Imagine a healthcare system where people live long, healthy lives, receiving quality, affordable care, with clinicians nationwide collaborating to improve outcomes. That's Accountable Care! Learn the benefits of becoming an ACO in this insightful eBook.
A look at the top healthcare issues affecting healthcare providers and consumers in 2019 and beyond. Payment and practice patterns shifts are affecting when, where and how healthcare consumers are accessing and paying for care. Healthcare technology is fueling the change as providers struggle to keep pace and deliver high patient satisfaction and engagement. Consumer demands are growing as more of the cost burden is shifted to the employee as employer sponsored health plans see an unprecedented shift in the way they provide care for employees.
In Spring 2013, we are on the precipice of dramatic, disruptive change in the health field that offers an unprecedented opportunity and challenge to transform health care and population health.
We know that traditional public health approaches along with more and better health care are not enough to improve health outcomes, equity, and cost. We must also:
- implement sustainable, fundamental "upstream" changes that address the root causes of disease and disability; and
- transform the way we deliver health care to ensure access to quality, affordable health care for all.
Enjoy this Bright Spot presentation with David Law of Joy-Southfield Community Development Corporation, which was presented at the 2013 Annual Leadership Conference, co-sponsored by the Center for Health Leadership (CHL) and the California Pacific Public Health Training Center (CALPACT) at UC Berkeley's School of Public Health.
To learn more about this event, please visit:
http://calpact.org/index.php/en/events/leadership-conference
Learn more about CALPACT:
http://calpact.org/
Learn more about the CHL:
http://chl.berkeley.edu/
The Wellness Consumer & Brands Winning CustomersNick Gaudiosi
What does the wellness consumer look like? How are they different than a traditional healthcare consumer? What brands are winning customers in the wellness economy? This piece looks to answer all of these questions and more..
This presentation was delivered in Second Life in Virtual Ability's Independence Island to discuss the potential impacts of the Affordable Care Act on the Disabled community and their caregivers.
Imagine a healthcare system where people live long, healthy lives, receiving quality, affordable care, with clinicians nationwide collaborating to improve outcomes. That's Accountable Care! Learn the benefits of becoming an ACO in this insightful eBook.
A look at the top healthcare issues affecting healthcare providers and consumers in 2019 and beyond. Payment and practice patterns shifts are affecting when, where and how healthcare consumers are accessing and paying for care. Healthcare technology is fueling the change as providers struggle to keep pace and deliver high patient satisfaction and engagement. Consumer demands are growing as more of the cost burden is shifted to the employee as employer sponsored health plans see an unprecedented shift in the way they provide care for employees.
In Spring 2013, we are on the precipice of dramatic, disruptive change in the health field that offers an unprecedented opportunity and challenge to transform health care and population health.
We know that traditional public health approaches along with more and better health care are not enough to improve health outcomes, equity, and cost. We must also:
- implement sustainable, fundamental "upstream" changes that address the root causes of disease and disability; and
- transform the way we deliver health care to ensure access to quality, affordable health care for all.
Enjoy this Bright Spot presentation with David Law of Joy-Southfield Community Development Corporation, which was presented at the 2013 Annual Leadership Conference, co-sponsored by the Center for Health Leadership (CHL) and the California Pacific Public Health Training Center (CALPACT) at UC Berkeley's School of Public Health.
To learn more about this event, please visit:
http://calpact.org/index.php/en/events/leadership-conference
Learn more about CALPACT:
http://calpact.org/
Learn more about the CHL:
http://chl.berkeley.edu/
The Wellness Consumer & Brands Winning CustomersNick Gaudiosi
What does the wellness consumer look like? How are they different than a traditional healthcare consumer? What brands are winning customers in the wellness economy? This piece looks to answer all of these questions and more..
This presentation was delivered in Second Life in Virtual Ability's Independence Island to discuss the potential impacts of the Affordable Care Act on the Disabled community and their caregivers.
This presentation offers critical insights on thinking and acting on health equity.
Bob Gardner, Director of Policy
www.wellesleyinstitute.com
Follow us on twitter @wellesleyWI
Because everyone matters.
