25 kilometers (15 miles) northwest of downtown St. Louis. The properties are associated with
both the St. Louis Airport Site and the Latty A venue Properties.
The Manhattan Engineer District (MED), an early predecessor agency of the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE),
acquired the St. Louis Airport Site in 1946. The site was operated by the Manhattan Engineer District and the
Atomic Energy Commission (the successor agency to the MED and a predecessor agency of DOE) from 1946
to 1953 to store residues from uranium processing operations, primarily from the former Mallinckrodt Chemical
Company Plants in St. Louis, at a location currently referred to as the St. Louis Downtown Site.
By the late 1960s, most of the residues were sold to Continental Mining and Milling Company and removed from
the St. Louis Airport Site to their property on Latty A venue, which is part of the Latty A venue Vicinity
Properties.
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St. Louis Airport Site Vicinity Properties
1
The St. Louis Airport Site Vicinity Properties comprise one of the 21 Formerly Utilized Sites Remedial Action
Program (FUSRAP) sites where cleanup responsibility was transferred to the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (Corps) in
accordance with the Energy and Water Development Appropriations Act for FY 1998. At these 21 sites, the Corps is responsible
for remediation and DOE is responsible for long-term stewardship activities, if any are deemed necessary. The cleanup decisions
for these sites are not yet final and, therefore, the extent of long-term stewardship required for these sites, if any, is not yet
known.
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18. National Defense Authorization Act (NOAA) Long-Term Stewardship Report
As a consequence of moving these residues from the St. Louis Airport Site to Latty A venue, several vicinity
properties and locations (right-of-ways) along the haul roads were contaminated with the radioactive constituents
of the residues. Also, over time, natural migration by water and wind resulted in the transport of radioactive
contamination to several properties contiguous to the St. Louis Airport Site and along Coldwater Creek.
Radioactive contaminants have been removed from most of the properties and place in temporary storage at the
Hazelwood Interim Storage Site.
The Corps' remedial action for the St. Louis Airport Vicinity Properties Site is not yet complete and, therefore,
the extent of long-term stewardship required, if any, is not yet known.
For additional information about the St. Louis Airport Site Vicinity Properties, please contact:
FUSRAP Project Office
St. Louis District
U.S. Army Corps of Engineers
8945 Latty A venue
Berkeley, MO 63134
Phone:314-260-3905
or visit the Internet website at: http://www.mvs.usace.arrny.mil/engr/fusrap/home2.htm
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19. St. Louis Downtown Site
ST. LOUIS DOWNTOWN SITE 1
SITE SUMMARY
The St. Louis Downtown Site is located in an industrial area on the eastern border of St. Louis, about 60 meters
(200 feet) west ofthe Mississippi River. The St. Louis Downtown Site is an operating industrial facility owned
by Mallinckrodt, Inc
From the 1940s to 1950s, Mallinckrodt Chemical Company conducted a variety of uranium processing and
recovery operations at the site in support of the national defense program. During closeout of operations in the
late 1950s, governmentowned buildings were either dismantled or transferred to Mallinckrodt as part of a
settlement agreement.
Contamination at the St. Louis Downtown Site originated from industrial-scale milling to recover uranium from
high-grade uranium ore, among other processing activities (e.g., extraction and concentration of thorium-230
from pitchblende raffinate). The primary contaminants of concern at the site include uranium, thorium, and
radium. Based on chemical characterization data, several metals (antimony, arsenic, beryllium, lead, nickel, and
thallium) are also present at concentrations above background levels. The St. Louis Downtown Site was
designated for cleanup by the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) under the Formerly Utilized Sites Remedial
Action Program (FUSRAP) in 1984. The final decision on a remedy for all St. Louis sites has not been made.
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1
The St. Louis Downtown Site is one of the 21 Formerly Utilized Sites Remedial Action Program (FUSRAP) sites
where cleanup responsibility was transferred to the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (Corps) in accordance with the Energy and
Water Development Appropriations Act for FY 1998. At these 21 sites, the Corps is responsible for remediation and DOE is
responsible for long-term stewardship activities, if any are deemed necessary. The cleanup decisions for these sites are not yet
final and, therefore, the extent of long-term stewardship required for these sites, if any, is not yet known.
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20. National Defense Authorization Act (NDAA) Long-Term Stewardship Report
However, cleanup activities have been conducted in support of building construction and renovation operations
by Mallinckrodt. Residual radioactive materials that were accumulated were place in interim storage on the site.
