Michael Faraday was an English scientist born in 1791 who made important contributions to electrochemistry and electromagnetism. Some of his key discoveries include the electromagnetic motor, which demonstrated the relationship between electricity and magnetism. He also showed that electric charge accumulates on the outside of conductors regardless of what's inside, which is the basis for the Faraday cage. Through experiments with batteries, chemicals, and static electricity, Faraday advanced the understanding of electricity and laid the foundations of modern electromagnetic technology.