IBM Health and Social Programs Summit, October 2014
Craig Rhinehart’s Blog
Insights from NASHP Conference in Atlanta
Trick or Treating for State Healthcare Innovation Treats
http://craigrhinehart.com
Anna Ratzliff, MD, PhD, Associate Director for Education, Division of Integrated Care & Public Health Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington
Latino Health Forum 2014
Patient Centered Medical home talk at WVUPaul Grundy
To employers the cost of healthcare is now a business issue and this talk is about what one large buyer IBM did to drive transformation via broad coalition with other large employers to form the Patient Centered Medical Home movement and the covenant between buyer and provider away from the garbage we now buy episodic uncoordinated disintegrated care. In the change of convenient conversation we have worked with the Primary care providers to give us coordinated, integrated, accessible and compressive care with a set of principles know as the Patient centered medical home.
A Patient Centered Medical Home (PCMH) happens when primary care healers keeping that core healing relationship with their patients step up to become specialists in Family and Community Medicine. The move is to the discipline of leading a team that delivers population health management, patent centered prevention, care that is coordination, comprehensive accessible 24/7 and integrated across a deliver system. PCMH happens when the specialists in Family and Community Medicine wake up every morning and ask the question how will my team improve the health of my community today?
All over the world three huge factors are in play that is driving the concept of Patient Centered Medical Home. They are:
1) Cost and demography
2) Information technology and data (information that is actionable will equal a demand for accountability by the payer or buyer of the care)
3) Consumer demand to engage healthcare differently (at least as well as they can their bank- on line) have a question about lab results why not e-mail?
But at its core it is a move toward integration of a healing relationship in primary care and population management all at the point of care with the tools to do just that.
Presentation given by Eric C. Schneider, MD, Senior Vice President for Policy and Research of The Commonwealth Fund at the University of Michigan Institute for Healthcare Policy and Innovation in Ann Arbor, MI on December 7, 2017.
This presentation offers critical insights on thinking and acting on health equity.
Bob Gardner, Director of Policy
www.wellesleyinstitute.com
Follow us on twitter @wellesleyWI
Because everyone matters.
IBM Health and Social Programs Summit, October 2014
Craig Rhinehart’s Blog
Insights from NASHP Conference in Atlanta
Trick or Treating for State Healthcare Innovation Treats
http://craigrhinehart.com
Anna Ratzliff, MD, PhD, Associate Director for Education, Division of Integrated Care & Public Health Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington
Latino Health Forum 2014
Patient Centered Medical home talk at WVUPaul Grundy
To employers the cost of healthcare is now a business issue and this talk is about what one large buyer IBM did to drive transformation via broad coalition with other large employers to form the Patient Centered Medical Home movement and the covenant between buyer and provider away from the garbage we now buy episodic uncoordinated disintegrated care. In the change of convenient conversation we have worked with the Primary care providers to give us coordinated, integrated, accessible and compressive care with a set of principles know as the Patient centered medical home.
A Patient Centered Medical Home (PCMH) happens when primary care healers keeping that core healing relationship with their patients step up to become specialists in Family and Community Medicine. The move is to the discipline of leading a team that delivers population health management, patent centered prevention, care that is coordination, comprehensive accessible 24/7 and integrated across a deliver system. PCMH happens when the specialists in Family and Community Medicine wake up every morning and ask the question how will my team improve the health of my community today?
All over the world three huge factors are in play that is driving the concept of Patient Centered Medical Home. They are:
1) Cost and demography
2) Information technology and data (information that is actionable will equal a demand for accountability by the payer or buyer of the care)
3) Consumer demand to engage healthcare differently (at least as well as they can their bank- on line) have a question about lab results why not e-mail?
But at its core it is a move toward integration of a healing relationship in primary care and population management all at the point of care with the tools to do just that.
Presentation given by Eric C. Schneider, MD, Senior Vice President for Policy and Research of The Commonwealth Fund at the University of Michigan Institute for Healthcare Policy and Innovation in Ann Arbor, MI on December 7, 2017.
Reducing Health Disparities: The Journey of Brightpoint HealthBrightpoint Health
Brightpoint Health's CEO and President, Paul Vitale and Chief Clinical Officer, Dr. Barbara Zeller, share Brightpoint's journey, strategies and best practices to reduce health disparities in New York City's high-need neighborhoods.
A preliminary proposal for an application to the Health Care Innovation Challenge sponsored by CMS. Focus of this proposal include gestational diabetes, maternal obesity, postpartum weight loss, and as well as patient engagement / health literacy
The Affordable Care Act: Success or Failure?
