Attached are notes and a power point for a 23 hour class on the Book of Hebrews given by Dr. John Oakes recently in Manila, Philippines. The recordings are now available in the ARS store.
Attached are notes and a power point for a 23 hour class on the Book of Hebrews given by Dr. John Oakes recently in Manila, Philippines. The recordings are now available in the ARS store.
In Christian circles the issue of Bible translations is often viewed as too confusing to really come to any solid conclusions. Among conservatives, such as in the Seventh-day Adventist denomination, the issue is a very hot topic, rather tending toward a dogma of the KJV. This presentation seeks to clarify the true issues; hopefully leading to a rational, well-founded perspective.
In Christian circles the issue of Bible translations is often viewed as too confusing to really come to any solid conclusions. Among conservatives, such as in the Seventh-day Adventist denomination, the issue is a very hot topic, rather tending toward a dogma of the KJV. This presentation seeks to clarify the true issues; hopefully leading to a rational, well-founded perspective.
Chapter Tw oThe Emergence o f Feminist Theological ConscioJinElias52
Chapter Tw o
The Emergence o f Feminist Theological Consciousness
H er personal encounter with God is denounced as heretical or hysterical:
if the first, she is figuratively burnt at the stake; if the second, people
hasten to find her a husband.
Marianne Katoppo (Indonesia)
In 1979 Marianne Katoppo, an award-winning novelist and theolo-
gian from Indonesia, published the first book o f Asian feminist theology
in English. Entitled Compassionate and Free, the volume criticized patri-
archal religion and society and called for a life-giving theology that
affirms women’s dignity (Katoppo 1979). In 1991 the global Christian
Church was stunned w hen a young feminist theologian from Korea
gave a moving and powerful keynote address at the seventh assembly of
the World Council of Churches. After invoking the spirits o f the people
who had died in Hiroshima and Nagasaki, in the gas chambers o f the
Holocaust, in Kwang-ju, Tiananmen Square, and Lithuania, Chung
Hyun Kyung began her address with a shamanistic ritual that involved
burning a scroll (Chung 1991; 37-47).
Chung’s presentation demonstrated the need for a paradigmatic shift
in doing theology, as she analyzed the multiple oppression o f women
living under sexism, classism and neocolonialism from an Asian perspec-
tive. She freely employed both indigenous rituals and Asian philosophi-
cal themes and cultural motifs to articulate the hope and aspirations o f
Asian people. Her daring and breath-taking voice challenged many of
the established norms o f doing theology and gave an unequivocal signal
that a new women’s theology was emerging in Asia.
T h e B irth o f a N e w T h e o lo g ic a l C o n sc io u sn e ss
Chung’s provocative presentation must be understood in the wider con-
text o f the development o f feminist theological consciousness in Asia.
INTRODUCING ASIAN FEMINIST THEOLOGY26
Although in early periods Asian Christian women had reflected on their
faith, a collective, conscious attempt to do Asian feminist liberation the-
ology did not begin until the late 1970s. Since then, Asian women have
formed theological networks and organized their own theological con-
sultations to share resource materials, to stimulate creative theological
thinking and to publish their own theological writings.
For some o f the Asian women theologians, the emergence o f a femi-
nist awareness is closely related to their personal history and the suffering
in their own lives. Bom into a wealthy family, Chung Flyun Kyung was
ostracized by her affluent classmates in high school when her father sud-
denly went bankrupt and lost all the family’s possessions. Chung’s femi-
nist consciousness was heightened when she finally met with her birth
mother, who had been hidden from her for more than 30 years (Chung
1990: 1-5). For Marianne Katoppo, her experience o f being the O ther
as a Christian woman in a predominantly Muslim society prompted her
to write Compassionate and ...
