3. Crust
Is a thin layer of solid rock.
The material that makes up
the Crust tends to be lighter
than the materials below the
Earth’s Crust. It
“floats” on the inner layers.
4. Mantle
Just below the Crust is a hot ,
partly molten layer.
It’s made up of a thick,heavy material.
When it cools , it forms rock.
The mantle moves sluggishly, like
thick syrup.
5. Outer Core
Toward the centre of the Earth is the
Outer core. It has a molten mass
made of mostly iron, with some nickel
in the mix. Like the mantle, the
material within the outer core flows.
6. Inner Core
At the very center of the
Earth is the Inner Core,
a large ball of iron and nickel.
Despite the heat
( almost as hot as the surface of the sun),
the inner core is solid,
crushed under the enormous weight of
the outer core and the mantel.
7. Minerals!!
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8. Diamonds
Diamonds are minerals, and come from rock.
Minerals are pure and naturally
occur from rocks.
Rocks are made of a combination
of minerals.
The differences among rocks are due to
the minerals they contain.
9. Quartz
Quartz is hard.It comes in many
colors depending on how it was
formed.
Amethyst, carnelian, agate,
and onyx are all forms of quartz.
10. Talc
Talc is very soft
and has a greasy feel.
It is used in cosmetics.
12. Hardness
Every mineral can make a scratch
on other minerals that are softer than
itself, but cannot scratch a mineral that
is harder than itself.
Using some standard minerals
ranging from very hard to very soft, it is
possible to discover the hardness of an
unknown mineral.
13. Minerals
They are the building blocks of life.
Minerals are nonliving things.
14. SOIL
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15. Litter
The surface of soil is usually covered
with leaves, broken branches and fallen
trees. This layer is known as the litter.
It keeps the ground damp by
preventing too much water from
evaporating.
16. Topsoil
Beneath the litter is a layer of topsoil.
Topsoil usually contains dark decaying
plant and animal matter called HUMUS.
Humus is important because it contains
the rich supply of nutrients and
minerals that new plants need for
growth.
17. Subsoil
The subsoil contains larger pieces of
rock and clay. It usually is a lighter
color because it contains little humus.
18. Bedrock
A layer of solid, unbroken rock called
bedrock marks the dividing line
between soil and rock. The bedrock
may be under soil, but it is still subject
to biological weathering from plant
roots.