Janet Coffman, MPP, PhD
Edward Yelin, PhD
GME Grand Rounds 4/15/14
UCSF San Francisco
http://medschool2.ucsf.edu/gme/
The changing healthcare landscape - What it means for providersWVUSA
The healthcare landscape is in great flux with unprecedented forces in consumer demands, regulatory impact, economic strain, and provider uncertainty. Add to this the PPACA law and we have the making of a new landscape, new delivery models, and possibly - optimistically - better health and health care for Americans.
Presentation delivered by Scott Kashman, MHA, FACHE, Market President & CEO, St. Dominic Health Services & St. Dominic Hospital at the marcus evans National Healthcare CXO Summit October 16-18, 2022 in Boston MA
Think Tank VI Overview & Best PracticesJustin Barnes
We started the Health Innovation Think Tank 3 years ago to form a highly collaborative environment that creates and shares best practices as well as strategies to successfully navigate the future of healthcare
We cover 3 primary themes in this session: Care Strategy, Innovation and Leadership. Today is about education, collaboration as well as best practice & strategy sharing. Everyone here is unscripted and on the frontlines of healthcare.
Similar to #MHwomenleaders12_Closing Session: Mary Grealy (20)
Shifting landscapes: Establishing and maintaining brand identity in an era of...Modern Healthcare
As the healthcare system continues its unprecedented trend of consolidation, driven by factors such as the rapid move to value-based care, many hospitals and health systems wonder how a merger or acquisition might affect their hard-earned brand identity and reputation. This session will explore that question in depth as speakers from Baylor Scott & White Health, the largest not-for-profit health system in Texas formed in 2013 after an $8.3 billion merger of two well-known healthcare organizations, share lessons learned and offer practical marketing and branding strategies.
The power of the story: Using patient testimonials and stories to drive marke...Modern Healthcare
Nothing drives a message home like a well-told story. And an increasing number of healthcare organizations are making patient testimonials a central part of their marketing strategy, harnessing the power of a compelling story to build loyalty, highlight compelling cases and showcase their best work. In this session, experts will share best practices—and common pitfalls—to keep in mind when using patient testimonials.
The tools for success: Leveraging content marketing to engage and inspirefor ...Modern Healthcare
Developing an insightful content marketing strategy that anticipates consumers’ need for meaningful health information can go a long way toward helping healthcare organizations reach their target audiences and build relationships. But many marketers, wary of navigating this heavily regulated area, have made scant progress. This plenary session will dive deep into the ins and outs of content marketing, including tips for choosing the right channels and effective techniques for measuring your efforts.
Webinar: Information Governance - Where is the Healthcare Industry and Where ...Modern Healthcare
Led by Deborah Green, MBA, RHIA EVP/Chief Innovation and Global Services Officer of AHIMA, who has had key responsibility for AHIMA's IG initiative, and featuring Katherine Lusk, MHSM, RHIA is the Chief Health Information Management and Exchange Officer for Children's Medical Health System of Texas, who has been instrumental in promoting and shepherding information governance (IG) at her organization, this webinar will provide insights on key findings of the second survey of IG adoption in Healthcare. The webinar will feature:
- Specific findings on progress in IG adoption
- A discussion of the evolving disciplines of IG
- Perspectives on the readiness and needs of professionals working in IG and related roles
The Leadership Pipeline: Cultivating Your Organization’s High Potential Emplo...Modern Healthcare
The Leadership Pipeline: Cultivating Your Organization’s High Potential Employees – Joseph Cabral at Modern Healthcare's 8th annual Workplace of the Future Conference on Wednesday, October 14, 2015 at the Omni Hotel in Nashville Tennessee.
Workplace Wellness in Flux – Nicolaas Pronk at Modern Healthcare's 8th annual Workplace of the Future Conference on Wednesday, October 14, 2015 at the Omni Hotel in Nashville Tennessee.
Opening Keynote Presentation – George Foyo at Modern Healthcare's 8th annual Workplace of the Future Conference on Wednesday, October 14, 2015 at the Omni Hotel in Nashville Tennessee.
Closing Keynote Presentation – Craig Deao at Modern Healthcare's 8th annual Workplace of the Future Conference on Wednesday, October 14, 2015 at the Omni Hotel in Nashville Tennessee.
