This talk is a fast-paced introduction to the Micronaut framework, from creating the first app to orchestrating a microservice federation and deploying to the cloud. We will cover the basics of writing Micronaut apps, communication between services, building for resiliency, managing configuration, and deploying to a cloud provider. By the time we’re finished, you’ll have a good understanding of the features of the framework and be ready to start building and deploying your own apps with Micronaut. Buckle up and start the countdown!

1. MICRONAUT LAUNCHPAD
From Ground Zero to Orbit!

2. ABOUT ME
• Senior Software Engineer at
OCI
• Full stack!
• Contributor to the Grails &
Micronaut frameworks
• Beth’s husband

4. • Micronaut announced in March 2018
• Framework open-sourced in May 2018,
1.0 release in October 2018
• Triggered a wave of excitement and
innovation around the potential for JVM
development
• Micronaut 1.3 & Micronaut Data 1.0
released in February 2020
• Micronaut continues to point the path
forwards for server-side Java
WHAT IS MICRONAUT?

5. WHAT IS MICRONAUT?
• A framework for microservice &
serverless applications
• Ahead Of Time (AOT) for DI,AOP, and
configuration injection
• Reactive HTTP layer built on Netty
• Declarative HTTP Client
• “Natively Cloud Native”
• A suite of official and community-
contributed integrations and libraries

6. WHAT CANYOU BUILD?
• Microservices
• Serverless Applications
• Message-Driven Applications with
Kafka/Rabbit
• CLI Applications
• Android Applications
• Anything with
static void main(String..args)

7. WHAT MAKES IT DIFFERENT?
• An Application Framework for the Future
• Ahead ofTime (AOT) Compilation
• No Reflection, Runtime Proxies, or Dynamic
Classloading
• Compatible with GraalVM
• Reactive
• Capable of running in low-memory
environments with sub second startup time
• First-class support for Java, Kotlin, and Groovy

8. WHAT MAKES IT DIFFERENT?
• Micronaut 1.3 - Cold Start:
• JDK 13 (no flags): ~800ms
• GraalVM native image: ~15ms
• Micronaut 1.3 - Memory:
• JDK 13: ~100mb
• GraalVM native image: ~15mb

9. DEMO

10. INSTALLINGTHE CLI
https://micronaut.io/download.html
• The Micronaut CLI is the
recommended method for creating
Micronaut apps
• Micronaut can also be added to an
existing project via Maven/Gradle
dependency
• Micronaut team recommends
SDKman for installing CLI, but other
options are available
• CLI can generate projects in Java,
Kotlin, Groovy, using Maven or
Gradle build files

11. INSTALLINGTHE CLI
1. Before continuing make sure you have latest version of SDKMAN
installed (https://sdkman.io/).
2. In order to install Micronaut, run following command:
3.You can also specify the version to the sdk install command.
4.You should now be able to run the Micronaut CLI.
$ mn
| Starting interactive mode...
| Enter a command name to run. Use TAB for completion:
mn>
$ sdk install micronaut 1.3.1
$ sdk install micronaut
$ sdk update
https://docs.micronaut.io/latest/guide/index.html#installSdkman

12. CREATING A SERVICE
mn> help
Usage: mn [-hnvVx] [COMMAND]
Micronaut CLI command line interface for generating projects and
services.
Commonly used commands are:
create-app NAME
create-cli-app NAME
create-federation NAME --services SERVICE_NAME[,SERVICE_NAME]...
create-function NAME

13. $ mn create-app service-a
| Generating Java project...
| Application created at /Users/dev/service-a
$ mn create-app example.micronaut.service-b
| Generating Java project...
| Application created at /Users/dev/service-b
Creating a Java app
Creating a Java app with default package
$ mn create-app service-k --lang kotlin --features tracing-jaeger
| Generating Kotlin project...
| Application created at /Users/dev/service-k
Creating a Kotlin app with features

14. CREATING A FEDERATION
The create-federation command applies the same
features/profiles to multiple projects, and creates a multi-
project (Gradle) or multi-module (Maven) build file.
$ mn create-federation kafka-fed --services service-a, service-b,
service-c --profile kafka
| Federation created at /Users/dev/kafka-federation
| Generating Java project…
| Generating Java project…
| Generating Java project...

