11. CONTROL FUNCTION
Effective control is facilitated when
proper communication, reports, policies,
plans, clarification of duties, authorities
and responsibilities are implemented.
13. EMOTIVE FUNCTION
When feelings are repressed in the organization
employees are affected by anxiety whatever
emotions involved whether satisfaction or
dissatisfaction communication provides a means
to decrease the internal pressure affecting the
individual.
17. 8 STEPS OF COMMUNICATION
PROCESS
1. Develop an Idea
2. Encode
3. Transmit
4. Receive
5. Decode
6. Accept or Reject
7. Use
8. Provide Feedback
18. 8 STEPS OF COMMUNICATION
PROCESS
•Develop an Idea
-the most important step of communication because
the idea to be conveyed must be useful or of some value.
•Encode
- encoding the idea into illustrations, figures or
symbols suitable for transmission.
19. •Transmit
-use of appropriate communication channel which includes
spoken words, body movements, written words, television, telephone,
radio, paint, etc.
•Receive
- actual receiving by the intended receiver
•Decode
-interpretation of the message by the receiver
8 STEPS OF COMMUNICATION
PROCESS
20. •Accept or Reject
-acceptance or rejection of the receiver by the
delivered message
•Use
-use of the information by the receiver will depend on
his perception of the message
•Provide Feedback
-feedback of the receiver to the sender
8 STEPS OF COMMUNICATION
PROCESS
24. ORAL COMMUNICATION
-Involves hearing the words of the sender.
-Provided by the sender’s body movements, facial
expression, gestures and eye contact
WRITTEN COMMUNICATION
-Preferred due to time and cost constraints.
-can be in the form of letter, memo, cards and some
means are devised.
26. NONVERBAL COMMUNICATION
◦Conveying message through body language
which consists of gestures, bodily
movements, posture, facial expression and
mannerisms of all kinds.
◦Uses time, space, touch, clothing,
appearance and aesthetic elements.
29. PERSONAL BARRIERS
-arises from a communicator’s characteristics as a
person, such as emotions, values, poor listening
habits, sex, age, race, socioeconomic status, religion,
education, etc.
PHYSICAL BARRIERS
-interferences occurring in the environment where
the communication is undertaken.
-includes distance between people, walls, noise,etc.
30. SEMANTIC BARRIERS
-interference with the reception of a
message that occurs when the message
is understood even though it is received
exactly as transmitted.
31. OVERCOMING BARRIERS TO
COMMUNICATION
1. Use feedback to facilitate understanding
2. Repeat messages in order to provide assurance
that they are properly received.
3. Use multiple channels to enhance accuracy of
information.
4. Use simplified language that is easily understood.
32. TECHNIQUES FOR COMMUNICATING IN
ORGANIZATIONS
TYPES OF MESSAGE FLOW
1. Downward Communication
2. Upward Communication
3. Horizontal Communication
33. DOWNWARD COMMUNICATION
Refers to the message flow from higher
levels of authority to lower levels.
PURPOSES:
1. To give instructions
2. To provide information about policies and
procedures
3. To give feedback
4. To motivate
34. UPWARD COMMUNICATION
Refers to messages from persons in lower-level positions to
persons in higher level-positions.
TECHNIQUES USED:
1. Formal grievance procedures
- grievances are part of a normally operating
organization, this system are for employees to air their
grievances.
2. Employee attitude and opinion surveys
- finding out what the employee thinks about the
company.
3. Suggestion systems
- suggestions from employees are important source of
cost-saving and production enhancing ideas.
35. UPWARD COMMUNICATION
4. Open-door policy
- provides the management an opportunity to act on
difficulties before they become full-blown problems.
5. Informal gripe sessions
- when employees feel free to talk and they are assured of not
being penalized for doing so, then management will be spared with
lots of efforts on determining the real cause of problems.
6. Task force
- when specific problems arises, this is created and assigned to
deal with it.
7. Exit interviews
- when employees leave an organization for any reason, it is
to the advantage of the management to know what are those.
36. HORIZONTAL COMMUNICATION
Refers to messages sent to individuals or
groups from another of the same
organizational level.
PURPOSES:
1. To coordinate activities between
departments.
2. To persuade others at the same
organizational level.
3. To pass on information about activities.
38. MANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEM
MIS according to Boone and Kurtz
“An organized method of providing
past, present and projected
information on internal operations
and external intelligence for use in
decision making.”
39. MIS AND ITS RELATION WITH DIFFERENT
DEPARTMENTS OF THE ORGANIZATION
MANAGEMENT
INFORMATION
SYSYTEM
MARKETING
PESONNEL
RESEARCH AND
DEVELOPMENT
MANUFACTURING
FINANCE
ENGINEERING
40. PURPOSES OF MIS
1. To provide a basis for the analysis of early
warning signals.
2. To automate routine clerical operations
like payroll and inventory reports.
3. To assist managers in making routine
decisions.
4. To provide the information necessary for
management to make strategic or non-
programmed decisions.