Workplace Wellness in Flux – Daniel Timblin at Modern Healthcare's 8th annual Workplace of the Future Conference on Wednesday, October 14, 2015 at the Omni Hotel in Nashville Tennessee.
EHR Safety - Identifying and Mitigating Health IT-related Risks (Webinar Slides)Modern Healthcare
About the Webinar
The federal government has spent tens of billions of dollars getting providers to install EHR systems-all in the hopes of making care more efficient, safe and cost-effective. But EHRs can introduce their own safety risks, whether from confusing displays, excessive alerts or a range of other factors. This hourlong webinar will explore where we are now on health IT-related safety and what you can do to mitigate hazards in your own organization.
You can learn more about this event:
http://www.modernhealthcare.com/article/20150908/WEBINAR/309099998/webinar-ehr-safety-identifying-and-mitigating-health-it-related-risks
Custom webinar slides: Improve operations through standardizationModern Healthcare
Listen to operational leaders from Baptist Health South Florida and Ochsner Health System describe the growth and optimization strategies that generated results for their organizations. Hear lessons learned and insights that led to increased operational performance and innovative culture. Learn about the journey of driving cultural and systemic change that breaks down silos and builds an efficient integrated system. Topics that will be addressed by the panel include:
- Establish and strengthen strategic partnerships and alliances to drive growth
- Foster a collaborative and innovative culture
- Increase productivity and cost savings
- Create vendor score cards that maximize value and performance
More information can be found here:
http://www.modernhealthcare.com/article/20150715/SPONSORED/307169999
Achieving Sustainable Savings in Purchased Services Through Best PracticesModern Healthcare
Purchased-service agreements present an area of potential savings for operational budgets if hospitals have the right data, research and tools to control and reprioritize their purchased-services spending.
Join us as we learn how SSM Health, a four-state non-profit health care system, implemented a best-practices approach to purchased services to secure large-dollar savings across its entire purchased-services spend. During this webinar Cris O'Neal-Gavin, System Contract manager for Purchased Services at SSM Health, will share how they drove savings in large national purchased-services categories, and achieved even larger savings in more strategic regional services. Also get exclusive access to MD Buyline's most recent research showcasing how the nation's most innovative hospitals are implementing common strategies to reduce the cost and complexity of purchased-services contracts.
From Burnout to Engagement: Strategies to Promote Physician Wellness and Work...Modern Healthcare
Slides from a Modern Healthcare presentation.
http://www.modernhealthcare.com/article/20150225/INFO/302259999/webinar-from-burnout-to-engagement-strategies-to-promote-physician
Faced with long hours, unrelenting administrative burdens and the pressure to treat patients quickly, a growing number of physicians are experiencing burnout, a condition characterized by loss of empathy, exhaustion, and a low sense of accomplishment. According to a Mayo Clinic survey from 2012, nearly one in two U.S physicians reported at least one symptom of burnout, up from 22% in 2001. For hospitals with stressed caregivers, the stakes are high. Burned out, dissatisfied physicians are far more likely to make medical errors and are less able to communicate effectively with patients and co-workers. They're also at a higher risk for substance abuse and are more likely to leave clinical practice altogether.
Webinar: Leading the Journey - Cultivating Success in HealthcareModern Healthcare
The fifth annual Huron Healthcare CEO Forum brought together dozens of the most experienced executives in hospitals and health systems across the country to address challenges, share experiences and assess high-level strategies to achieve success in the year ahead. The Forum also featured executives from leading brands outside healthcare, such as The Home Depot and Coca-Cola, who shared valuable and applicable advice for navigating the rapidly changing healthcare environment.
Two of the three largest data breaches in healthcare industry history have occurred in the past six months – exposing personally identifiable patient and health plan membership records on 84.5 million individuals – a number equal to the populations of California, Texas, New York and Nevada combined. Both breaches were attributed to hackers from China. These, and other massive hacks in financial services and retail, prompted President Obama to sign an executive order in February calling on government and the private sector to step up the nation's defenses against cybersecurity threats.