Sexual Orientation Essay. Sexual orientation KS3Amanda Harris
Sexual Orientation and Gender - Free Essay Example PapersOwl.com. Sexual Orientation Essay Example Topics and Well Written Essays .... Sexual Orientation Essay Example Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 .... PDF Sexual Orientation. PDF Defining Sexual Orientation: A Proposal for a New Definition. Sexual Orientation : Expository Essay Samples AcademicHelp.net. Religious Affiliation and Sexual Orientation - 278 Words Critical .... Gender Roles Essay Essay on Gender Roles for Students and Children in .... Gender Identity amp; Sexual Orientation Essay - Free Essay Example - 912 .... Sexual orientation - essay - Title: Understanding Sexual Orientation: A .... Sexual orientation KS3. Biological Basis for Sexual Orientation - 623 Words Essay Example. Paper Example on Sexual Orientation and Gender Identity Policies in .... Essays on sexual orientation. Sexual Orientation Discussion Essay Example Topics and Well Written .... The Social Construction of Sexual Orientation Essay - 1. Sexual Orientation and Homosexuality Sexual Orientation Bisexuality. Sexual Orientation Conversion Therapy Free Essay Example. Science and Sexuality Sexual Orientation Homosexuality. A Brain Anatomy and the Sexual Orientation - 617 Words Essay Example. Gender identity and sexual orientation Essay Example Topics and Well .... Sexual Orientation on Helping Behaviors Among African American College .... Sexual orientation research 2006 to present by Josh McDowell Ministry .... PDF BiolOgical Perspectives On Sexual Orientation. BUS 3055 Examination of Sexual Orientation Discrimination Essay .... Personal response on sexuality identity essay. Hate Crimes toward Sexual Orientation - PHDessay.com. LGBTQ and Sexual Orientation - Free Essay Example PapersOwl.com. Sexual orientation Essay Example Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 .... Is there such thing as a normal sexual orientation Essay. Is Sexual Orientation Conversion Ethical Essay Example Topics and .... Sexual Orientation Research Paper Sexual Orientation Essay Sexual Orientation Essay. Sexual orientation KS3
An Invitation to the Study of World Religions Chapter 1ProfessorWatson
Exploring Chapter 1: An Invitation to the Study of World Relgions
Invitation to World Religions (2nd Edition)
Authors: Jeffrey Brodd, Layne Little, Brad Nystrom, Robert Platzner, Richard Shek, Erin Stiles
The world will not survive religion based on tribal consciousness. It will destroy the world.
But if those who arrive at what is truest from their own tradition, which transcends their own tradition, they recognize each other.
And if they would speak up, religious people could be a source for world unity and world peace.
- Thomas Merton (Writer, Poet, and Theologian)
Similar to Minjung theology presentation for contextual theology class (15)
This presentation looks at the basics of Visual Communication as it was presented to a group of United Methodist Church communicators from Harare West District
The aim is to engage the Pastors in the Murewa UMP District in conversation for the purpose of informing, inspiring and engaging them to take an active role in building a robust communications ministry at the local church.
The grand subject for the period is the incarnation message (John 1:14). In the incarnation or manifestation of Christ, a powerful dispensation is brought about – The Dispensation of Grace.
In the midst of life's challenges God takes us through a reality check of our circumstances. There are areas of our lives we would avoid but God had to usher Ezekiel through the valley of dry bones.
As God ushers you to the fields of uncertainty, all we need is to have a feeling of total dependence on God - Omniscient, omnipotent, omnibenevolent.
Nomatter the challenge we have confidence in that God's hand is upon us for power and direction
"Communication is a strategic function necessary for the success of the mission of the United Methodist Church" Book of Discipline 2012, 1806. As such this topic is aimed at bolstering the activities of the UMYF through effective communication.
Meditating on the Lord can be one of the easiest yet at the same time most difficult activities we can do to draw closer to God and grow spiritually. (James 4:8 Draw nigh to God, and he will draw nigh to you.)
This presentation seeks to explore dynamic leadership in the 21st century, and will focus on how church leaders in particular, can become purposeful in their quest to become relevant.
For the church's ministry to become effective it must recognize the importance of children within the global scope of discipleship making. The presentation focuses on unlocking or tapping talent in these young people
The Good News, newsletter for June 2024 is hereNoHo FUMC
Our monthly newsletter is available to read online. We hope you will join us each Sunday in person for our worship service. Make sure to subscribe and follow us on YouTube and social media.
Lesson 9 - Resisting Temptation Along the Way.pptxCelso Napoleon
Lesson 9 - Resisting Temptation Along the Way
SBs – Sunday Bible School
Adult Bible Lessons 2nd quarter 2024 CPAD
MAGAZINE: THE CAREER THAT IS PROPOSED TO US: The Path of Salvation, Holiness and Perseverance to Reach Heaven
Commentator: Pastor Osiel Gomes
Presentation: Missionary Celso Napoleon
Renewed in Grace
Exploring the Mindfulness Understanding Its Benefits.pptxMartaLoveguard
Slide 1: Title: Exploring the Mindfulness: Understanding Its Benefits
Slide 2: Introduction to Mindfulness
Mindfulness, defined as the conscious, non-judgmental observation of the present moment, has deep roots in Buddhist meditation practice but has gained significant popularity in the Western world in recent years. In today's society, filled with distractions and constant stimuli, mindfulness offers a valuable tool for regaining inner peace and reconnecting with our true selves. By cultivating mindfulness, we can develop a heightened awareness of our thoughts, feelings, and surroundings, leading to a greater sense of clarity and presence in our daily lives.