The potential for contaminant transport is limited. Impervious materials (e.g., buildings) cover most of the
contaminated soils.
The Corps' remedial action for the site is not yet complete and, therefore, the extent of long-term stewardship
required, if any, is not yet known.
For additional information about the St. Louis Downtown Site, please contact:
FUSRAP Project Office
St. Louis District
U.S. Army Corps of Engineers
8945 Latty A venue
Berkeley, MO 63134
Phone:314-260-3905
or visit the Internet website at: http://www.mvs.usace.army.miVengr/fusrap/home2.htm
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21. Weldon Spring Site
WELDON SPRING SITE
1.0
SITE SUMMARY
1.1
Site Description and Mission
The Weldon Spring Site is located in southern St.
Charles County, Missouri, approximately 48.2
kilometers (30 miles) west of St. Louis along Missouri
State Route 94. The site consists of two main areas, the
Weldon Spring Chemical Plant and the Weldon Spring
Quarry.
The Weldon Spring Chemical Plant Site is an 87.8hectare (217-acre) area initially used by the U.S. Army
during the 1940s to produce the explosives
trinitrotoluene (TNT) and dinitrotoluene (DNT), and
later by the U.S. Atomic Energy Commission (AEC) [a
predecessor agency to the U.S. Department of Energy
(DOE)]to process uranium and thorium ore
concentrates. Site features included 40 buildings, four
raffinate pits, two ponds, and two former dump areas.
The plant was operated by Mallinckrodt Chemical
Company from 1957 until it was shut down in 1966.
LONG-TERM STEWARDSHIP HIGHLIGHTS
Major Long-Term Stewardship Activities - surface
water and groundwater monitoring; disposal cell
maintenance and monitoring; institutional controls;
inspections
Total Site Area- 91.4 hectares (226 acres)
Estimated Volume of Residual Contaminants -
engineered unit 1.13 million cubic meters (1.48 million
cubic yards); groundwater 85,000 cubic meters
(110,000 cubic yards)
Long-Term Stewardship Start-End Years- 2003-in
perpetuity
Portions in Long-Term Stewardship as of 2006 - 2
Average Annual Long-Term Stewardship Cost FY
2003-2006- $1,006,000
Landlord- U.S. Department of Energy, Grand
Junction Office (beginning in 2003)
The Weldon Spring Site Quarry is a 3.6-hectare (nine-acre) limestone quarry located 6.5 kilometers (four miles)
southwest of the chemical plant area. Historically, the site was used to dispose of manufacturing wastes and
contaminated process residues from TNT and DNT production at the chemical plant, as well as radiologically
contaminated wastes generated from processing uranium and thorium ores. Building rubble also was disposed
of at the quarry after decommissioning of the explosives production facilities at the chemical plant site. The
quarry is surrounded by the Weldon Spring Conservation Area. The Katy Trail State Park (Katy Trail) passes
just south of the quarry. The St. Charles County well field is located southeast of the quarry between the Femme
Osage Slough and the Missouri River. Groundwater for the quarry area lies between the quarry proper and the
St. Charles County well field.
The Weldon Spring Remedial Action Project began in 1985. DOE is the current owner of the site and is
responsible for conducting all site activities. Remediation of vicinity properties has been completed, and
remediation of the quarry site and the chemical plant site is expected to be completed by 2002, after which the
only ongoing mission at the Weldon Spring Site will be performing long-term stewardship activities. Long-term
stewardship activities will be the responsibility of DOE.
1.2
Site Cleanup and Accomplishments
The sources of contamination at the Weldon Spring Site were the wastes and residues generated by explosives
production and uranium and thorium processing operations. Completed remedial activities include the removal
of 110,000 cubic meters (144,000 cubic yards) of bulk waste from the quarry site, removal and treatment of
contaminated water from the quarry, power washing and sealing rock fractures, and removal of residual
radioactive materials from 17 vicinity properties. The vicinity properties, with the exception of the Southeast
Drainage and the Frog Pond Outlet, were remediated to standards that are appropriate for unrestricted use and
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22. National Defense Authorization Act (NOAA) Long-Term Stewardship Report
do not require long-term stewardship activities. The Southeast Drainage area was excavated to remove
contaminated soil and sediment from 55 locations along the length of the drainage to levels considered protective
under a "modified residential/child recreational" scenario. Soils exceeding the uranium cleanup criteria remain
beneath the Frog Pond Outlet area. A risk assessment incorporating both recreational and industrial worker
scenarios determined that potential risk levels fell within the acceptable range set by the Environmental
Protection Agency.