As pressure mounts on hospitals to improve quality and reduce costs, they have turned to medicine's fastest growing physician specialty—hospital medicine---to improve clinical performance and operational efficiency. How this new role for hospitalists plays out varies according to the type, location and creativity of individual healthcare organizations and the resources available to them. This editorial webinar will explore the steps health care organizations should take to prepare and position their hospitalists for quality-improvement responsibilities. Our panel of experts will share their insights, experiences and proven strategies for success.
31052024_First India Newspaper Jaipur.pdfFIRST INDIA
Find Latest India News and Breaking News these days from India on Politics, Business, Entertainment, Technology, Sports, Lifestyle and Coronavirus News in India and the world over that you can't miss. For real time update Visit our social media handle. Read First India NewsPaper in your morning replace. Visit First India.
CLICK:- https://firstindia.co.in/
#First_India_NewsPaper
01062024_First India Newspaper Jaipur.pdfFIRST INDIA
Find Latest India News and Breaking News these days from India on Politics, Business, Entertainment, Technology, Sports, Lifestyle and Coronavirus News in India and the world over that you can't miss. For real time update Visit our social media handle. Read First India NewsPaper in your morning replace. Visit First India.
CLICK:- https://firstindia.co.in/
#First_India_NewsPaper
El Puerto de Algeciras continúa un año más como el más eficiente del continente europeo y vuelve a situarse en el “top ten” mundial, según el informe The Container Port Performance Index 2023 (CPPI), elaborado por el Banco Mundial y la consultora S&P Global.
El informe CPPI utiliza dos enfoques metodológicos diferentes para calcular la clasificación del índice: uno administrativo o técnico y otro estadístico, basado en análisis factorial (FA). Según los autores, esta dualidad pretende asegurar una clasificación que refleje con precisión el rendimiento real del puerto, a la vez que sea estadísticamente sólida. En esta edición del informe CPPI 2023, se han empleado los mismos enfoques metodológicos y se ha aplicado un método de agregación de clasificaciones para combinar los resultados de ambos enfoques y obtener una clasificación agregada.
03062024_First India Newspaper Jaipur.pdfFIRST INDIA
Find Latest India News and Breaking News these days from India on Politics, Business, Entertainment, Technology, Sports, Lifestyle and Coronavirus News in India and the world over that you can't miss. For real time update Visit our social media handle. Read First India NewsPaper in your morning replace. Visit First India.
CLICK:- https://firstindia.co.in/
#First_India_NewsPaper
04062024_First India Newspaper Jaipur.pdfFIRST INDIA
Find Latest India News and Breaking News these days from India on Politics, Business, Entertainment, Technology, Sports, Lifestyle and Coronavirus News in India and the world over that you can't miss. For real time update Visit our social media handle. Read First India NewsPaper in your morning replace. Visit First India.
CLICK:- https://firstindia.co.in/
#First_India_NewsPaper
Here is Gabe Whitley's response to my defamation lawsuit for him calling me a rapist and perjurer in court documents.
You have to read it to believe it, but after you read it, you won't believe it. And I included eight examples of defamatory statements/
‘वोटर्स विल मस्ट प्रीवेल’ (मतदाताओं को जीतना होगा) अभियान द्वारा जारी हेल्पलाइन नंबर, 4 जून को सुबह 7 बजे से दोपहर 12 बजे तक मतगणना प्रक्रिया में कहीं भी किसी भी तरह के उल्लंघन की रिपोर्ट करने के लिए खुला रहेगा।
An astonishing, first-of-its-kind, report by the NYT assessing damage in Ukraine. Even if the war ends tomorrow, in many places there will be nothing to go back to.
3. Women Leaders in Healthcare Conference
August 7, 2012
Consensus Building in an Era of
Extraordinary Challenge
4.
5. Healthcare Leadership Council
• Coalition of leading executives from
insurers, hospitals, pharmaceutical
manufacturers, medical device
manufacturers, other sectors
• Shared vision of innovative, consumer-centered
healthcare system defined by
quality, affordability, accessibility
6. Once There Was Just One…
• Women leaders active in
HLC decision making:
– Vicky Gregg, BlueCross
BlueShield of Tennessee
– Patricia Hemingway Hall,
Health Care Service Corp
– Susan DeVore,
Premier healthcare alliance
– Adele Gulfo, Pfizer
– Patricia Simmons, Mayo Clinic
– Christine Jacobs, Theragenics
– Heyward Donigan, ValueOptions
– Colleen Conway-Welch,
Vanderbilt University School of Nursing
– Marion McCourt, AstraZeneca
7. “Scholars find that women, compared with
men, tend to excel in consensus-building
and certain other skills useful in
leadership.”