Slide 3: Benefits of Mindfulness for Mental Well-being
Practicing mindfulness can help reduce stress and anxiety levels, improving overall quality of life.
Mindfulness increases awareness of our emotions and teaches us to manage them better, leading to improved mood.
Regular mindfulness practice can improve our ability to concentrate and focus our attention on the present moment.
Slide 4: Benefits of Mindfulness for Physical Health
Research has shown that practicing mindfulness can contribute to lowering blood pressure, which is beneficial for heart health.
Regular meditation and mindfulness practice can strengthen the immune system, aiding the body in fighting infections.
Mindfulness may help reduce the risk of chronic diseases such as type 2 diabetes and obesity by reducing stress and improving overall lifestyle habits.
Slide 5: Impact of Mindfulness on Relationships
Mindfulness can help us better understand others and improve communication, leading to healthier relationships.
By focusing on the present moment and being fully attentive, mindfulness helps build stronger and more authentic connections with others.
Mindfulness teaches us how to be present for others in difficult times, leading to increased compassion and understanding.
Slide 6: Mindfulness Techniques and Practices
Focusing on the breath and mindful breathing can be a simple way to enter a state of mindfulness.
Body scan meditation involves focusing on different parts of the body, paying attention to any sensations and feelings.
Practicing mindful walking and eating involves consciously focusing on each step or bite, with full attention to sensory experiences.
Slide 7: Incorporating Mindfulness into Daily Life
You can practice mindfulness in everyday activities such as washing dishes or taking a walk in the park.
Adding mindfulness practice to daily routines can help increase awareness and presence.
Mindfulness helps us become more aware of our needs and better manage our time, leading to balance and harmony in life.
Slide 8: Summary: Embracing Mindfulness for Full Living
Mindfulness can bring numerous benefits for physical and mental health.
Regular mindfulness practice can help achieve a fuller and more satisfying life.
Mindfulness has the power to change our perspective and way of perceiving the world, leading to deeper se
Why is this So? ~ Do Seek to KNOW (English & Chinese).pptxOH TEIK BIN
A PowerPoint Presentation based on the Dhamma teaching of Kamma-Vipaka (Intentional Actions-Ripening Effects).
A Presentation for developing morality, concentration and wisdom and to spur us to practice the Dhamma diligently.
The texts are in English and Chinese.
The PBHP DYC ~ Reflections on The Dhamma (English).pptxOH TEIK BIN
A PowerPoint Presentation based on the Dhamma Reflections for the PBHP DYC for the years 1993 – 2012. To motivate and inspire DYC members to keep on practicing the Dhamma and to do the meritorious deed of Dhammaduta work.
The texts are in English.
For the Video with audio narration, comments and texts in English, please check out the Link:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zF2g_43NEa0
What Should be the Christian View of Anime?Joe Muraguri
We will learn what Anime is and see what a Christian should consider before watching anime movies? We will also learn a little bit of Shintoism religion and hentai (the craze of internet pornography today).
HANUMAN STORIES: TIMELESS TEACHINGS FOR TODAY’S WORLDLearnyoga
Hanuman Stories: Timeless Teachings for Today’s World" delves into the inspiring tales of Hanuman, highlighting lessons of devotion, strength, and selfless service that resonate in modern life. These stories illustrate how Hanuman's unwavering faith and courage can guide us through challenges and foster resilience. Through these timeless narratives, readers can find profound wisdom to apply in their daily lives.
In Jude 17-23 Jude shifts from piling up examples of false teachers from the Old Testament to a series of practical exhortations that flow from apostolic instruction. He preserves for us what may well have been part of the apostolic catechism for the first generation of Christ-followers. In these instructions Jude exhorts the believer to deal with 3 different groups of people: scoffers who are "devoid of the Spirit", believers who have come under the influence of scoffers and believers who are so entrenched in false teaching that they need rescue and pose some real spiritual risk for the rescuer. In all of this Jude emphasizes Jesus' call to rescue straying sheep, leaving the 99 safely behind and pursuing the 1.