15. POWER ON
$ cd service-a
$ ./gradlew run
> Task :run
[main] INFO io.micronaut.runtime.Micronaut - Startup completed in
955ms. Server Running: http://localhost:8080
$./mvnw compile exec:exec
[INFO] --- exec-maven-plugin:1.6.0:exec (default-cli) @ service-a ---
[main] INFO io.micronaut.runtime.Micronaut - Startup completed in
778ms. Server Running: http://localhost:8080

16. HOT RESTART
1. Enable with micronaut.io.watch.restart: true in
configuration properties
2. Run Gradle or Maven (via shell script) in
continuous build mode
(Alternatively, an external library like JRebel or Spring Loaded can be used -
the CLI includes features for all of these options)

17. HOT RESTART
$ mn create-app service-a --features file-watch
configurations {
developmentOnly
}
dependencies {
developmentOnly "io.micronaut:micronaut-runtime-osx"
developmentOnly "net.java.dev.jna:jna"
developmentOnly "io.methvin:directory-watcher"
}
run.classpath += configurations.developmentOnly
build.gradle
…or add configuration/dependencies manually:
micronaut:
io:
watch:
paths: src/main
restart: true
src/main/resources/application.yml

18. HOT RESTART
$ gradle run --continuous
#!/usr/bin/env sh
while true; do
./mvn compile exec:exec
sleep 1s
done
With file-watch enabled, run Gradle in continuous build mode…
If using Maven, a simple shell script accomplishes the same goal.
The result: the Micronaut application is restarted when a file change is
detected, making development time changes a breeze!

19. HELLO WORLD
package example.micronaut;
import io.micronaut.http.MediaType;
import io.micronaut.http.annotation.Controller;
import io.micronaut.http.annotation.Get;
import io.micronaut.http.annotation.Produces;
@Controller("/hello")
public class HelloController {
@Get
@Produces(MediaType.TEXT_PLAIN)
public String index() {
return "Hello World";
}
}
src/main/java/example/micronaut/HelloController.java

20. TEST FLIGHT
@MicronautTest
public class HelloControllerTest {
@Inject @Client(“/") RxHttpClient client;
@Test public void testHello() {
HttpRequest<String> request = HttpRequest.GET("/hello");
String body = client.toBlocking().retrieve(request);
assertNotNull(body);
assertEquals("Hello World", body);
}
}
src/test/java/example/micronaut/HelloControllerTest.java
$ ./gradlew test
$ open build/reports/tests/test/index.html
Running tests and viewing results:

21. DEPENDENCY INJECTION
• Micronaut’s DI implements JSR 330 (javax.inject annotations)
• Beans can be injected via @Inject or as constructor arguments
• At compile-time, Micronaut analyzes your classes and generates bean
definition classes that implement the required DI logic
• Aspect Oriented Programming (AOP) capabilities are analyzed and
generated in the same way
• The result: runtime reflection and reading/caching of metadata is
avoided, leading to drastic improvements in startup and memory
usage

22. DEPENDENCY INJECTION
@Singleton //Bean definition generated at compile time
class WeatherService {
Integer currentTemp() { //... }
}
@Controller('/weather')
class WeatherController {
@Inject WeatherService weatherService
//DI computed at compile time
@Get("/")
HttpResponse<Integer> currentTemp() {
HttpResponse.ok(weatherService.currentTemp())
}
}

23. DEPENDENCY INJECTION
• Micronaut creates and manages a BeanContext
• In addition to beans, Optionals, Iterables, Streams, Arrays & Providers
can also be injected
• Qualifiers can be applied to injected beans (e.g, @Named)
• Bean scopes as specified by JSR 330 (@Singleton, @RequestScope,
@Refreshable, @ThreadLocal, etc)
• Bean instantiation can be made @Conditional (on configuration, other
beans, etc) and @Fallbacks can be specified when a bean cannot be
created

24. CLIENTS
@Client("/hello")
public interface HelloClient {
@Get
String hello();
}
src/main/java/example/micronaut/HelloClient.java
@Inject HelloClient client();
public String greeting() {
return client.hello();
}
Client can now be injected and called:

25. CLIENTS
@Client("https://api.twitter.com/1.1")
@Client("${my.serverUrl:`http://localhost:8080`}")
@Client("service-a")
Fixed absolute URL
Configuration property (with optional default)
Service ID (from a service discovery registry)