--Nicholas Kristof, New York Times
“When Women Rule”
8. Where We Need Consensus
• The direction of health reform
– Kaiser July tracking survey: 38%
favorable, 44% unfavorable
• Entitlement reform
• Deficit reduction and healthcare
• The role of medical innovation
9. Conflict in the Political World
• Elections may not lend clarity
• Presidential race will likely
leave half of U.S. unhappy
– CBS/NY Times poll:
Romney 47-46%
– Gallup tracking poll:
consistent 1-2% margin
• Obama maintains slight lead
in key swing states
10. A Closely Divided Congress
• U.S. Senate based on current
polling: 47 D, 45 R, 8 tossups
(6 D seats, 2 R seats)
– Neither party will have 60 votes
needed to pass major legislation
• U.S. House based on current
polling: 214 R, 172 D, 49
tossups
– Analysts: Majority unlikely to
change, but Democrats could
tighten margin
11. Defining Success in Health Reform
• Continuous quality improvement
• Vibrant innovation
• Eliminating health disparities
• Improved cost-effectiveness
• Sustainability
12. Where Do We Focus Our Ideas,
Our Voices?
• Implementing health reform
– Preserving the best, fixing the
problematic
• Deficit reduction that doesn‟t
undermine American healthcare
– Reforms that add value, not cuts
that hurt quality and access
• Strengthening entitlement
programs for the long run
– Understanding that the status
quo is not sustainable
13. The Best of Health Reform
• Addressing the uninsured
crisis a historic achievement
• Takes steps in fixing the
volume-not-value approach
to healthcare
– Centers for Medicare and
Medicaid Innovation
• Improved prevention and
wellness features
• Closing the Medicare Part D
“doughnut hole”
14. Health Reform Concerns to Address
• Independent Payment Advisory Board (IPAB)
– Ax to cut spending with no focus
on value or quality
– No accountability to public
• Medicaid expansion
– Low reimbursement rates present
access concerns
– Will all states participate?
• Taxes, fees and payment cuts
– Almost all health sectors take a hit
– Impact on quality, access, innovation?
15. Deficit Reduction and Health Care
• Healthcare will be a focus of budget cuts
• Simpson-Bowles ideas raise concerns
– Global healthcare spending limits
– Beefed-up IPAB
– Resurrection of the „public option‟
• Reconcile two goals – spending reductions and
improved health outcomes
16. Private Sector Providing Answers
• Companies in every health
sector demonstrating how to
improve care, curb costs
• HLC Value, Wellness
Compendiums
– Providing metric-supported
examples of cost-effective
care, disease prevention
17. Medicare Reform
• National debt rapidly • Ensure economic growth
increasing, burden for and jobs today;
future generations opportunities for
• Aging population requires children, grandchildren
more healthcare tomorrow
• Current entitlement • Maintain access to
structure cannot stand healthcare for current,
without tax future Medicare
increases, provider & beneficiaries
benefit cuts
18. Medicare’s Future
• Projected insolvency date: 2024
• Over 10,000 baby boomers
turning 65 each day
– Beneficiary population: 45.2 mil
today, 70 mil in 2030
• Medicare 3.6% of GDP today;
6.4% in 2030
• Average baby boomer couple
will pay $114,000 in lifetime
Medicare payroll taxes
– Receive $350,000 in medical care
19. Some Options on the Table
• Denial (“Keep Medicare
as we know it”)
• Provider cuts
– $575 billion in Medicare
payment reductions in PPACA
• Let IPAB do it
• De facto price controls
20. Is There a Better Answer?
• HLC Approach:
– Inject Medicare with consumer
choice and competition
– Private health plans compete
on cost, value
• Beneficiaries would have option of
staying in conventional FFS Medicare
– Cost savings generated by
competition, not price controls
or government-mandated
payment cuts
21. Consensus Building: The Tasks Ahead
• Present compelling vision
of innovation-based,
accessible healthcare
• Make clear that status
quo cannot stand
• Communicate the answers
found in new private sector
approaches
• Build agreement that cost
containment, quality
improvement are not
mutually exclusive