Weldon Spring
Chemical Plant
..
To StLouis, MO
(-30miles)
Weldon Spring Site
Reclamation of the chemical plant site included: the demolition of all site buildings; excavation of contaminated
soil from former onsite disposal areas and building locations; dredging raffinate pit sludge and subsequent
treatment by chemical stabilization and solidification; and dredging sediment from ponds and some vicinity
properties. Wastes were disposed of in a 17-hectare (42-acre) disposal cell, which was constructed with a double
liner and leachate collection system and a multi-layered cap to minimize radon emissions and prevent infiltration
of water and intrusion by plants and animals. Approximately 1,132,000 cubic meters (1,480,000 cubic yards)
of radioactive and chemical wastes, contaminated soils, sediment, and debris were disposed of in the Weldon
Spring Site disposal cell. DOE anticipates the disposal cell will be completed and capped in 2002.
Contaminated groundwater remains beneath the chemical plant area of the site, primarily in the western and
southwestern portions of the site. Contaminants to the southwest include trichloroethene (TCE), uranium, nitrate
and nitroaromatic compounds (2,4-DNT; 2,6-DNT; 2,4,6-TNT and 2,6-DNT). Groundwater in the western
portion of the site contains nitrate; 2,4-DNT and 2,6-DNT. Nitroaromatic contamination is also present to a
lesser extent on the eastern portion of the site, east of the chemical plant in one offsite well (uranium) as well
as in two small, noncontiguous areas to the northeast (nitrate; 2,6-DNT; 2,4,6-TNT and 1,3,5-DNB).
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23. Weldon Spring Site
Burgermeister Spring is routinely monitored for uranium and nitrate, while two springs located within the
Southeast Drainage area are currently monitored for uranium and nitroaromatic compounds.
2.0
SITE-WIDE LONG-TERM STEWARDSHIP
2.1
Site-Wide Long-Term Stewardship Activities
Because of the contamination resulting from past
operations, long-term stewardship activities will be
required at the Weldon Spring Site. These activities will
include maintaining restrictions on groundwater use,
land use, and site access, and monitoring groundwater
and surface water. Long-term stewardship activities also
will include monitoring and maintaining the disposal cell
and operating the disposal cell leachate collection
system.
LONG-TERM STEWARDSHIP GOALS
Maintain restrictions on groundwater use, land use,
and site access; and monitor groundwater and smface
water for continued protection of human health and
the environment.
All records related to implementation of the long-term monitoring and maintenance plan for the Weldon Spring
Site will be maintained in permanent site files in accordance with archival procedures set forth in Federal
property management regulations. An annual report will be developed to summarize, describe, and evaluate all
monitoring and maintenance actions conducted at the Weldon Spring Site, including annual site inspections,
groundwater and surface water monitoring, any corrective actions, and any other activities conducted in
conjunction with the long-term operations, surveillance, and maintenance of the site. The annual reports will be
included in permanent files stored onsite, and will be available for review by affected regulatory agencies and
other stakeholders. Public or small group meetings may be held following distribution of the annual reports,
based on level of interest.
Institutional Controls
Institutional controls for the quarry site include
STAKEHOWER INVOLVEMENT
restrictions on groundwater use, as well as restrictions
on land use in the vicinity of the quarry site to
Public involvement with the Weldon Spring Site is
recreational uses. Institutional controls at the chemical
conducted in accordance with the requirements of the
plant site include access restrictions to the leachate
Comprehensive Environmental Compensation,
Response, and Liability Act (CERCLA) and DOE and
sump system and land use restrictions outside of the
EPA public involvement guidelines. The Weldon
perimeter road. The chemical plant area outside of the
Spring Citizens Commission was established in
perimeter road remains under DOE control and is being
January 1995 to serve as a monitoring committee and
revegetated with native grasses and plant species. Postcommunications link between DOE and St. Charles
closure land use restrictions for the chemical plant are
County citizens and elected county officials.
required to preserve the final grading patterns of the
site, which provide erosion control and prevent any
drainage back towards the disposal cell. Institutional controls are also required to protect and maintain access
to monitoring wells. Institutional controls are necessary in the vicinity of the quarry site to prevent groundwater
use that would be inconsistent with recreational use, contribute to groundwater contaminant migration, or restrict
municipal access to groundwater for domestic usage. For the Southeast Drainage, the existing easement
agreement with the Missouri Department of Conservation will be modified to impose restrictions on future land
use in order to ensure that no private development occurs within the drainage proper.