2 Peter 3: Because some scriptures are hard to understand and some will force them to say things God never intended, Peter warns us to take care.
https://youtu.be/nV4kGHFsEHw
Minjung theology presentation for contextual theology class
1. United Theological College
Contextual Theology Group Presentation
Taurai Emmanuel Maforo, Nyevero Musekiwa, Simbai Dzibakwi(Kasambira), Martha Mberi, and
Dorothy Machedye(Mumvuma)
2. Presentation Outline
Topic
1
Introduction
2
Definition of terms
3
Origins
4
Two distinct features of Minjung Theology – Han and Dan
5
The Korean Political Context
6
Central Theme of Minjung Theology
7
Concern of Minjung theology
8
Minjung theology and the Bible
9
Minjung as an expression of the Holy Spirit
10
Conclusion
3. 1. Introduction
Minjung theology is born out of reflective questions and
resultantly finds a unique understanding of Christ and
how to follow Him faithfully. In other words in their quest
to get answers they constructed a local theology
presenting a radical view of the portrait of Christ – a
radical re-reading of the Christology of the Kerygma.
Questions they needed to deal with were:
a. How do you find the hope for freedom after centuries of
oppression from four different world powers?
b. Is freedom and peace a state of utopia?
c. What spark is there to transform the pain that you feel
within and the emptiness of the world around you?
•
5. Aim of Presentation
This presentation is thus aimed
at laying bare the meaning of
Minjung, both as a people and
a theology together with their
interpretation of the gospel
message. In the process we
shall explore the two distinct
features of Minjung which are
HAN and DAN.
7. Minjung
○ It is a Korean word, but it is a
combination of two Chinese
characters “min” and “jung”.
○ “Min” may be translated as
“people” and,
○ “jung” as “the mass”
8. ○ Tong H. Moon, one of Minjung
theologians, defines the meaning of
"Minjung" in this way : "The term came to
be used first during the Yi dynasty (18921910) when the common people were
oppressed by Yangban class, the ruling
class of the time ...
○ At that time anyone who was excluded
from the Yangban class was a Minjung.
○ During the Japanese occupation (19101945), most Koreans were reduced to
Minjung status except for a small group
who collaborated with the Japanese
imperialists.
9. The Minjung are those people who have
suffered from: Exploitation, poverty; sociopolitical oppression, and cultural repression
throughout the ages.
They know the pain of dehumanization.
Their lives; have been rooted in the age-old
experience of suffering and the present
experience of it.
They have been treated as non-beings by
their rulers. Yet they have not given in but
resisted the oppression of their rulers. They
have suffered for changing Korea into a' just
nation.
11. Proletariat
But the meaning of the Minjung cannot be
consumed by the term the proletariat.
The Minjung is not a strictly economic
term.
It is rather a political term.
It emphasizes the Minjung as the actor of
the society and history.
The Minjung seek their liberation in their
concrete historical context.
12. Citizens
However, the citizen is distinct from the
Minjung.
While the Minjung do not enjoy at present
time the full and substantial participatory
membership in the society, the citizen by its
definition enjoys the full membership of the
society and country.
The Minjung may be citizens, but they are at
most nominal citizens. They are citizens only
by name, not in a substantial sense.
13. Nation
Although the Korean nation has suffered
for a long time, within the nation the
Minjung have suffered more by both
external (foreign) and internal rulers.
Ahn Byung-Mu stated that in the Korean
history there had not been for the
Minjung but for the nation, and that the
Minjung had been veiled and
overshadowed by the nation.
14. Minorities or the others
It seems hard to identify the minorities or
the others with the Minjung.
The Minjung denotes the multitudes and
ordinary people who are in a position of
being governed and sometimes being
oppressed by the powerful.
16. The Multitude
According to Hardt and Negri, and also
Sugirtharajah(Asian faces of Jesus),
agree that the Ochlos in the Markan
Gospel is most close to the multitude.
Multitude is as inclusive an idea as
minjung.
Multitude is the term most illuminating on
the meaning of Minjung.
17. Minjung theology
• Minjung Theology - the people's
theology emerged in the 1970s from the
experience of South Korean Christians
in the struggle for social justice. It is a
people's theology, and, according to its
authors, "a development of the political
hermeneutics of the Gospel in terms of
the Korean reality“.
