This document provides an overview of rocks and minerals. It defines a mineral as a naturally occurring solid substance made of non-living materials, and an element as a pure substance that cannot be broken down further. It then discusses the three key features of minerals and provides examples. Rocks are defined as natural solid objects made of one or more minerals. The three main types of rocks - sedimentary, igneous, and metamorphic - are introduced along with the processes involved in their formation. Specific examples of common minerals and rock types are also listed.

1. Chapter 5 – Lesson 1
• 0
Shale
Gypsum Gneiss
Rocks and
Minerals

2. • Mineral -A solid,
natural material
made from nonliving
substances in the
ground
• Element – a pure
substance than
cannot be broken
down into a
simpler substance
Pyromorphite
Gold

3. Examples of Elements
Copper
Silver
Iron
Aluminum

4. 3 Features of Minerals
1. never alive
2. form in nature
3. solid material with a repeating
pattern

5. 5
Common
Minerals
Quartz
Feldspar
Fluorite

6. 6

7. • ROCK – a solid
object made
naturally in
Earth’s crust and
contains one or
more minerals

8. Types of Rocks
Sedimentary Rocks
Metamorphic RocksIgneous Rocks

9. Sedimentary Rocks
rock that forms from sediment
• Wind and water break down the earth
• This is the process of weathering.

10. 10
• Layers are formed and build up
• Pressure and time turn the layers to rock
• Bits of sediment settle in lakes and rivers
• This is the process of Deposition.

11. 11
Fossils are found in sedimentary
rock.

12. Igneous Rocks – forms when lava or
magma cools and hardens
• Fire Rocks

13. Metamorphic Rocks
rocks that form when sedimentary and igneous
rocks change under pressure and heat
• Rocks that have changed
• They were once igneous or
sedimentary
• Pressure and heat changed the rocks

14. • Rock cycle – the changing of rocks
over time from one type to another

16. Types of Igneous Rocks
Granite Scoria
Pumice Obsidian

17. Types of Sedimentary Rocks
Gypsum
Sandstone
Shale
Limestone
Conglomerate

18. Types of Metamorphic Rocks
Marble
Slate