Some surface water monitoring sites and monitoring wells used for groundwater monitoring are not located on
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24. National Defense Authorization Act (NOAA) Long-Term Stewardship Report
DOE-controlled land, but are located on either the adjacent U.S. Army Weldon Spring Training Area or the
Missouri Department of Conservation property. Access agreements are in place between DOE, the U.S. Army,
and the Missouri Department of Conservation regarding access to these wells and will be maintained, as required,
based on long-term monitoring needs.
2.2
Regulatory Regime
Long-term stewardship activities at the Weldon Spring Site will begin in 2003. A Memorandum of
Understanding between DOE and the U.S. Army resulted in transfer of the ownership of the Weldon Spring Site
to DOE in 1985. The quarry site was placed on the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA's) National
Priorities List in 1987, and the remainder of the site was placed on the National Priorities List in 1989.
Remediation of the quarry site was completed in 1996, in accordance with the Record of Decision for the
Management of Bulk Wastes at the Weldon Spring Quarry, and the Record of Decision for Remedial Action for
the Quarry Residuals Operable Unit under the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and
Liability Act (CERCLA) under the supervision of EPA and the State of Missouri. Remediation of the chemical
plant site is being conducted in accordance with the 1993 Chemical Plant Record of Decision and Record of
Decision for the Chemical Plant Groundwater Operable Unit (anticipated to be issued in 2000) under CERCLA.
Requirements for surveillance and maintenance of the engineered disposal cell, long-term monitoring of
groundwater and surface water, and maintenance of institutional controls at the quarry and chemical plant sites
are established in these Records of Decision (RODs).
Section 120 of CERCLA requires the negotiation of a legally binding Federal Facilities Agreement between
agencies (i.e., DOE and EPA). This agreement establishes timetables, procedures, and documentation for the
remedial action. Under the CERCLA process, a ROD formally documents the selection of a preferred remedial
alternative. The ROD is a legally enforceable document that ensures all components of the remedial action are
implemented. Once issued, the ROD is incorporated into the Federal Facilities Agreement; therefore, any
physical or institutional controls specified in the ROD will be enforceable through the Federal Facilities
Agreement.
Three RODs have been signed for both the chemical plant area and quarry area. The Quarry Residuals Operable
Unit (OU) ROD and the Chemical Plant OU ROD specify long-term monitoring activities as a portion of the
selected remedy. The ROD for the quarry also discusses implementation of institutional controls as a component
of the cleanup action. The ROD for the chemical plant states that any institutional controls pertinent to the future
use of the property, such as restrictions on the use of land or groundwater, will be deferred until the final remedy
for groundwater is determined.
In addition to CERCLA, long-term stewardship activities at the Weldon Spring Site will be governed by several
regulations, including the Atomic Energy Act of 1954, as amended; EPA groundwater protection standards,
including Subparts B and C of the Code ofFederal Regulations; and cooperative agreements with the U.S. Army,
EPA, and the State of Missouri.
2.3
Assumptions and Uncertainties
Assumptions for the Weldon Spring Site are generally that the final site remediation and long-term stewardship
activities will be conducted in accordance with the CERCLA RODs for the quarry and chemical plant sites.
Uncertainties are addressed through contingency plans developed for the site. These plans address such issues
as disposal cell cover settlement, biointrusion, surface erosion, changes in leachate flow rates, and potential
migration of contaminants in the vicinity of the St. Charles County wellfield.
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25. Weldon Spring Site
2.4
Estimated Site-Wide Long-Term Stewardship Costs
Long-term stewardship cost estimates for the Weldon Spring Site, identified in the table below, were based on
a detailed long-term surveillance and maintenance cost estimate developed by the Weldon Spring Remedial
Action Project. These estimates and were reviewed by DOE's Grand Junction Office.
...
,,
·.· .J .... · .......... ·'···· . . :. ·.• ' .•. '.''·'
;
. Year(s)
·.··I·;
I
~ite lj.tJ.ng~Term Stewardship
...
. . ·.·.
L ·:.·
..
··Arnmtpt
. Year(s)
.....:
i ·.
.
:
.
Costs (CiJ~J.stan(Yeat 2009 J)Qllars)
./
..