[Philip L. Wickeri, (1985) Asian Theologies in Review, Theology Today]
18. The Push Factor
• In the 1970s, a handful of theologians and
lay leaders became involved in the struggle of
the "Minjung" (the oppressed) for justice and
freedom.
• As their involvement on behalf of the Minjung
intensified, the Korean government dismissed
them from their universities and seminaries.
• Having lost their teaching jobs: they chose to
participate more actively in Minjung movements.
They chanted with labourers staging sit-instrikes, demonstrated with student in the
streets, and cried with the families of Political
prisoners.
19. • When these Christians committed
•
•
•
•
themselves to Minjung movements, they;
"were forced to reflect upon their Christian
discipleship in basement interrogation'
rooms,
in trials, facing court-martial tribunals,
hearing the allegations of prosecutors,
and in, making their own final defence.
Out of these in-depth human experiences,
Minjung theology was born.
(Minjung Theology: A Korean Contextual Theology by Rev. A. Sung Park, the
author, is an ordained minister in the United Methodist Church and a PhD
candidate at the Graduate Theological union in Berkeley, CA.)
20. Origins/Sources of Minjung
theology
• “Minjung is thus a term which grew out of the
Christian experiences in the political struggle for
justice.
This theology is an accumulation and articulation of
theological reflections
It is a theology of the oppressed in the Korean
political situation, a theological response to the
oppressors, and it is a response of the oppressed to the
Korean church and its mission.
Theology of Minjung is a creation of those Christians
who were forced to reflect upon their Christian
discipleship in basement interrogation rooms
21. Origins/Sources of Minjung
theology
• They reflected on their Christian commitment in
•
•
•
•
•
prison cells;
in their letters from prison to families and friends,
in their readings of books sent by friends all over the
world,
in their unemployment,
in their stay at home under house-arrest, while
subject to a twenty-four-hour watch over their
activities,
and during visits with their friends.
23. Han
○ HAN can be defined as “a feeling of helpless
suffering and oppression.”
○ It can be translated as “a feeling of unresolved
resentment against unjustifiable suffering.”
○ Or, it is “a deep awareness of the contradictions
in a situation and of the unjust treatment meted
out to the people or a person by the powerful.
○ The feeling of Han is not just a one-time
psychological response to a situation but is an
accumulation of such feelings and experiences.”
[Suh Kwang-sun David, “A Biographical Sketch of an Asian Theological Consultation” Minjung
Theology: People as the Subjects of History, ed. Commission on Theological Concerns of the
Christian Conference of Asia, (Maryknoll, N.Y.: Orbis,1983) PP.24-25.]
24. Dan
○ DAN is a soteriological term in Minjung theology and is the
○
○
○
○
gospel response to han.
Dan literally means “to cut off”.
It has two dimensions, the personal level of self-denial and
the societal level of ending cycles of revenge against
oppression (which would create new modes of oppression).
It seeks transformation of injustice within, which in turn affects
the community.
Following Jesus is not about an eventual spiritual liberation in
heaven, but concerned with the daily rejection of revenge and
violence, both inward and outward.
(Chi Ha Kim, “The Dream of Revolutionary Religion”, Living Theology in Asia, New York, Orbis
Books, 1982, P.24.)
26. Paul Tillich
For Paul Tillich, the norm of Christian
theology is "Jesus as the Christ." Instead
of talking about the norm of theology,
Minjung theology deals with the central
theme of theology.
27. There are two different opinions on
the central theme in Minjung
theology.
1.
2.
Nam-Dong Suh says that the central theme
of Minjung theology should not be Jesus but
the Minjung.
Byung-Mu Ahn says that its central theme is
both Jesus and the Minjung because they
are inseparable.
28. Nam-Dong Suh
Suh asserts that the oppressed (Ochlos) were
not a channel to help our understanding of
Jesus, but rather Jesus was the channel to help
our understanding of the oppressed.
Jesus' cries and suffering represent those of the
Ochlos.
Jesus did not come to be served, but to serve
the Ochlos.
Jesus was concerned about the Ochlos than he
was concerned about himself. Therefore, the
central theme of Minjung theology is the
Minjung.
29. Byung-Mu Ahn
Ahn asserts that Jesus and the Ochlos cannot be understood
separately.
To develop his theory, Ahn analyzes the term "Son of Man."
The title "Son of Man" in the book of Daniel originally
connotes a collective expression and later the title was given
to Jesus.
A few New Testament scholars recognize that Jesus as the
Son of Man not only was one person, but also represented a
group of people {Ochlos).
