Dr. Verghese Kurien was an Indian social entrepreneur known as the "Father of the White Revolution" in India. He was instrumental in 'Operation Flood', the world's largest dairy development program, which made India the largest milk producer in the world. The document details Kurien's early life and education. It then discusses his pivotal role in establishing the dairy cooperative movement and companies like Amul, as well as the national dairy development program. Kurien received many honors and awards for his contributions to India's dairy industry and improving the livelihoods of millions of small farmers.
14. >> 0 >> 1 >> 2 >> 3 >> 4 >>
Introduction
• Born: 26 November 1921 Calicut, Madras into a
Syrian Christian family
• His father was a civil surgeon in Cochin, Kerala.
• He graduated in Physics from Loyola College,
Madras in 1940 and then obtained his Bachelors in
mechanical engineering from the University of
Madras.
• After completing his degree, he joined the Tata
Steel Technical Institute,Jamshedpur from where he
graduated in 1946.
• He then earned Master of Science in Mechanical
Engineering (Distinction) from Michigan State
University in 1948.
15. >> 0 >> 1 >> 2 >> 3 >> 4 >>
The grate man’s grate Visionary
• Now we are not that Strength which in older days, Moved earth and Heaven,
that which we are we are. Come my friend this is not true late to seek a newer world.
- Dr.Varghese Kurien
And a newer world that he did create where the “Farmers were Supreme”
16. >> 0 >> 1 >> 2 >> 3 >> 4 >>
Early Conditions
• Every day at the crack of doan more then 10 million farmers of Gujarat begin theirEvery day at the crack of doan more then 10 million farmers of Gujarat begin their
milk root.milk root.
• A journey that is given them a life of anA journey that is given them a life of an ““Economic IndependenceEconomic Independence” .” . It was notIt was not
always like this.always like this.
• In 1946 troubled by the monopoly of private milk producing firm Polson (ModelIn 1946 troubled by the monopoly of private milk producing firm Polson (Model
dairy-1929) and they constantly changing prices .dairy-1929) and they constantly changing prices .
17. >> 0 >> 1 >> 2 >> 3 >> 4 >>
Farmers Fight Back
• Farmers of the kaira district in Gujarat began aFarmers of the kaira district in Gujarat began a ““C0-OPRETIVEC0-OPRETIVE
MOVMENTMOVMENT””
• It means they collect whole milk produce by the framers of theirIt means they collect whole milk produce by the framers of their
village and sell it at a constant price.village and sell it at a constant price.
• Guided by Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel and Tribhuvandash Patel.Guided by Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel and Tribhuvandash Patel.
18. >> 0 >> 1 >> 2 >> 3 >> 4 >>
Kurien Back To India
• Dr.Varghese Kurien returned from America in 1948 and joined the Dairy
Department of the Government of India.
• On 13th
may 1949, he was posted as a Dairy Engineer at the Government
Research Creamery.
• Gujarat around this time, the newly formed co-operative dairy “KDCMPUL”
(Kaira District Cooperative Milk Producer’s union Limited), was
engaged in the battle of survival with privately owned Polson Dairy.
So as he joined the Kheda co-operative and challenged every thing
that came in to the way of this strong co-operative movement. Protecting a
farmers who he insistent for the Wright full owners of the milk business.
19. >> 0 >> 1 >> 2 >> 3 >> 4 >>
A solid milk
revolution
• Dr. Varghese Kurien left his government job and volunteered to help Shri
Tribhuvandas Patel, Chairman of KDCMPUL, to set up a processing plant.
• At that time all multinational companies importing a milk powder and they selling it
at very higher price and with their brand name.
• They felt that if India started making milk powder they will stop importing.
• India is a buffalo dominated country and never make a milk powder and the rest of
world produce it from cow milk.
• In 1954 even UNICEF debated that whether or not to provide the KDCMPUL a
powder making plant.
20. >> 0 >> 1 >> 2 >> 3 >> 4 >>
• Kurien and his accomplished friend
H.M.Dalaya went a head and hired a
plant and maid a powder from buffalo
milk with minor way reation in the
technology .