Amount . ·• •.. I:
::Year(s)
..·
Amount
FY 2000
$0
FY2008
$1,005,589
FY 2036-2040
$5,027,945
FY 2001
$0
FY 2009
$1,005,589
FY 2041-2045
$5,027,945
FY 2002
$0
FY 2010
$1,005,589
FY 2046-2050
$5,027,945
FY 2003
$1,005,589
FY 2011-2015
$5,027,945
FY 2051-2055
$5,027,945
FY2004
$1,005,589
FY 2016-2020
$5,027,945
FY 2056-2060
$5,027,945
FY 2005
$1,005,589
FY 2021-2025
$5,027,945
FY 2061-2065
$5,027,945
FY 2006
$1,005,589
FY 2026-2030
$5,027,945
FY 2066-2070
$5,027,945
FY 2007
$1,005,589
FY 2031-2035
$5,027,945
3.0
PORTION OVERVIEW
The Weldon Spring Site's long-term stewardship activities will be performed at two portions of the site: the
chemical plant site portion and the quarry groundwater portion. For the purposes of this report, a "portion" is
a geographically contiguous and distinct area (which may involve residually contaminated facilities, engineered
units, soil, groundwater, an/or surface water/sediment) for which cleanup, disposal, or stabilization will have
been completed and long-term stewardship activities will be required as of 2006. These areas were reported as
separate portions because they are 6.5 kilometers (four miles) apart, and because of their varying contamination
and cleanup requirements. DOE conducted the active cleanup of these areas as separate operable units.
fung::/.fl!fm Stewardship
Start·.Year
Chemical Plant
2003
In perpetuity
Quarry Groundwater
2003
In perpetuity
3.1
Weldon Spring Chemical Plant Site Portion
The Weldon Spring Chemical Plant site portion consists of 87.8 hectares (217 acres) and operated as the Weldon
Spring Uranium Feed Materials Plant until 1966. The plant converted uranium concentrates to uranium
tetrafluoride and uranium metal. Thorium, also a radioactive metal, was processed at the plant. Residues from
the processing operations were disposed in four large open raffinate pits that consisted of four settling basins
covering 10.5 hectares (26 acres). The pits were radiologically contaminated with uranium and thorium residues,
and chemical contaminants, including nitrate, fluoride, polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs ), and heavy metals. The
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26. National Defense Authorization Act (NDAA) Long-Term Stewardship Report
site also had two ponds: Ash Pond and Frog Pond.
During plant operations from 1957 to 1966, the plant,
buildings, equipment, soil surface, sewer system, and
drainage into the Missouri River became contaminated
with uranium and thorium and their decay products.
The buildings were contaminated with asbestos, hazardous
chemical substances, uranium, and thorium. After site
reclamation activities, the groundwater and engineered
disposal cell will require long-term stewardship
activities.
WEWON SPRING CHEMICAL PLANT SITE
HIGHLIGHTS
Major Long-Term Stewardship Activities- site
inspections; groundwater monitoring; institutional
controls
Portion Size- 87.8 hectares (217 acres)
Estimated Volume of:Residual Contaminantsengineered units 1.13 million cubic meters (1.48
million cubic yards); groundwater unknown
Long-Term Stewardship Start-End Years- 2003-in
perpetuity
Long-term stewardship activities for the chemical plant
Average Annual Long-Term Stewardship Cost FY
site portion will include leachate management, site
2003-2006- $671,000
inspections, groundwater monitoring, lab analyses,
record-keeping, and report preparation in accordance
with the CERCLA RODs for both the chemical plant site and associated groundwater area. After remediation
is complete, the final chemical plant site area will consist of the disposal cell, a leachate sump located to the north
of the cell, and the perimeter access road. The land outside the perimeter road will remain under DOE control
and will be revegetated with native grasses and plant species. At some point in the future, portions of this
property may be permitted for use by other agencies, provided this use is consistent with land use restrictions and
requirements.
Two buildings will remain at the chemical plant - the main administration building and the access control
building. The administration building will be leased to Francis Howell School District for expansion of their
administrative offices. Building maintenance and utilities upkeep will be the responsibilities of the school
district. The access control building will house the Weldon Spring Site Interpretive Center. With the exception
of the leachate sump, there will be no access restrictions around the disposal cell.
3.1.1
Groundwater
Contaminated groundwater, approximately 14 hectares (35 acres), remains beneath the chemical plant area of
the site, primarily in the western and southwestern portions of the site. The chemical plant area is located on the
Missouri-Mississippi River surface drainage divide. The northern and western portions of the site drain to
tributaries flowing into the Mississippi River, while the southern portion of the site generally flows to the
southeast drainage area tributary, which flows to the Missouri River. A similar groundwater divide transects the
southern portion of the site, with groundwater from the southern portion of the site flowing towards the
Mississippi River, and groundwater from the north and western portions flowing towards the Missouri. The
Burgermeister Spring provides a localized point of emergence for groundwater flowing from the western and
northern portions of the site.