26. SERVICE DISCOVERY
• Micronaut supports multiple approaches to service discovery:
• DNS-based configuration
• Standalone discovery server (e.g, Consul, Eureka, ZooKeeper)
• Delegation to a cloud provider (e.g.,AWS Route 53)
• Delegation to a container runtime (e.g, Kubernetes)
• Micronaut abstracts the integration with specific service discovery registries
through a DiscoveryClient interface
• When multiple instances of a given service are registered, Micronaut will
automatically load-balance between them

27. https://guides.micronaut.io/micronaut-microservices-services-discover-consul

28. https://guides.micronaut.io/micronaut-microservices-services-discover-consul

29. https://guides.micronaut.io/micronaut-microservices-services-discover-consul

30. SERVICE DISCOVERY
$ mn create-app service-a --features discovery-consul
| Generating Java project...
| Application created at /Users/dev/service-a
implementation ‘io.micronaut:micronaut-discovery-client'
build.gradle …or add dependency manually:

31. SERVICE DISCOVERY
src/main/resources/application.yml
micronaut:
application:
name: service-a
consul:
client:
registration:
enabled: true
defaultZone: "${CONSUL_HOST:localhost}:${CONSUL_PORT:8500}"
$ docker run -p 8500:8500 consul:1.2.4
Start up Consul with Docker

32. RETRYING & CIRCUIT BREAKERS
• Micronaut provides annotations to specify behavior when a
method call fails (such as a loss of connection with another service)
• @Retryable indicates that the method call should be re-attempted
for a configurable number of times, before throwing an exception
@Retryable(
attempts = “5",
delay = “2s"
)
public Book findBook(String title) { //...
@Retryable(attempts = "${book.retry.attempts:3}",
delay = "${book.retry.delay:1s}" )

33. RETRYING & CIRCUIT BREAKERS
• @CircuitBreaker is a variation of @Retryable which (after a set
number of failures) will instantly re-throw the exception without
waiting for the method to fail.
• This allows an external service or resource time to recover (e.g,
an overloaded database server)
@CircuitBreaker(
attempts = “5",
delay = “2s”
reset = “30s”
)
public Book findBook(String title) { //...

34. CONFIGURATION
Micronaut apps can accept configuration from a variety of
sources:
• Configuration files (accepted formats are properties files,YAML,
JSON, Groovy; e.g: /src/main/resources/application.yml)
• System properties/Environment variables
• Distributed configuration (e.g Consul, Spring Cloud Config,
AWS Parameter Store)

35. CONFIGURATION
micronaut:
application:
name: service-a
---
consul:
client:
registration:
enabled: true
defaultZone: "${CONSUL_HOST:localhost}:${CONSUL_PORT:8500}"
---
datasources:
default:
url: jdbc:h2:mem:devDb;MVCC=TRUE;LOCK_TIMEOUT=10000;DB_CLOSE_ON_EXIT=FALSE
driverClassName: org.h2.Driver
username: sa
password: ''
dialect: H2
src/main/resources/application.yml

36. CONFIGURATION
@Singleton
public class EngineImpl implements Engine {
@Value("${my.engine.cylinders:6}")
protected int cylinders;
//...
}
src/main/java/EngineImpl.java
@Value("http://${my.host}:${my.port}")
URL url;
@Value("${my.url:`http://foo.com`}")
URL url;
Multiple placeholders
Default value

37. CONFIGURATION PROPERTIES
team:
name: 'Steelers'
color: 'Black'
player-names:
- 'Mason Rudolph'
- 'James Connor'
src/main/resources/application.yml
@ConfigurationProperties("team")
public class TeamConfiguration {
private String name;
private String color;
private List<String> playerNames;
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
public String getColor() {
return color;
}
public void setColor(String color) {
this.color = color;
}
public List<String> getPlayerNames() {
return playerNames;
}
public void setPlayerNames(List<String> playerNames) {
this.playerNames = playerNames;
}
}
https://guides.micronaut.io/micronaut-configuration
src/main/java/TeamConfiguration.java
@Inject
TeamConfiguration config;
@Get
public String index() {
return config.getName();
}
src/main/java/TeamController.java
The above config can now be
injected as a configuration bean:

38. DISTRIBUTED CONFIGURATION
• Micronaut provides a ConfigurationClient
interface which can resolve config from
distributed (cloud) sources
• Integrations available for Consul,Vault,
Spring Cloud Config, and AWS Parameter
Store Support
• Can be setup via a CLI feature or
manually

39. DISTRIBUTED CONFIGURATION
$ mn create-app service-a --features config-consul
…or add the configuration manually in a file named bootstrap.yml:
micronaut:
application:
name: service-a
config-client:
enabled: true
consul:
client:
defaultZone: "${CONSUL_HOST:localhost}:${CONSUL_PORT:8500}"
src/main/resources/bootstrap.yml
$ curl -X PUT -d @- localhost:8500/v1/kv/config/application/foo.bar <<< myvalue
We can now populate our Consul config service - the key foo.bar will contain the value myvalue

40. MONITORING
• Micronaut’s management module provides endpoint for health checks and other
monitoring needs
• Also provides API for implementing custom health checks and endpoints
• Built-in endpoints include:
• /beans — Returns loaded bean definitions from the application context
• /info — Returns static information from the application state
• /health — Returns information about the health of the application
• /metrics — Return application metrics *
• /routes — Returns available URIs in the application
• /loggers — Returns available loggers and allows change of log level
• /stop — Shuts down server on receiving a POST request
* Requires additional Micrometer metrics dependency

41. MONITORING
$ mn create-app service-a --features management
implementation 'io.micronaut:micronaut-management'
build.gradle
…or add dependency manually:
micronaut:
security:
enabled: true
endpoints:
beans:
enabled: true
sensitive: true
info:
enabled: true
sensitive: false
src/main/resources/application.yml
If the micronaut-security
dependency is loaded, endpoints can
be marked as “sensitive” to secure
private information
https://micronaut-projects.github.io/micronaut-security

42. MONITORING

43. DISTRIBUTEDTRACING
• Micronaut provides distributed tracing
support for the OpenTracing spec (any
implementation)
• Allows “spans” to be defined at the
method and class-level via annotations
• Also defines an instance of the
io.opentracing.Tracer interface for
complete functionality
• Integration with Jaeger and Zipkin
available via CLI features

44. DISTRIBUTEDTRACING
$ mn create-app service-a --features tracing-zipkin //or tracing-jaeger
implementation 'io.micronaut:micronaut-tracing'
runtime 'io.zipkin.brave:brave-instrumentation-http'
runtime 'io.zipkin.reporter2:zipkin-reporter'
implementation 'io.opentracing.brave:brave-opentracing'
build.gradle …or add dependencies manually:
tracing:
jaeger:
enabled: true
sampler:
probability: 0.5
src/main/resources/application.yml
https://guides.micronaut.io/micronaut-microservices-distributed-tracing-jaeger
$ docker run -d -p 9411:9411
openzipkin/zipkin
Start up the Zipkin “collector" via Docker:

45. DISTRIBUTEDTRACING
@NewSpan("productList")
List<Product> productList() {
//Get products
}
@ContinueSpan
@Get(“/{id}”)
HttpResponse<Product> show(Long id) {
//Get product
}
@Get("/{productNumber}")
HttpResponse<Integer> hits(
@SpanTag("product") String product
) {}
• @NewSpan begins a new
tracing segment at this
method
• @ContinueSpan includes
this method within the
current span
• @SpanTag allows metadata
to be added to the (new
or current) span

46. DISTRIBUTEDTRACING
import io.opentracing.Tracer
import javax.inject.Inject
import javax.inject.Singleton
@Singleton
class StorefrontService {
@Inject
Tracer tracer
@NewSpan("productList")
List<ProductDetails> productList() {
products = //Get products
tracer.activeSpan().setTag("count", products.size())
products
}
Micronaut defines an instance of OpenTracing’s Tracer interface as a bean

47. DISTRIBUTEDTRACING
Tracing providers (Zipkin in this example) usually include a
web-based UI for viewing and interacting with tracing data

48. API DOCUMENTATION
• Micronaut can generate OpenAPI (Swagger)YAML
definitions at compilation time
• Standard Micronaut annotations (@Controller, @Get,
@Consumes, etc) and method return types (POJOs) will be
analyzed and corresponding SwaggerYML written to the file
• Standard Swagger annotations can be used to customize/
override the generatedYAML
• Micronaut can handle merging of OpenAPI schemas from
multiple modules (e.g., when using Micronaut Security)