Hence, Ahn does not separate Jesus from the' Ochlos.
In fact, Jesus was one of the Ochlos. Without Jesus, we
cannot understand the Ochlos. Without the Ochlos, we
cannot understand Jesus fully. We are able to find the true
identity of Jesus and of the OchIos only in their relation to
each other. Thus, Ahn's theme is Jesus and the Minjung.
30. Concern of Minjung theology
• Minjung theology is not primarily concerned about
the Korean Christians in particular, but the
oppressed Korean Minjung in general.
• This theology specifically discovers the deep-seated
feeling of Han in the Minjung and endeavours to
transform it through Dan.
• Dan means to cut off 'the vicious circle of the
Minjung's Han by exorcizing the evil spirit of revenge
against the oppressive rulers from the Han-ridden
hearts of the Minjung (self-denial) and by
transforming the Han into the power of revolution for
establishing a God's nation.
31. Concern of Minjung theology
The issue of revenge thrives on Marxist ideology of
conflict because the oppresser can always find ways to
crush any dissenting voices because they have the
ammunition.
Since Minjung theology is not accepted by a majority of
Korean Christians, it remains a challenge for Minjung
theologians to persuade Korean Christians to Minjung
theology.
The destiny of Minjung theology is, however, not to be a
theology of church dogmatics but a theology for the
oppressed Minjung, of the oppressed Minjung, and
by the oppressed Minjung.
32. Concern of Minjung theology
• Minjung theology has the goal of contributing to
the Minjung in their efforts at becoming the
subjects in history, thus it participates in the
liberating actions of the Minjung.
• In reality, however, the Minjung are mostly
inactive and kept in the bondage of everyday
survival games.
• The Minjung are closely watched and controlled
in a very subtle but inhuman manner by the
institutions of liberal democracy.
33. Concern of Minjung theology
• Minjung theology aims at their liberation
from such oppressive conditions and
helps them to become the subjects of
history and the carriers of substantial
democracy where the Minjung are
participatory actors and decide on both
the destiny of their own lives and that of
the society as a whole.
[Rene Girard, I See Satan Fall Like Lightning, (Maryknoll, N.Y, Orbis Books, 2004).]
34. Minjung theology and the Bible
The basic hermeneutical task of Minjung theology
is not to interpret the Bible (the text)"' in the light of
the Korean situation (the context), but to interpret
the suffering experience of the Korean Minjung
(the context) in the light of the Bible (the text).
Minjung theology contends that the Minjung do not
exist for the authority of the Bible, but the authority
of the Bible exists for the freedom of the Minjung.
This does not mean that! The Minjung are more
important than the Bible; it means that, the
Minjung are a starting point for a biblical
hermeneutics.
35. Minjung theology and the Bible
“In Minjung theology the bible becomes nonreligious, it becomes socio-economic history
and the scriptures are not the revelation
given by God – takes history and culture as
the best references. The bible is only a
record of an oppressed people’s
experience”. Eunsoo Kim
36. Minjung as an expression of the
Holy Spirit
Minjung theology's development in Korea as an
indigenous theology of liberation is a genuine
response to the Holy Spirit in Asia's fastest
growing Christian population, though not without
its problematic elements and critics. Bretzke’s
article reflects on the inculturation of minjung
theology in terms of a five-stage framework
suggested by the Pentecost account in Acts 2:142.
"Cracking the Code: Minjung Theology as an Expression of the Holy Spirit in Korea." Pacifica
(October 1997): 319-330. By James T. Bretzke, S.J.
37. Minjung as an expression of the
Holy Spirit
"The People of God believes that it is led by the
Spirit of the Lord who fills the whole world. Moved
by that faith it tries to discern in the events, the
needs, and longings which it shares with other
men of our time, what may be genuine signs of the
presence or of the purpose of God. For faith
throws a new light on all things and makes known
the full ideal which God has set for man, thus
guiding the mind towards solutions that are fully
human."
Translation from Austin P. Flannery, O.P. ed., The Documents of Vatican II, (New
York: Pillar Books, 1975).
38. Conclusion
Minjung theology is therefore a theology of
liberation, and a construct of the oppressed
multitudes through a ‘deliberate’ process of
conscientization causing a contextualized rereading of the gospel(that sent shock-waves to
the spines of the Elite Korean Christians) with
an intention to eliminate Han through Dan. In
other words it was a realized attempt to change
the course of Korean history turning the onceperceived objects into subjects of history.