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Microbiological
Shelf Life Evaluations
         Ivy Cho                         Heather Smith
Business Development Director   Research Microbiology Assistant Manager
      ivyc@abcr.com                      heathers@abcr.com
What does shelf life mean?

    • It is the extent of time for
      which a food remains
      usable, acceptable for
      consumption, or saleable
      from manufacturing until
      reaching the “best before
      date”, “sell by date”, or
      “use by date”.
          – These terms all relate to the
            quality of the food
Microbiological Shelf Life Evaluations
Terms used to describe shelf life

    • A "Sell-By" date tells the store how long to display
      the product for sale. You should buy the product
      before the date expires.

    • A "Best if Used By (or Before)" date is
      recommended for best flavor or quality. It is not a
      purchase or safety date.

    • A "Use-By" date is the last date recommended for
      the use of the product while at peak quality. The
      date has been determined by the manufacturer
      of the product.

    • "Closed or coded dates" are packing numbers for
      use by the manufacturer.
Microbiological Shelf Life Evaluations
Shelf life influences

                 Growers/ Producers                      Other suppliers



                                         Manufacturers



                                          Distributors



                                           Retailers



                                          Consumers

Microbiological Shelf Life Evaluations
Factors that affect the shelf life

    •   Moisture
    •   Water activity
    •   Fat/oil content
    •   Alcohol content
    •   Flavor loss
    •   Texture changes
    •   Color changes
    •   Acid content
    •   pH
    •   Light exposure
    •   Microbial spoilage
Microbiological Shelf Life Evaluations
Real time shelf life evaluations

    • This is applicable in ambient,
      refrigerated, and frozen foods where the
      storage temperature is real time.

                                                   •   Microbiological
                                                       evaluations are
                                                       applicable in
                                                       refrigerated (and
                                                       sometimes ambient)
                                                       foods.

Microbiological Shelf Life Evaluations
Real time shelf life

    • Products are stored under normal conditions for the
      length of time desired by the client. Manufacturer
      may wish to evaluate products for a time length
      greater than the expected shelf life to determine
      the deterioration point




Microbiological Shelf Life Evaluations
Microbial Quality Shelf Life Evaluation
                                             (refrigerated foods)

  • Products analyzed for applicable quality
    indicators (product specific)
        –   Aerobic Plate Count
        –   Gram-negative Bacteria count
        –   Lactic Acid Bacteria Count
        –   Yeast & Mold Counts

  • Assesses microbiological quality of a product
    (not safety)

  • Results best understood by concurrent microbial
    and organoleptic quality evaluations
Microbiological Shelf Life Evaluations
Total plate count humor
Microbial Quality Shelf Life Evaluation
                                               (ambient foods)

    • Microbiologically safe/stable foods
          – Organoleptic Quality Shelf Life

    • -Microbiologically safe foods/not
      microbiologically stable under
      ambient storage conditions
          – Organoleptic Quality Shelf Life
          – Microbial Quality Shelf Life


Microbiological Shelf Life Evaluations
Types of Microbiological
                                              safety testing

    1.     Chemical testing
    2.     Product Assessment
    3.     Challenge study
    4.     Growth studies
    5.     Lethality studies




Microbiological Shelf Life Evaluations
1. Chemical testing

      – Safety can often be addressed via minimal
        chemical testing, e.g.:
            • Water activity (aw)
            • pH
            • NaCl




Microbiological Shelf Life Evaluations
2. Product Assessment

                                              – Predictive modeling
                                                and safety
                                                assessment based on
                                                chemical
                                                parameters, storage
                                                temperature, shelf
                                                life, packaging, etc.




Microbiological Shelf Life Evaluations
3. Challenge Study

          – Products inoculated with pertinent
            pathogens
          – Inoculation level depends on study
            objective
          – Storage temperature and shelf life mimic
            worst case scenario




Microbiological Shelf Life Evaluations
4. Growth studies

     – Microbial levels monitored to detect
       outgrowth or control of pertinent pathogens
           • Example: Listeria monocytogenes challenge study
             in refrigerated deli products




Microbiological Shelf Life Evaluations
5. Lethality studies

          – Verify target lethality (e.g., 5-log
            reduction) in pertinent pathogens
                 • Example: 5-log reduction of acid-tolerant
                   pathogens in cold-packed, acidified hot
                   sauce




Microbiological Shelf Life Evaluations
Questions?