• They succeed in it and UNICEF was
totally surprise .
• It was this buffalo milk powder which
sutured a revolution.
• Now we are able to preserve our solid
milk and we are able to give more
money to our farmers.
• 3200 Ltrs. Kaira district cooperative now
producing more than 20,000 Ltrs. of milk
every day. They now owned Asia's
largest dairy.
21. >> 0 >> 1 >> 2 >> 3 >> 4 >>
1946: THE BIRTH1946: THE BIRTH
OF AMULOF AMUL
• Dr.Varghese know that if they want to sell any product they must need a brand.
• He and his team was think about it and after a brain stroming session they
named it AMUL.
• Do you know the meaning of AMUL !!!!!????
• Amul it means “Anand Milk Union Limited” . And amulya in Sanskrit it means
“Priceless”.
22. >> 0 >> 1 >> 2 >> 3 >> 4 >>
Amul the test of India
• AMUL later made way for a larger
milk-producing project, the Kaira
District Co-operative Milk
Producers Union, and still later the
Gujarat Co-operative Milk
Marketing Federation.
• Was founded to stop exploitation
of farmers by middlemen.
24. >> 0 >> 1 >> 2 >> 3 >> 4 >>
Operation of Co-operative Model
• Amul formed several co-operative societies for a group of villages.
• These co-operative societies had the task of collecting milk from the village
farmers twice a day.
• The payment was made to the farmers according to the fat content in the
milk.
• Sufficient steps (such as standard fat measurement machine, surprise
checks, educating farmers etc.) were taken to prevent malpractices and
enhance the overall process.
• These milk cans were then transferred to nearby Milk Chiller Unit on the
same day.
26. >> 0 >> 1 >> 2 >> 3 >> 4 >>
• It was kept in storage there for few hours
then they were transferred for the
pasteurization and finally to the cooling and
packaging unit.
• After that milk was delivered to the
wholesale distributor and then to the
retailers and finally to the consumer thus
following two-level distribution marketing
channel.
• The upstream supply chain was entirely
designed by Dr. Kurien and Mr.
Tribhuvandas Patel – as a result of which
the co-operative mechanism kept getting
better and by the end of 1960
• Amul had become a success story in
Gujarat
28. >> 0 >> 1 >> 2 >> 3 >> 4 >>
1965:NDDB
• The success of the AMUL experiment attracted the then
Prime Minister, Lal Bahadur Shastri.
• He requested Kurien to help him replicate the AMUL model
nationwide.
• Shastri asked Dr V. Kurien to replicate his model in Delhi,
but he refused to move to Delhi saying, Delhi didn't have
farmers, only bureaucrats!
• This shows the greatness of this man.
• And the National Dairy Development Board ( NDDB )
was born in 1965 with the famous “Milkman” as its
founder-chairman.
• As the 'Amul dairy experiment' was replicated in Gujarat's
districts in the neighborhood of Anand, Kurien set all of
them up under GCMMF in 1973 to sell the combined
produce of the dairies under a single Amul brand.
29. >> 0 >> 1 >> 2 >> 3 >> 4 >>
• This was the beginning of OPERATION FLOOD.
• NDDB launched “Operation Flood”, a programme that transformed India
into the world's largest milk producer by establishing a countrywide milk grid.
31. >> 0 >> 1 >> 2 >> 3 >> 4 >>
Operation
Flood
• Dr Kurien is considered the father of
Operation Flood, also referred to as the
White Revolution.
• It was implemented in three phases: 1970-80,
1981-85 and 1985-96.
• Operation Flood has created a national milk
grid linking milk producers throughout India
with consumers in over 700 towns and cities,
reducing seasonal and regional price
variations while ensuring that the producer
gets a major share of the price consumers
pay, by cutting out middlemen.
32. >> 0 >> 1 >> 2 >> 3 >> 4 >>
Under Operation
Flood
• We have about 100 rail milk tankers and more than 1500 road milk tankers.
• From the period 1970 to 1996, when Operation Flood ended, India’s milk
production increased from 22 to 66 million tones.