49. API DOCUMENTATION
$ mn create-app service-a --features swagger-java
annotationProcessor("io.micronaut.configuration:micronaut-openapi:1.4.0")
implementation("io.swagger.core.v3:swagger-annotations:1.4.0")
build.gradle …or add dependencies manually:
@OpenAPIDefinition(
info = @Info(
title = "Hello World",
version = "0.0",
description = "My API",
license = @License(name = "Apache 2.0", url = "http://foo.bar"),
contact = @Contact(
url = "http://gigantic-server.com",
name = "Fred",
email = “Fred@gigagantic-server.com"
)
)
)
src/main/java/Application.java
Add an @OpenAPIDefinition
for your app:

50. API DOCUMENTATION
https://dzone.com/articles/a-quick-guide-to-microservices-with-the-micronaut
micronaut:
router:
static-resources:
swagger:
paths: classpath:META-INF/swagger
mapping: /swagger/**
src/main/resources/application.yml
Configuration to expose Swagger
YAML over the server:

51. MICRONAUT SPRING
https://micronaut-projects.github.io/micronaut-spring/latest/
• Allows Spring components to be integrated into Micronaut
apps*
• Allows a Spring app to be run as a Micronaut app
• Expose Micronaut beans to a Spring app
• At compilation time, Micronaut maps supported Spring
annotations to corresponding Micronaut ones
• Certain Spring interfaces are also mapped at compile time and
can be used (ApplicationContext, Environment, BeanFactory, etc)

52. MICRONAUT SPRING
https://micronaut-projects.github.io/micronaut-spring/latest/
• Micronaut for Spring can serve as a “parent context”
for a Spring app, making components written in
Micronaut (e.g, the Kafka client, Discovery client, etc)
available to the Spring context
• Most Spring Boot annotations are supported
(@ConfigurationProperties, @ConditionalOn*, @Endpoint)
• Limitations:AspectJ, SpEL, and Servlet API are not
supported by Micronaut

53. MICRONAUT DATA
https://micronaut-projects.github.io/micronaut-data/latest
• A persistence framework written especially for Micronaut
• Uses AOT compilation to pre-compute queries, provide
type-checking
• No runtime reflection, no in-memory model, and no
runtime query generation
• Supports Reactive query execution (Publisher or RxJava)

54. MICRONAUT DATA
https://micronaut-projects.github.io/micronaut-data/latest
package example;
import io.micronaut.data.annotation.*;
import io.micronaut.data.model.*;
import io.micronaut.data.repository.CrudRepository;
import java.util.List;
@Repository
interface BookRepository extends CrudRepository<Book, Long> {
Book find(String title);
}

55. Tomorrow in this room (411) at 10:20AM

56. BUILDING FOR PRODUCTION
• Micronaut apps can be built as “fat” (or “uber”) JAR
files using the Gradle Shadow Jar plugin or Maven
Shade plugin (provided automatically by the CLI).
$ ./gradlew shadowJar
$ ./mvnw package
$ java -jar build/libs/service-a-all.jar
Application can now be deployed as a runnable JAR:

57. GRAALVM
• GraalVM is an alternativeVM that
provides native image capability and
minimal overhead
• Micronaut applications can be
configured to run within a GraalVM
native image using a provided script
• Micronaut’s avoidance of reflection
makes it a perfect choice for apps
targeting GraalVM

58. GRAALVM
$ mn create-app service-a --features graal-native-image
Use the CLI feature to generate config and Dockerfile:
$ ./gradlew assemble
$ ./docker-build.sh
Build JAR file and run the provided build script to build image:
$ docker run -p 8080:8080 micronaut-graal-app
10:29:46.845 [main] INFO io.micronaut.runtime.Micronaut - Startup completed
in 12ms. Server Running: http://localhost:8080
The application can now be run by executing the native image:

59. TOTHE CLOUD
• Micronaut provides integration and
environment-detection for numerous cloud
platforms
• Cloud-specific configuration can be applied
with application-[provider].yml files (e.g.,
application-gcp.yml)
• Can also use Groovy config files if imperative
logic is required - e.g, obtaining values from a
distributed config server

