iron

1. Presented by:
Naveed Khan
Roll No:
13

2. INTRODUCTION:
 Iron (atomic weight 55.85) is essential for many metabolic
processes.
 It shares with other transition metals two properties of
particular importance in biology: the ability to exist in more
than one relatively stable oxidation state and the ability to form
many complexes.
 Its ability to exist in both ferric and ferrous states underlies its
role in critical enzyme reactions concerned with oxygen and
electron transport and the cellular production of energy.
 There are specialized proteins of iron transport and storage.
 Iron is the most essential trace elements and 4th most abundant
element in earth crust.
 Two broad categories
a) Essential iron (Functional)
b) Storage iron

3. Sources RDA Metabolism
Functions Disorders

4. Green
leafy
vegetables
Liver and
meat
Egg
Jaggery
Pulses
Cereals

5. Heme iron:-
• Liver
• Meat
• Poultry
• Fish
Non Hemeiron:-
• Leafy vegetables
• Legumes
• Beans
• Cereals
• Milk

6. 10-20
mg/day
Adult
30mg/day
Pregnancy

7.  Children (ages1-10): 7 to10 mg perday.
 Women (ages19-50): 18 mg per day.
 Pregnant Women: 30 mg per day.
 Lactating Women: 9 to10 mg perday.
 Men (ages19 and older): 8 mg perday

8. IRON DISTRIBUTION IN HEALTHY YOUNG ADULTS (MG)
Pool Men Women
Total 3450 2450
Functional
Hemoglobin 2100 1750
Myoglobin 300 250
Enzymes 50 50
Storage
Ferritin, hemosiderin 1000 400

9. .

10. TIPS TO IMPROVE IRON ABSORPTION FROM FOOD
•Include Vit C rich food e.g - tomatoes,
oranges, lemon, sweetlime.
•Include Protein rich food e.g- curds,
cheese, paneer, dal, legumes, soyabean,
non-veg foods.
•Include Vit A rich food e.g-carrots,
pumpkin, tomatoes, papaya, milk, liver

11. • Do not add soda while cooking

12. Absorption Transport Storage Excretion

13. Site
Small
intestine
Forms
Heme
Non-haem
Efficiency
About 10%
of total
food iron is
absorbed

14. Factors decreasing iron absorption
Oxalates and
phosphates
Antacid, achlorhydria
Gastrointestinal
diseases
Factors increasing iron absorption
Ferrous form Ascorbic acid Erythropoiesis Hemochromatosis

16. Ferric Iron
Fe+++
Ferrous Iron
Fe++
Heme iron
Vit C
Ferricreductase
Fe+++
Ferritin
Apoferritin
Heme iron
Fe++ Fe++
Fe+++
Transferrin
Fe+++
Lumen Mucosal cell Blood
CeruloplasminApotransferrin
Fe++
Ferroxidase
Ferroreductase

17. Mucosal block theory

18. Storage Form
Ferritin Hemosiderin
Storage Site
Liver Intestine Spleen Bone marrow

19. Normal
excretion
About
1mg/day
Stool
Very little
0.7mg/day
Physiological
loss
Menstruation
20-30mg/cycle
Delivery
750mg

20. Heme
compounds
Non-haem
compounds
Iron is a component of several functionally important
compounds

21. Haem compounds
Haemoglobin
Myoglobin
Cytochrome
Catalase
Non-haem compounds
Succinate dehydrogenase
Xanthine oxidase
Iron sulfur proteins

22. Iron
deficiency Iron excess

23. Causes Features
Lab
findings
Treatment

24. Decreased intake
of iron
Malnutrition
Decreased
absorption of
iron
Achlorhydria and
chronic diarrhea
Increased loss of
Iron
Bleeding, hookworm
infestation
Increased iron
requirement
Pregnancy, infancy

25. Pallor
Fatigue
Dizziness
Dyspnea
Palpitation
Angular
stomatitis
Pica

26. Decreased hemoglobin
Microcytic hypochromic anemia
Decreased serum iron
Increased serum total iron binding capacity
Decreased plasma ferritin

27. Treatment of underlying causes
Treating
Hookworm
Controlling
bleeding
Administration of iron preparations
Orally I.V

28. Haemosiderosis
Increase in iron stores
as haemosiderin
Without associated
with tissue injury
Haemochromatosis
Excessive deposition
of iron in the tissue
Associated with
tissue injury