The disposal cell groundwater monitoring system consists of five monitoring wells (four downgradient and one
upgradient of the Burgermeister Spring). The system is designed to provide long-term monitoring of the disposal
cell in compliance with the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) groundwater monitoring standard
detailed in Title 40 of the Code of Federal Regulations, Part 264, Subpart F, and State regulation 10 CSR 257.264(2)(F). The system monitors groundwater quality in the shallow aquifer.
Standard operating procedures will be developed for monitoring well installation and development, water
sampling, sample preservation and transport, field procedures, and chain of custody. All aspects of groundwater
monitoring will be conducted in accordance with these procedures. The standard operating procedures are based
Missouri
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27. Weldon Spring Site
on industry standards, "best management" practices, and EPA guidance.
Details regarding implementation of the long-term monitoring program for groundwater at the chemical plant
site will be developed once the groundwater ROD is finalized.
~
0
Groundwater Contamination
.lOO
1,000
Feet
Interpretive
Center
Weldon Spring Chemical Plant
Groundwater Long-Term Stewardship Activities
Long-term stewardship activities for the disposal cell groundwater monitoring system include contaminant
detection monitoring, which will be conducted on a semi-annual basis for all compliance wells and Burgermeister
Spring. DOE anticipates that if contaminant concentrations decrease over time and the disposal cell performance
measures remain stable for a period of 30 years, the compliance monitoring program may be discontinued. If
trends indicate an upward movement in contaminant concentrations, necessitating corrective actions for the cell,
the program may be extended past the 30-year period, based upon discussion between DOE and the EPA. Long
term stewardship activities for the site groundwater portion will be developed once the groundwater ROD is
finalized.
3.1.2
Engineered Units
The disposal cell is the only remaining facility on the chemical plant portion that contains contaminated materials
and requires long-term stewardship activities. The cell encompasses 17 hectares (42 acres). The cell was
constructed with a double liner, a leachate collection system, and a multi-layered cap to minimize radon
Missouri
25
28. National Defense Authorization Act (NOAA) Long-Term Stewardship Report
emissions and prevent infiltration of water and intrusion by plants and animals. Approximately 1.13 million
cubic meters (1.48 million cubic yards) of radioactive and chemical waste, and contaminated soil, sediment and
debris are disposed of in the Weldon Spring Site disposal cell. DOE anticipates that the disposal cell will be
completed and capped in 2002.
Engineered Unit Long-Term Stewardship Activities
Visual inspections of the disposal cell will be conducted on an annual basis. The inspection results will be
recorded in the site maintenance log. Photographs will be taken, as necessary, to document changing site
conditions. Annual inspections will continue for the first five years following closure of the disposal cell. If no
changes are evident after this five-year time frame, inspections may be decreased as deemed appropriate.
3.1.3
Estimated Long-Term Stewardship Costs for Chemical Plant (Disposal Cell and Site
Groundwater)
·.
FY:ZOOOF¥2010
$5,370,656
3.2
FY2011I!Y20ZO
$6,713,320
.··.
.
·.
.
.
.
.
.i
Long~Term.Stewardship Costs (ConstantYear2000 J)orlars)
·FY2021FYZ030
$6,713,320
.. FY2031 ~
FY2040
$6,713,320
FY2041FY20SO
$6,713,320
FY~o5J • .
FY2Q60
$6,713,320
..
FY2061.~
F¥2070
Estimated
Total
$6,713,320
$45,650,576
Quarry Groundwater Portion
The Weldon Spring Site quarry is a 3.6-hectare (nineQUARRY GROUNDWATER HIGHLIGHTS
acre) limestone quarry located 6.5 kilometers (four
miles) southwest of the chemical plant area. This site
Major Long-Term Stewardship Activities- inspections;
was historically used for disposal of manufacturing
groundwater monitoring; institutional controls
waste created during the ordnance works activities,
Portion Size- 3.6 hectares (9 acres)
Estimated Volume of Residual Contaminants contaminated process residue and building rubble from
groundwater 85,000 cubic meters (110,000 cubic
the decommissioning of the ordnance works, and
yards)
radiologically contaminated wastes from the chemical
Long-Term Stewardship Start-End Years- 2003-in
plant area processing activities. No direct surface water
perpetuity
runoff enters or exits the quarry due to the topography
Average Annual Long-Term Stewardship Cost FY
of the area. Prior to remediation, a small (0.082003-2006- $334,000
hectare/0.2-acre) pond within the quarry proper acted as
a sump to accumulate both direct rainfall and
groundwater. Groundwater in the area is located within both alluvial and bedrock aquifer systems, and flows
towards the Missouri River.
