Michael Faraday was a British scientist born in 1791 who made groundbreaking discoveries in electromagnetism through experimental research. Some of his key accomplishments included discovering electromagnetic induction, which showed that a changing magnetic field can generate an electric current and laid the foundation for modern power generation. He also discovered electrolysis and its relationship to electric current and chemical reactions, and demonstrated the conversion of electrical energy to mechanical motion through electromagnetic rotation, paving the way for electric motors and generators. Faraday's work revolutionized physics and established the foundation of modern power systems and electromagnetism.