MINI PROJECT FINAL REVIEW.pptx
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The document summarizes an electric skateboard project that was developed to reduce pollution from vehicles used for short distances and provide an eco-friendly transportation option. The electric skateboard uses a motor, remote control, and rechargeable battery to allow riders to cruise without pushing. It aims to solve traffic issues through a small, low-cost electric vehicle that provides easy transportation with minimal effort compared to normal skateboards or vehicles.
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1. An electric vehicle uses a battery and electric motor instead of an internal combustion engine. This makes the EV more efficient and reduces emissions compared to gas-powered vehicles.
2. The main components discussed are the brushless DC hub motor, motor controller, lithium-ion battery, disc brakes, and a lightweight chassis.
3. Lithium-ion batteries are well-suited for electric vehicles due to their high energy density and power, low self-discharge, and
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Introduction- e - waste – definition - sources of e-waste– hazardous substances in e-waste - effects of e-waste on environment and human health- need for e-waste management– e-waste handling rules - waste minimization techniques for managing e-waste – recycling of e-waste - disposal treatment methods of e- waste – mechanism of extraction of precious metal from leaching solution-global Scenario of E-waste – E-waste in India- case studies.
TIME DIVISION MULTIPLEXING TECHNIQUE FOR COMMUNICATION SYSTEM
Time Division Multiplexing (TDM) is a method of transmitting multiple signals over a single communication channel by dividing the signal into many segments, each having a very short duration of time. These time slots are then allocated to different data streams, allowing multiple signals to share the same transmission medium efficiently. TDM is widely used in telecommunications and data communication systems.
### How TDM Works
1. **Time Slots Allocation**: The core principle of TDM is to assign distinct time slots to each signal. During each time slot, the respective signal is transmitted, and then the process repeats cyclically. For example, if there are four signals to be transmitted, the TDM cycle will divide time into four slots, each assigned to one signal.
2. **Synchronization**: Synchronization is crucial in TDM systems to ensure that the signals are correctly aligned with their respective time slots. Both the transmitter and receiver must be synchronized to avoid any overlap or loss of data. This synchronization is typically maintained by a clock signal that ensures time slots are accurately aligned.
3. **Frame Structure**: TDM data is organized into frames, where each frame consists of a set of time slots. Each frame is repeated at regular intervals, ensuring continuous transmission of data streams. The frame structure helps in managing the data streams and maintaining the synchronization between the transmitter and receiver.
4. **Multiplexer and Demultiplexer**: At the transmitting end, a multiplexer combines multiple input signals into a single composite signal by assigning each signal to a specific time slot. At the receiving end, a demultiplexer separates the composite signal back into individual signals based on their respective time slots.
### Types of TDM
1. **Synchronous TDM**: In synchronous TDM, time slots are pre-assigned to each signal, regardless of whether the signal has data to transmit or not. This can lead to inefficiencies if some time slots remain empty due to the absence of data.
2. **Asynchronous TDM (or Statistical TDM)**: Asynchronous TDM addresses the inefficiencies of synchronous TDM by allocating time slots dynamically based on the presence of data. Time slots are assigned only when there is data to transmit, which optimizes the use of the communication channel.
### Applications of TDM
- **Telecommunications**: TDM is extensively used in telecommunication systems, such as in T1 and E1 lines, where multiple telephone calls are transmitted over a single line by assigning each call to a specific time slot.
- **Digital Audio and Video Broadcasting**: TDM is used in broadcasting systems to transmit multiple audio or video streams over a single channel, ensuring efficient use of bandwidth.
- **Computer Networks**: TDM is used in network protocols and systems to manage the transmission of data from multiple sources over a single network medium.
### Advantages of TDM
- **Efficient Use of Bandwidth**: TDM all
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Self-Balancing Two-wheeler (Segway) was once a mysterious invention created by Dean Lawrence Kamen. The Self-Balancing Two-wheeler (Segway) Human Transporter is a personal transport device that uses a built-in computer to remain upright. The aim of this project is to mimic the design of the Self-Balancing Two-wheeler (Segway) and build a low-cost Segway. The first stage of this project is to design the mechanical structure of the transport device. According to different power and functional requirements, different mechanical and electronic components have been chosen for the implementation. The rider shifting weight and a manual turning mechanism on the handlebar are used to control the speed and direction of the Self-Balancing Two-wheeler (Segway). Gyroscope and variable resistor are used to monitor user’s physical motion. The Segway is an intelligent vehicle which uses gyroscopic sensors to detect the motion of rider, so that he can accelerate, brake or steer the vehicle. The conventional Segway available in the market are very costly as they are not available locally. Hence the need to design and fabricate a cost-efficient Segway which could be affordable and the same time be reliable to withstand a rider up to 70-80kgs. In this project an attempt has been made to design and fabricate a Segway with minimum resources.