    For additional
    information, please
    contact us at
    352.372.0436 or visit our
    website at abcr.com




Microbiological Shelf Life Evaluations

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Microbiological shelf life evaluations

  • 1. Microbiological Shelf Life Evaluations Ivy Cho Heather Smith Business Development Director Research Microbiology Assistant Manager ivyc@abcr.com heathers@abcr.com
  • 2. What does shelf life mean? • It is the extent of time for which a food remains usable, acceptable for consumption, or saleable from manufacturing until reaching the “best before date”, “sell by date”, or “use by date”. – These terms all relate to the quality of the food Microbiological Shelf Life Evaluations
  • 3. Terms used to describe shelf life • A "Sell-By" date tells the store how long to display the product for sale. You should buy the product before the date expires. • A "Best if Used By (or Before)" date is recommended for best flavor or quality. It is not a purchase or safety date. • A "Use-By" date is the last date recommended for the use of the product while at peak quality. The date has been determined by the manufacturer of the product. • "Closed or coded dates" are packing numbers for use by the manufacturer. Microbiological Shelf Life Evaluations
  • 4. Shelf life influences Growers/ Producers Other suppliers Manufacturers Distributors Retailers Consumers Microbiological Shelf Life Evaluations
  • 5. Factors that affect the shelf life • Moisture • Water activity • Fat/oil content • Alcohol content • Flavor loss • Texture changes • Color changes • Acid content • pH • Light exposure • Microbial spoilage Microbiological Shelf Life Evaluations
  • 6. Real time shelf life evaluations • This is applicable in ambient, refrigerated, and frozen foods where the storage temperature is real time. • Microbiological evaluations are applicable in refrigerated (and sometimes ambient) foods. Microbiological Shelf Life Evaluations
  • 7. Real time shelf life • Products are stored under normal conditions for the length of time desired by the client. Manufacturer may wish to evaluate products for a time length greater than the expected shelf life to determine the deterioration point Microbiological Shelf Life Evaluations
  • 8. Microbial Quality Shelf Life Evaluation (refrigerated foods) • Products analyzed for applicable quality indicators (product specific) – Aerobic Plate Count – Gram-negative Bacteria count – Lactic Acid Bacteria Count – Yeast & Mold Counts • Assesses microbiological quality of a product (not safety) • Results best understood by concurrent microbial and organoleptic quality evaluations Microbiological Shelf Life Evaluations
  • 10. Microbial Quality Shelf Life Evaluation (ambient foods) • Microbiologically safe/stable foods – Organoleptic Quality Shelf Life • -Microbiologically safe foods/not microbiologically stable under ambient storage conditions – Organoleptic Quality Shelf Life – Microbial Quality Shelf Life Microbiological Shelf Life Evaluations
  • 11. Types of Microbiological safety testing 1. Chemical testing 2. Product Assessment 3. Challenge study 4. Growth studies 5. Lethality studies Microbiological Shelf Life Evaluations
  • 12. 1. Chemical testing – Safety can often be addressed via minimal chemical testing, e.g.: • Water activity (aw) • pH • NaCl Microbiological Shelf Life Evaluations
  • 13. 2. Product Assessment – Predictive modeling and safety assessment based on chemical parameters, storage temperature, shelf life, packaging, etc. Microbiological Shelf Life Evaluations
  • 14. 3. Challenge Study – Products inoculated with pertinent pathogens – Inoculation level depends on study objective – Storage temperature and shelf life mimic worst case scenario Microbiological Shelf Life Evaluations
  • 15. 4. Growth studies – Microbial levels monitored to detect outgrowth or control of pertinent pathogens • Example: Listeria monocytogenes challenge study in refrigerated deli products Microbiological Shelf Life Evaluations
  • 16. 5. Lethality studies – Verify target lethality (e.g., 5-log reduction) in pertinent pathogens • Example: 5-log reduction of acid-tolerant pathogens in cold-packed, acidified hot sauce Microbiological Shelf Life Evaluations
  • 17. Questions? For additional information, please contact us at 352.372.0436 or visit our website at abcr.com Microbiological Shelf Life Evaluations