3.2.1
Groundwater
Approximately 110,000 cubic meters (144,000 cubic yards) of soil and waste material were removed from the
quarry and transported to the chemical plant area as part of the remedial action stipulated in the CERCLA ROD
for the management of the bulk wastes at the Weldon Spring Site quarry. Bulk waste removal was completed
in October 1995. These wastes were staged in the Temporary Storage Area and were subsequently placed in the
disposal cell in 1999. Rock fractures were power washed and sealed, to the extent practicable, to assist in
removing residual contamination. Contaminated water contained in the quarry pond was also removed and treated
through the quarry site water treatment plant. Quarry restoration is scheduled for completion in 2001.
Restoration activities include demolition of the water treatment plant and other facilities used during bulk waste
Missouri
26
29. Weldon Spring Site
removal, as well as backfilling of the quarry proper.
The ROD for the quarry identified long-term monitoring and institutional controls on groundwater usage as a
component of the selected remedy. For uranium levels in the groundwater to the north of the Femme Osage
Slough, the potential estimated risk is greater than the acceptable risk range of 10-6 to 10-4 • Both uranium and
2,4-DNT are being monitored in this area. South of the slough, uranium levels are within background ranges, and
will continue to be monitored to ensure that levels remain protective.
As part of the remedial investigation/feasibility study process, risk assessments for both radiological and
chemical contaminants were conducted on surface waters and sediment from the upper and lower reaches of the
Femme Osage Slough, Little Femme Osage Creek, and downstream portions of the Femme Osage Creek. Results
indicated that, under a recreational scenario, the potential risk for the slough and creeks is within or below the
acceptable risk range of 1o-6 to 1o-4 and no further actions were warranted.
Quarry Groundwater Portion
Groundwater Long-Term Stewardship Activities
Contaminated groundwater north of the Femme Osage Slough was addressed as part of the Quarry remedial
action. The St. Charles County well field is in close proximity to the area south of the slough. Monitoring of
groundwater south of the slough will be conducted to ensure that residual contamination remains at levels deemed
protective of human health and the environment.
Institutional controls for the groundwater north of the slough are necessary to prevent uses inconsistent with
Missouri
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30. National Defense Authorization Act (NOAA) Long-Tenn Stewardship Report
recreational uses, or that would adversely affect contaminant migration. DOE, the Missouri Department of
Conservation, and the Missouri Department of Natural Resources will establish a deed restriction that outlines
the terms of an agreement to limit access to groundwater north of the slough for irrigation, consumption, or use
as a surface water source. The terms of the agreement will be reviewed as part of each DOE five-year review
cycle under CERCLA.
Once the long-term groundwater monitoring program is established for this operable unit, long-term stewardship
activities will be defined, as appropriate. DOE will be responsible for groundwater monitoring activities. Access
agreements are in place between the Missouri Department of Conservation and DOE to allow long-term access
to the quarry monitoring well network.
3.2.2
Estimated Long-Term Stewardship Costs for Quarry Groundwater
Long-Term Stewardship Costs (Constant Year 2000 l)oP,rs)
F¥2000F¥2010
$2,674,056
4.0
F¥2011F¥2020
$3,342,570
F¥2021F¥2030
F¥2031F¥2040
F¥2041- · . ·
F¥2050
F¥20~1- ..
!X2~6o .
$3,342,570
$3,342,570
$3,342,570
$3,342,570
FY2061F¥2070
Estimated
Total
$3,342,570
$22,729,476
FUTURE USES
A 17 -hectare (42-acre) disposal cell will remain onsite in the chemical plant area. The disposal cell is accessible
to the public and there are no access restrictions, except for the leachate sump. The chemical plant site area that
is not occupied by the disposal cell, or otherwise required to be retained by DOE to perform long-term
stewardship activities, will be released, as appropriate, subject to future land use restrictions. Currently, DOE
anticipates that future land use of the chemical plant site outside of the perimeter road will include a combination
of open space, recreational, and controlled access areas. DOE anticipates that the quarry site could be released
to a Federal or state agency for recreational use. Final decisions concerning the future uses of the Weldon Spring
Site will be based on the CERCLA five-year review process and the long-term monitoring requirements for
groundwater at the site.