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This document describes a capstone project to design and develop an electro-mechanical center stand and sensor integrated side stand for a two-wheeler. The project aims to replace the traditional center stand to reduce effort when deploying it. An automated side stand will also prevent accidents caused by negligence. The system will use a mechanical actuator connected to a battery and switches to operate the center stand remotely. This addresses issues some users face in deploying the standard center and side stands.
Presentation shivam e bike
This is all about design and fabrication of E-bike. I hope this is helpful for all engineering student.
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This document describes the design and implementation of an electric vehicle. It discusses the various components of an EV including the motor, motor controller, battery, braking system, and chassis design. The key points are:
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- 1. SRI KRISHNA COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY (An Autonomous Institution) Affiliated to Anna University, Chennai Accredited by NBA-AICTE | An ISO 9001-2008 Institution FINAL REVIEW PROJECT TITLE ELECTRIC SKATEBOARD USING IOT
- 2. ABSTRACT: To reduce the walking time for a short distance. To reduce the usage of vehicle like two-wheelers,four-wheelers for a nearby distance in Order to reduce pollution. Especially very useful in hilly areas. Low maintainence compare than other vehicles. Scatting is a very good exercise like riding a bicycle. Save our time and energy.
- 3. INTRODUCTION : An electric skateboard is very comparable to an normal skateboard or long board(long and more stable skate board).the biggest difference is the acceleration and braking process. On an electric skate board, you don`t need to kick push with your feet to get forward . The electric motor does it for you. You can enjoy the rides as a passenger with both feet on the board while an electric motor drives you around. Additionally ,E-boards have brakes. You don`t need to brake with your foot to slow down . You just pull the trigger on the remote control and the E-board slows down independently.
- 4. OBJECTIVES OF THE PROJECT WORK The Major objectives of project are as : To solve traffic problem by reducing the size of the vehicles. To get transportation facility at cheapest cost through combination of both grid supply energy & renewable energy. To control the air pollution and to generate the Eco friendly vehicle with no utilization of fossil fuels.
- 5. NOVELTY OF THE WORK WIRELESS CONTROL LOW MAINTENANCE SELF-MANAGEMENT NO FEAR OF CHARGER NIGHT LIGHT GPS SYSTEM FOR NAVIGATION
- 7. PROBLEM IDENTIFICATION Environmental protection and energy conservations are the main concern of the 21st century which as now accelerated to pace the plan and develop the electrical vehicle technology. The electric vehicles(EVs) offer a zero emission , new automobile industry establishment , and economic development , efficient and smart transportation. This project having a foot controlled steering system the vehicle easily . It designed to suitable for any road condition and to reduce the effort of a rider to driver skateboard easily
- 9. Components Node MCU Motor drive Step down transformer Wires Screws & nuts Dc motors Wheels 2 wheeler chasis
- 13. SIDE VIEW
- 14. TOP VIEW
- 15. APPLICATION APPLICATION OF E-BOARD:- Go uphill with minimal effort . More control over your speed. You don`t have to push. User friendly. Can handle all age people. Low cost vehicle. Low maintenance. Saves time and energy.
- 16. CODINGS
- 19. REFERENCES 1. "Sanjay Dastoor: A skateboard, with a boost". TED. February 2013. 2.^ a b "History Of Electric Skateboarding / Electric Longboard". magnetoelectricskateboard. 3.^ "SK8Laws.pdf" (PDF). Learn to ride a skateboard. Retrieved 27 June 2017. 4.^ Oppenheimer, Tracy. "The Fight Against California's Electric Skateboard Ban". Reason.comn. Reason Foundation. Retrieved 18 April 2015. 5.^ a b "Altered ExKate History". Altered AxKate. 6.^ US Patent 5893425A Remote control electric powered skateboard 7.^ "I rode the ZBoard in Las Vegas and it changed my life". The Verge. 11 January 2013. 8.^ "Skate through 2013 on your very own ZBoard (video)". PC World. 9 January 2013.