• It is currently around 88 million tones.
• This translates into an average annual growth of over 4 per cent.
• During the same period the population increase in India was around 2.1 per
cent. Because of the relatively higher rate of increase in milk production, the
per capita availability of milk increased from 40 kgs a year to about 75 kgs a
year now.
• Flood, a large dairying infrastructure has been set up in India- about 175
dairy plants, 45 cattle feed plants, and about 15000 Artificial Insemination
centers.
33. >> 0 >> 1 >> 2 >> 3 >> 4 >>
Under Operation
Flood (Continue….)
• Among agricultural commodities in India,
milk is now the largest contributor to the
Gross National Product – even larger
than rice and wheat, the principal
agricultural crops.
• The value realised by farmers from milk
is estimated at about Indian Rupees 950
billion which is about US dollars 22
billion.
• To take this work forward, NDDB along
with the dairy cooperatives have evolved
“Perspective 2010”.
34. >> 0 >> 1 >> 2 >> 3 >> 4 >>
1973: GCMMF
• Gujarat Co-Operative Milk Marketing
Federation.
• Kurien sets up GCMMF to sell products
produced by the dairies. Nearly 50 years later.
• GCMMF sells Amul products not only in India
but also overseas.
• It is India's largest food product marketing
organization with annual turnover (2011-12) of
$2.5 billion.
• Its daily milk procurement is approximately 13
million liters (peak period) per day from
16,117 village milk cooperative societies, 17
member unions covering 24 districts and 3.18
million milk producer members.
36. >> 0 >> 1 >> 2 >> 3 >> 4 >>
1979: IRMA
• IRMA was established in 1979 at Anand
with the support of the Swiss Agency for
Development Cooperation, state and
Union governments, the erstwhile Indian
Dairy Corporation and NDDB to provide
management education, training,
research and consultancy support to
cooperatives & rural development
organizations.
• IRMA is founded with the belief borne
out by Dr Kurien's work in the dairy
coops which revolutionized the industry.
38. >> 0 >> 1 >> 2 >> 3 >> 4 >>
Achievements
• Padmashri (1965)
• Padmabhushan (1966)
• Krishi Ratna Award (1986) by the President of India.
• Ramon Magsaysay Award for Community
Leadership (1963)
• Wateler Peace Prize Award of Carnegie Foundation
(1986)
• World Food Prize Award (1989)
• International Person of the Year(1993) by the World
Dairy Expo, Madison, Wisconsin, USA.
• Padma Vibhushan (1999)
• In 2001, ET awarded him lifetime achievement
award along with Dhirubhai Ambani.
39. >> 0 >> 1 >> 2 >> 3 >> 4 >>
For his contribution to the dairy industry Dr. Kurien
has received top awards not only in India but also
overseas.
• Dr. Kurien has received over 15 honorary degrees from universities in the
United States, Canada, the United Kingdom, and India.
• This unassuming man won many awards during his lifetime and served as a
role model to many others.
• In 1963, Dr. Kurien received the Ramon Magsaysay Award for Community
Leadership.
40. >> 0 >> 1 >> 2 >> 3 >> 4 >>
Padma Shri
• The Government of India awarded
him with the Padma Shri in 1965.
• Padma Shri (also Padmashree) is
the fourth highest civilian award in
the Republic of India, after the
Bharat Ratna, the Padma
Vibhushan and the
Padma Bhushan.
41. >> 0 >> 1 >> 2 >> 3 >> 4 >>
Padma Bhushan
• The Government of India awarded
him with the Padma Bhushan
in1966
• The Padma Bhushan is the third
highest civilian award in the
Republic of India, after the Bharat
Ratna and the Padma Vibhushan,
but comes before the Padma Shri.
42. >> 0 >> 1 >> 2 >> 3 >> 4 >>
Wateler Peace Prize
• The Wateler Peace Prize is
awarded annually by the
Dutch Carnegie Foundation
and is named for J.G.D.