For additional information about the Weldon Spring Site, please contact:
Thomas Pauling, Environmental Engineer
U.S. Department of Energy, Weldon Spring Site Remedial Action Project
7295 Highway 94 South
St. Charles, MO, 63304
Phone: 636-441-8978
or visit the Internet website at http://www.em.doe.gov/wssrap
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31. Westlake Disposal Site
WESTLAKE DISPOSAL SITE1
1.0
SITE SUMMARY
1.1
Site Description and Mission
The Westlake Disposal Site is located near the city of
St. Louis, Missouri, along the floodplain of the
Missouri River and adjacent to agricultural land. The
81-hectare (200-acre) site has been used since 1962 for
disposing of municipal refuse, industrial solid and
liquid wastes, and construction demolition debris.
SITE HIGHliGHTS
Total Site Area- 81 hectares (200 acres)
Reason Not Subject to NDAA Requirements -DOE is
not expected to be responsible for long-term
stewardship at the site
From 1939 to 1985, limestone was quarried on the site.
Beginning in 1962, portions of the property were used for disposing of solid and liquid industrial wastes,
municipal refuse, and construction debris. In 1973, Cotter Corporation disposed of over 4 7,000 tons of uranium
ore processing residues mixed with soil in two areas covering a total of 6 hectares ( 16 acres) of the site.
1.2
Site Cleanup and Accomplishments
Due to these past disposal practices, radioactive contaminants (e.g., uranium) have been found in the soil and in
groundwater beneath the site. Potential contaminant pathways exist for people who come into direct contact with
or ingest contaminated groundwater or soil.
In 1976, the Missouri Department of Natural Resources (MDNR) closed the unregulated landfill. Since that time,
MDNR had issued several permits for various portions of the 200-acre site. In 1990, an operating sanitary
landfill had a permitted area of 52 acres (21 hectares), and an operating demolition landfill had a permitted area
of 22 acres (9 hectares).
After listing the site on U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA) National Priorities List, the EPA
completed a preliminary study and determined that no immediate actions were necessary at the Westlake Disposal
Site while site studies were underway. A radiological survey conducted for the Nuclear Regulatory Commission
(NRC) in 1981 and 1982 documented radioactive wastes on site. Property adjacent to the landfill was
investigated in 1990, which identified radiological contamination that migrated from the landfill. Results indicate
that large volumes of uranium ore residues, probably originating from the Hazelwood, Missouri, Latty A venue
site (DOE-leased property), have been buried at the Westlake Disposal Site. Two areas of contamination,
covering more than 6 hectares (15 acres) and located at depths of up to 6 meters (20 feet) below the present
surface, have been identified. There is no indication that significant quantities of contaminants are moving offsite
1
This report is developed in response to a Congressional request in the Fiscal Year (FY) 2000 National
Defense Authorization Act (NDAA). As requested by the Act, this report addresses current and anticipated longterm stewardship activities at each site or portion of a site by the end of calendar year 2006 ("Conference Report on
S.1059, National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2000," Congressional Record, August 5, 1999).
Based on current planning, the U.S. Department of Energy is not expected to be responsible for the long-term
stewardship activities at the Westlake Disposal Site. However, since DOE sent waste to the disposal site and DOE
was identified as a potentially responsible party, a description of the site and possible long-term stewardship
responsibilities are included. (See Section 2.1.2 of Volume I).
Missouri
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32. National Defense Authorization Act (NOAA) Long-Term Stewardship Report
at this time.
However, in 1990, an
estimated 60 people obtained drinking water
from private wells within three miles of the
site.
Studies are still being conducted to explore
the nature and extent of contamination. The
information will be used to identify the best
cleanup strategy for the radiologic
contaminants at the site and for the chemical
contamination from the landfill.
2.0
EXPECTED FUTURE USES AND SITE
RESPONSIBILITY
The Westlake Disposal Site is being
addressed through Federal and potentially
responsible parties' actions. It is possible
that a portion of the radioactive waste
disposed in the Westlake landfill was from
the Latty Avenue Properties, a 4.6-hectare
(11.6-acre), DOE-leased property used for
interim storage of materials removed from
vicinity properties.
However, DOE's
responsibility for both remediation and
long-term stewardship activities as well as
financial commitments have yet to be
determined.
10
Miles
Westlake Disposal Site
For additional information about the Westlake Disposal Site, please contact:
the Environmental Protection Agency's Internet website at
http://www .epa. gov/region07 /programs/spfd/nplfacts/westlake landfill. pdf
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30