60. AMAZON WEB SERVICES
https://guides.micronaut.io/micronaut-elasticbeanstalk
• Micronaut supports AWS specific
configuration (e.g, application-aws.yml files)
• Also includes a CLI profile for creating AWS
Lambda applications (functions)
• Consult Micronaut Guides website for
tutorials on deploying to AWS Elastic
Beanstalk and Lambda
https://guides.micronaut.io/micronaut-function-graalvm-aws-lambda-gateway

61. MICROSOFT AZURE
https://github.com/microsoft/azure-maven-plugins
• Micronaut supports Azure specific
configuration (e.g, application-azure.yml files)
• Microsoft provides a Maven plugin to facilitate
Azure deployments (community-supported
Gradle plugin also available)
• Consult Micronaut Guides website for
tutorials on deploying to Microsoft Azure
https://guides.micronaut.io/micronaut-azure-cloud/guide/index.html

62. GOOGLE CLOUD
• (Assuming a properly configured GCP
project)
• The simplest approach is to use
Google’s own App Engine Gradle Plugin
buildscript {
repositories {
mavenCentral()
}
dependencies {
classpath 'com.google.cloud.tools:appengine-gradle-plugin:2.2.0'
}
}
apply plugin: 'com.google.cloud.tools.appengine'
build.gradle

63. GOOGLE CLOUD
ext {
appEngineProjectVersion = project.version
appEngineProjectId = 'calm-history-228704'
}
appengine {
stage.artifact = "${buildDir}/libs/${project.name}-${project.version}-all.jar"
deploy {
projectId = appEngineProjectId
version = appEngineProjectVersion
}
}
build.gradle
runtime: java
env: flex
src/main/appengine/app.yml
Minimal GAE config:
https://guides.micronaut.io/micronaut-gradle-google-cloud
https://cloud.google.com/appengine/docs/standard/java/tools/gradle
https://cloud.google.com/appengine/docs/standard/java/config/appref

64. GOOGLE CLOUD
$ ./gradlew appengineDeploy
Deployed service [default] to [https://calm-
history-228704.appspot.com]
You can stream logs from the command line by
running:
$ gcloud app logs tail -s default
To view your application in the web browser run:
$ gcloud app browse
BUILD SUCCESSFUL in 7m 26s
13 actionable tasks: 11 executed, 2 up-to-date
$ curl https://calm-history-228704.appspot.com
Micronaut on App Engine
https://guides.micronaut.io/micronaut-gradle-google-cloud

65. DEMO

66. AND MORE…
• Micronaut Kafka
• Micronaut Kubernetes
• Micronaut JAX-RS
• Micronaut PicoCLI
• Micronaut Kotlin
• Micronaut Micrometer
• Micronaut Security
• Micronaut Elasticsearch
• Micronaut Flyway
• Micronaut Cassandra
• Micronaut RabbitMQ
• Micronaut GraphQL

67. SUMMARY
• Micronaut is a full-featured framework designed
for modern cloud-based architectures
• Offers a slew of features that are useful in almost
every sort of application (not just microservices!)
• Micronaut is actively evolving and new capabilities
and integrations are being developed as we speak
• Micronaut community is growing and is super
helpful - join the Gitter channel! https://gitter.im/
micronautfw/

68. RESOURCES
• https://micronaut.io
• https://github.com/micronaut-projects
• User Guide: https://docs.micronaut.io
• Micronaut Guides: https://
guides.micronaut.io
• Awesome Micronaut: https://github.com/
JonasHavers/awesome-micronaut

69. MICRONAUT PETSTORE
https://github.com/micronaut-projects/micronaut-examples/

70. JOINTHE GITTER COMMUNITY
https://gitter.im/micronautfw/

71. © 2019, Object Computing, Inc. (OCI). All rights reserved. objectcomputing.com
71
Events:
● objectcomputing.com/events
Training:
● objectcomputing.com/training
● grailstraining.com
● micronauttraining.com
Or email info@ocitraining.com to schedule a custom training program for
your team online, on site, or in our state-of-the-art, Midwest training lab.
LEARN MORE ABOUT OCI EVENTS AND TRAINING

72. THANK YOU!
Zachary Klein
@ZacharyAKlein
kleinz@objectcomputing.com
Come visit our booth! Just
outside of room 307 in the
main vendor hall