• Wateler who, upon his death
on 22 July 1927 "bequeathed
his estate to the Dutch State,
under the proviso that the
annual revenue accruing from
it should be expended upon
the awarding of a prize to
those who have made
themselves meritorious in the
cause of peace."
43. >> 0 >> 1 >> 2 >> 3 >> 4 >>
Padma Vibushan
• The Government of India
awarded him with the Padma
Vibhushan in 1999.
• The Padma Vibhushan is the
second highest civilian award in
the Republic of India. It consists
of a medal and a citation and is
awarded by the President of
India.
• It is awarded to recognize
exceptional and distinguished
service to the nation in any field,
including government service.
45. >> 0 >> 1 >> 2 >> 3 >> 4 >>
Salute to Great Man
• OF THE FARMER
• BY THE FARMER
• FOR THE FARMER
46. >> 0 >> 1 >> 2 >> 3 >> 4 >>
India’s milk man Passes away
• Nadiad: Verghese Kurien, the father of
White Revolution in India and the founder
of Amul, died after a brief spell of illness
early on Sunday at Nadiad in Gujarat. He
was 90.
• Mr Kurien's body has been kept at the
Sardar Hall of Amul dairy in Anand for
people to pay their last respects.
• "Mr Kurien died a natural death due to his
age. He was suffering from kidney
problems for quite some time and was
admitted to a hospital in Nadiad”.
• He was hospitalized at Muljibhai Patel
Urological Hospital in Nadiad
• He passed away around 1:15 am.
9th
September,2012
47. >> 0 >> 1 >> 2 >> 3 >> 4 >>
The Change He Maid
• Today, the turnover of Amul-led cooperatives stands at R 10,000 crore.
• The Amul group now consists of 15 district unions with 30 lakh farmer
members in close to 16,000 villages of Gujarat.
• A majority of the cooperative members are women.
• Prime Minister Manmohan Singh has condoled the death of Mr. Kurien.
• In a condolence message he described him as an icon of India's
cooperative movement and the dairy industry.
• President Pranab Mukherjee said Mr Kurien will be remembered as one who
made enormous contributions to the fields of agriculture, rural development
and dairying.
48. >> 0 >> 1 >> 2 >> 3 >> 4 >>
The Change (Continue…)
• When Operation Flood began in 1970,
total annual milk procurement was only
190,000 tons, with 278,000 farmers
involved in the program.
• By 1998, at the time of Dr Kurien’s
retirement as chairman, the NDDB’s
programs involved more than ten million
dairy producers in 81,000 cooperatives,
supplying almost five million tons of milk
annually to over 1000 cities and towns
throughout that country.
• Reaching nearly 250 million people,
Operation Flood was the largest
agricultural development program in the
world. India has also emerged as the
largest producer of milk in the world,
surpassing the United States.
51. >> 0 >> 1 >> 2 >> 3 >> 4 >>
The Utterly Butterly Man
• ‘Again and again in history, some special people in the
crowd wake up. They have no ground in the crowd and
they emerge accordingly to much broader laws; they
carry strange customs with them, and demand room for
bold actions. The future ruthlessly speaks through them.
They save the world.’
- (Rainer Maria Rilke).
54. >> 0 >> 1 >> 2 >> 3 >> 4 >>
Does Dr.Varghese Kurien deserve the Bharat
Ratna Award and Nobel Peace Prize ?
• Bharat Ratna (Jewel of India or Gem of India in English) is the Republic of
India's highest civilian award, for performance of highest order in any field of
human Endeavour.
55. >> 0 >> 1 >> 2 >> 3 >> 4 >>
• He is most studied man.
• Many business schools world over teach what is called as
“Management Kurien Style”.
• The Number of PhD thesis about his work and.
• The AMUL model replicated in more than 30-40 countries as an
effective way of rural empowerment and sustainable employment
generation.
• "A World Bank audit in 1998 revealed that of the Rs 200 crore the
World Bank invested in Operation Flood, the net return into India’s
rural economy was a massive Rs 24,000 crore each year over a
period of 10 years."
• He deserves much better from all of us Indian's .
