The document provides an overview of embedded systems, defining them as microprocessor-based subsystems used in various applications like automotive, medical, and military sectors. It discusses essential components such as microprocessors, sensors, and memory, as well as design considerations including response time and cost. Additionally, it describes the characteristics and classifications of embedded systems and highlights the 89c2051 microcontroller's features.

1. Theory and Design
TECNOCRATS INFOETECH @ 9540854414
1

2. What is an Embedded System
An Embedded System is a microprocessor based
system that is embedded as a subsystem, in a
larger system (which may or may not be a
computer system).
I O
Tecnocrats Infotech
www.tecnocrats.com
TECNOCRATS INFOETECH @ 9540854414 9540854414 2

3. Application areas
 Automotive electronics
 Aircraft electronics
 Trains
 Telecommunication
TECNOCRATS INFOETECH @ 9540854414 3

4. Application areas
• Medical systems
• Military applications
• Authentication
TECNOCRATS INFOETECH @ 9540854414 4

5. Essential Components
 Microprocessor
 Sensors
 Converters (A-D and D-A)
 Actuators
 Memory (On-chip and Off chip)
 Communication path with the interacting
environment
TECNOCRATS INFOETECH @ 9540854414 5

6. A- D- Actuator
Sensor Processor
D A
Memory
TECNOCRATS INFOETECH @ 9540854414 6

7. Essential Considerations
 Response Time -- Real Time Systems
 Area
 Cost
 Portability
 Low Power (Battery Life)
 Fault Tolerance
TECNOCRATS INFOETECH @ 9540854414 7

8. Design Issues
(Hardware-Software Co-design)
 System Specification
 Functions, Real Time Constraints, Cost and Power
Constraints
 Hardware Software Partitioning
 Hardware Synthesis
 Simulation
 Implementation
TECNOCRATS INFOETECH @ 9540854414 8

9. General Characteristics of Embedded
Systems
 Perform a single task
 Usually not general purpose
 Increasingly high performance and real time
constrained
 Power, cost and reliability are important
considerations
 HW-SW systems
 Software is used for more features and flexibility
 Hardware (processors, ASICs, memory etc. are used
for performance and security
TECNOCRATS INFOETECH @ 9540854414 9

10. Classification of Embedded
Systems
 Distributed and Non distributed
 Reactive and Transformational
 Control dominated and Data dominated
TECNOCRATS INFOETECH @ 9540854414 10

11. “ The New York Times has
estimated that the average Most of the
American comes into contact functionality
with about 60 micro- of embedded
processors every day....” systems
will be
implemented
in software!
Latest top-level BMWs
contain over 100 micro-
processors
[Personal communication]
TECNOCRATS INFOETECH @ 11
9540854414

12. MICROCONTROLLER
( 89C2051)
The AT 89C2051 is a low voltage, high
performance CMOS 8-bit microcontroller with 2K
bytes of flash programmable memory.
TECNOCRATS INFOETECH @ 9540854414 12

13. Pin diagram
TECNOCRATS INFOETECH @ 9540854414 13

14. Qualities of 89C2051 microcontroller
 Cost effectiveness.
 89C2051 has only 15 I/O lines so, port1 and port3 are only
available on it.
 The architecture of 89C2051 does not support any external
address/data bus and therefore RD,WR signals are absent .
 The 89C2051 also supports full-duplex serial
communication and six interrupt sources.
TECNOCRATS INFOETECH @ 9540854414 14

15. THANK YOU
By Tecnocrats Infotech
9540854414
TECNOCRATS INFOETECH @ 9540854414 15